Tenure reform in British Columbia? Model,trust and charter forests

By retaining 91% of the forests in public ownership, British Columbia (BC) holds one of the world’s highest proportion of forest land under a publicsector model for the development and management of the province’s increasingly valuable forest resource. Public ownership implies that critical linkages between the natural forest resource endowment, public-sector management policies and the standard of living of the people of the province are to be forged. Yet, the emerging changes in fundamental public perception of the appropriate use of forests suggests that some of these policies, especially as they relate to forest tenure, are failing to respond to the needs of people in the 21^st century. Some of those linkages require retooling. Although somewhat constrained by past forest activities and policies, the provincial government possesses broad authority across the entire public and private forest system to regulate forest practices and determine rate of cut, stumpage, royalties and rents. It can change the way it does business. It can also devolve responsibility and decision-making to local institutions and create innovative ways of moving toward sustainable forestry. This paper argues that a tenure option developing in the United States — charter forests — may have application in BC and explores briefly how five types of pilots could be tested in the province.     

浅析森林资源管理信息系统研究现状及发展

21世纪是信息时代,在信息社会中,随着网络技术的不断发展,科学技术的迅速发展,特别是"3S"技术在林业上广泛应用,森林资源的科学管理和高效应用是非常重要的,传统的森林资源管理模式已经不能适应时代的发展,因此,实现信息化管理势在必行。     

意大利的林业、林业科研和教育

意大利是当代西方经济强国,林业和森林工业都较为发达。文中概括介绍了意大利的自然和社会经济状况,森林资源和发达的森林工业,林业教育的教学特点、课程设置以及20世纪90年代林业研究的主要动向。     

Voicing interests and concerns: challenges for forest research

Forest research has to change in response to the increased interest of society in the management of forest land. The president and the vice president of IUFRO, the Assistant Director-General for Forestry in the FAO and the Past Director-General of CIFOR discuss key issues. IUFRO should become a clearing house for forest research and expertise. Research has to recognize that the culture of forestry has become a culture of conflict. More interdisciplinary and policy research should be added to the strong bio-physical sciences in forestry. We need science to exploit the comparative advantages of local and larger-scale forest management and we need science to bridge the gaps between the traditional and modern pools of knowledge and experience.     

征占用林地管理若干问题的探讨

从介绍征占用林地管理的主要过程入手，系统分析了目前征占用林地过程中存在的主要问题，并有针对性地提出解决的方法与建议，对于提高我国征占用林地的管理水平，促进森林资源管理体系的全面建设具有积极的作用。     

澳大利亚维多利亚州公有林管理

维多利亚州是澳大利亚重要的林业省份之一,在其2000多万hm2白土地上,公有土地为910万hm2,森林覆盖率高达80%.公有林业作为公共事业的一个重要组成部分,其管理体制经历了不断改革和发展的过程,特别是1986年以后,随着维州政府《木材工业战略》的颁布和实施,维州的公有林管理进入了一个新的时期。介绍了维州公有林业的主管机构及其职能、天然林资源管理及规划、公有人工林管理及改革,探讨了其林业发展政策及存在的问题。     

广东林业标准化体系研究

标准化体系是标准化工作的基础和保障。通过对广东林业标准化发展现状、存在问题及需求 分析,并根据广东林业发展实际,构建了由林业技术标准体系和标准化实施监督服务体系组成的具有广 东特色的林业标准化体系。其中,林业技术标准体系由基础综合、林木种苗、森林经营、森林资源保护、 自然保护地体系管理、生态建设、森林资源利用和其他等 8 个标准分体系构成;标准化实施监督服务体 系由标准化实施、检测认证、监督管理、技术服务和评价等 5 个子体系构成。     

广东林业生态建设与社会经济可持续发展

文章针对当前我省林业生态建设的实际需要,根据社区对林业的不同需求,从林业可持续经营的原则出发,探索了旨在提高生态和经济效益的林业经营方法和可持续发展经营模式。     

两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林经营的影响分析

以福建南平一般杉木中指数中径材经营类型生长指标结合现行市场有关技术经济指标,对林地拍卖与逐年支付地租两种常见林地有偿使用方式对森林资源资产经营的影响进行分析,为林地经营权所有者与林地使用者进行森林资源资产经营提供借鉴。     

Forest resources and timber production of Ghana: Current instruments for sustainable development

The decline of the natural tropical high forest has reached a critical stage in Ghana’s forestry history. Timber resources are over-exploited, degraded and further production prospects are questionable and of concern to forest management. The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the institutional measures and development instruments being taken in Ghana towards the feasibility of achieving sustainable management of the high forest for timber and other commodity products, as well as conserving other forest resources. This paper, therefore, provides institutional measures and structures, regulatory and economic instruments, currently being taken to ensure effective forest management and increase the productivity of the land and logging. The role of collaborative management approach of both natural reserved and unreserved high forests and to promote integrated farm forestry is explained. Effective management of the high forest resource demands close harmonizing of instruments and mechanisms, both internal and external to forestry, and which encourage stakeholders to participate actively in decision making that affects the resource quality and its production status. Currently, different instruments including regulatory, property rights, motivational, hypothecation, information supply and economic are being applied in Ghana to achieve sustainable forest resource management and timber production. These instruments are not mutually exclusive in their current application, but rather complementary. Thus, an effective mix of instruments is necessary to promote and make feasible, sustainable forestry in Ghana’s socioeconomic development objectives.     

Forest management educational needs in South African forestry companies

South Africa is a world leader in the forest products industry and this industry contributes significantly to the country's economy. Challenges to the industry's future include land reform, water use, global competition, regulations, outsourcing and privatisation (the decreased role of government in forest management). These issues impact forestry skills, jobs and education. As part of the Department of Forest and Wood Science's curriculum revision at Stellenbosch University, a survey was sent to forest industry representatives to better understand the transition in forestry and what is expected from upcoming forestry graduates, specifically in business and economic-related studies. Major issues that surfaced included skill shortages, timber supply constraints and land/legal issues. The most important skills lacking in future foresters were people and business management skills. The survey results confirm that, although forest managers still need a core technical toolbox, they are also required to address multiple issues and require a broader 'package' of skills.     

对中国林业可持续发展问题的基本认识

林业是环境再生产的主导产业。林业可持续发展,关键在于规范和调整林业部门的经营、管理行为。而森林的可持续经营强调通过对森林生态系统的有效经营管理。为社会经济发展提供多种物质产品和环境服务功能。中国林业发展面临着：巨大的人口压力、经济运行体制和变革、现行林业政策体系不健全,以及土地资源相对不足、水资源总量少、生态环境形势依然严峻的现实。林业发展目标取向的现实差异,要求政府建立起活当的协调机制,在保障森林经营者、部门,乃至全体公民合法权益的基础上,实现林业可持续发展社会、经济、生态环境目标的协调。关于林业可持续发展实践,一是要明显特定区域对林业的需求结构和自然基础;二是建立相应的社会、经济、生态环境目标和森林目标;三是构筑起配套的技术体系;四是完美政策保障体系。中国自然资源结构、地理特征和社会经济发展进程中,对于林产     

安徽江淮丘陵区林业可持续发展思路的探讨

在分析安徽江淮丘陵区自然条件、森林资源和经营管理水平的基础上 ,结合林业建设第二次创业的要求 ,提出林业分类经营与可持续发展的思路。     

日本的主要林业政策与改革

日本的林业政策是建立在市场经济与稳定的所有制结构基础上的,这保证了日本森林资源长期稳定的增长和生态保护目标的实现;日本严格而有效的森林资源管理计划体系、稳定的林地林木权属、强大而活跃的林业非政府组织、形式多样的政策扶持手段值得我国借鉴,但其国有林政策令人深思:即将国有林作为企业对待,必然要求其自负盈亏,即使它能提供巨大的生态环境效益,国家也仍按企业对待它,这就是市场经济的法则。我国的国有林改革以及林业生态建设政策应从中获得启示。     

加强西藏森林资源管理的对策与措施

分析西藏森林资源管理现状与存在的主要问题,从西藏森林资源采伐管理、林地管理、基层两站基础设施建设、资源管理信息化建设、建立健全资源管理机制等方面着手,提出加强西藏森林资源管理的对策与措施。     

Valuing Natural Forest Resources: An Application of Contingent Valuation Method on Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area,Bale Mountains,Ethiopia

This research employs a contingent valuation method (CVM) to estimate the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) to gain use and control rights to a natural forest resource at the Adaba-Dodola Forest Priority Area (ADFPA) in the Bale Mountains of Ethiopia. The analysis was based on data collected from 295 households residing in and around the forest resource. Both binary probit and ordered probit models were used to examine socioeconomic factors that determine the respondents' WTP to gain these rights. The estimated mean and median WTP were found to be ETB 24.41 (US$2.54) and ETB 22.14 (US$2.30) annually, respectively. Households with more members, have better exposure to education and training, perceive the need for forest conservation, are member of forest dwellers' association, and who are wealthier in terms of ownership of more cultivated land and livestock are willing to pay more; whereas those households characterized by earning better annual household income, those who got higher starting bid value, and those who live farther away from the prime forest resource are willing to pay less. This can be used to signal that there is a considerable non-market value attached to use and control rights to the natural forest. In particular, membership in official forest user groups has shown a strong and positive relationship with WTP in all the models employed. This implies the approach of participatory management using forest user groups is better both for the sustainability of the forest resource and the livelihoods of the people who depend upon it.     

Compatibility of timber and non-timber forest product management in natural tropical forests: Perspectives,challenges, and opportunities

Tropical forests could satisfy multiple demands for goods and services both for present and future generations. Yet integrated approaches to natural forest management remain elusive across the tropics. In this paper we examine one combination of uses: selective harvesting of timber and non-timber forest product (NTFP) extraction. We analyze the current status of this combination and speculate on prospects and challenges regarding: (i) resource inventory, (ii) ecology and silviculture, (iii) conflict in the use of multipurpose tree species, (iv) wildlife conservation and use, (v) tenure, and (vi) product certification. Our conclusions remain preliminary due to the relative paucity of published studies and lessons learned on what has worked and what has not in the context of integrated management for timber and NTFPs. We propose at least three ways where further research is merited. One, in improving ‘opportunistic’ situations driven by selective timber harvesting that also enhance NTFP values. Two, to explicitly enhance both timber and NTFP values through targeted management interventions. Three, to explicitly assess biophysical, social, regulatory and institutional aspects so that combined benefits are maximized. Interventions for enhancing the compatibility of timber and NTFP extraction must be scaled in relation to the size of the area being managed, applied timber harvesting intensities, and the dynamics of multi-actor, forest partnerships (e.g., between the private sector and local communities). In addition, training and education issues may have to be re-crafted with multiple-use management approaches inserted into tropical forestry curricula.     

西藏天然林资源保护工程现状及发展对策研究

1　天然林保护工程实施以来取得了明显的阶段性成果西藏是我国重要国有天然林区之一 ,现有有林地面积 75 1万hm2 ,约占国有林区天然林面积的 2 7 8% ,活立木蓄积量为 2 0 84亿m3 ,约占国有林区天然林蓄积量的 72 %。昌都地区的江达、贡觉、芒康 3县是我国长江流域的重要区域 ,     

德国森林经营历史经验的借鉴

作者介绍了德国森林经营理论的阶段性特征,包括:德国人工造林思想的形成和“森林永续利用理论”的诞生、膨胀的工业化对木材的需求和“土地纯收益理论”的诞生、对森林生态系统的认识和“接近自然的林业理论”的诞生、国家对林业的扶持和“林业政策效益理论”的诞生.我国林业正由粗放经营向集约经营转变.借鉴德国森林经营的经验,对于我国的林业改革和选择适合我国特点的森林经营模式,具有宝贵的参考价值.