江苏省仪征市铜山乡家鸭寄生蠕虫的种类调查

对江苏省仪征市铜山乡60只家鸭进行剖检后,共计检出2门4纲11科12属13种蠕虫,所有被检鸭均100%感染蠕虫,且均为2种以上蠕虫混合感染。其中,感染率较高的是舟形嗜气管吸虫、鸭对体吸虫、卷棘口吸虫,其平均感染强度也较高,是优势虫种;其次为冠状膜壳绦虫、宫川棘口吸虫、纤细背孔吸虫、东方次睾吸虫、卵圆前殖吸虫;鹅裂口线虫、矛形剑带绦虫、优美异幻吸虫、分棘四棱线虫和鸭细颈棘头虫感染率相对较低。这是该地区鸭寄生蠕虫感染情况的首次报道,以期为该地区家鸭寄生虫病防治方案的制定提供参考依据。     

上海市部分鸟类寄生蠕虫感染情况调查

为了解上海市鸟类寄生虫感染现状,于2012年从上海市部分花鸟市场分批购买了11科21种103只鸟,采用完全剖检法对鸟类消化道及各脏器进行寄生虫检查。结果显示,有14种33只鸟检出蠕虫,鸟种类的蠕虫感染率为66．67％（14／21）,鸟个体的蠕虫感染率为32．04％（33／103）,其中黄鹂、灰背鸫、灰喜鹊、丝光椋鸟、喜鹊、野鹌鹑等6种鸟的检出率较高,感染率为60％～100％。在检出蠕虫的14种33只鸟中,共检获蠕虫932条,其中从9种16只鸟检获吸虫268条,从8种17只鸟检获绦虫631条,从7种12只鸟检获线虫17条,从4种7只鸟检获棘头虫16条。在检获的932条蠕虫,分别来自肺脏、肾脏、肝脏（胆囊）、肠道,而在心脏、气管、胃、皮下等组织器官未检出蠕虫。肠道是寄生虫寄生的主要场所,从27只鸟的肠道检获746条蠕虫,分别占阳性鸟和蠕虫数的81．82％（27／33）、80．04％（746／932）;其次为肝脏（胆囊）,从8只鸟的肝脏（胆囊）检获182条蠕虫．分别占阳性鸟和蠕虫数的24．24％、19．53％。在感染强度上,野鸽子和鸟灰鸫的蠕虫感染强度最高,平均每只分别检出171条和123条,其次为灰背鸫（53条／只）。调查结果表明,上海市鸟类寄生虫的种类多,且蠕虫的各大类（吸虫、绦虫、线虫、棘头虫）均有检出,依据检获的虫体数量,绦虫和吸虫是鸟类的主要寄生虫,调查结果为初步掌握上海市鸟类寄生虫的感染现状、做好鸟类寄生虫病的防控提供了基础数据。     

龙岩市鸭寄生蠕虫种类的调查

随机抽样剖检龙岩市境内309只鸭,检出18种寄生蠕虫,其中棘头虫1种、线虫3种、绦虫6种、吸虫8种,隶属10科15属,总感染率为65.37%。在检出的18种寄生蠕虫中,有11种是本地区1993年以来的新纪录种。结果:在该地区鸭各种寄生蠕虫的感染程度存在较大的差异,其中,感染率和感染强度最大的是裂刺四棱线虫,分别达到46.93%和13.46条(虫);其次是卷棘口吸虫、美丽膜壳绦虫、福建单睾绦虫,感染率分别为10.68%、10.68%和9.06%,感染强度分别为10.12、6.58和6.36条;而感染率和感染强度最小的是细背孔吸虫和大多形棘头虫,其感染率分别为0.32%和0.97%,感染强度分别为1.00和1.67条。另外12种蠕虫的感染率和感染强度处于一般状态。因此,在该地区养鸭业生产中,应加强对优势种群裂刺四棱线虫、卷棘口吸虫、美丽膜壳绦虫、福建单睾绦虫的预防与控制。     

潞西市动物寄生虫病的防制

1动物寄生虫感染情况 当前，随着人感染猪链球菌病的发生和防制禽流感工作的深入，人们对动物传染病越来越重视，各级动物防疫部门加大了防制力度，使潞西市动物传染病得到了有效的控制。然而动物寄生虫病却有上升趋势，据《云南省家畜（禽）寄生虫区系调查资料汇编》记载：在德宏州剖检畜禽677头（匹、只），采集到绦虫、吸虫、线虫标本1709923条，其中线虫796844条，吸虫815570条，绦虫97509条，经鉴定有蠕虫189种，包括吸虫72种，绦虫18种，线虫97种，棘头虫2种，隶属4纲46科93属。寄生蠕虫的感染率是97．78％，线虫的感染率是84．49％，吸虫的感染率是50．76％，绦虫的感染率是45．20％，棘头虫的感染率是25．40％。2000—2005年对500头牛宰后调查，肝片吸虫感染率达51．20％以上；其它动物寄生虫病也有发生，如奶牛焦虫病、牛马锥虫病、牛吸吮线虫病、羊肝片吸虫病等。2005年5月潞西市47只山羊发生肝片吸虫病，发病率占18．07％，死亡25只，死亡率占53．19％。说明动物寄生虫病发生呈上升趋势。     

上海市市售青蛙寄生蠕虫感染情况初步调查

为了解上海市市售青蛙蠕虫的感染情况,对52只黑斑蛙(Rana nigromaculata)进行剖检,按脏器检查、收集寄生虫虫体,统计寄生虫的感染率与感染强度。结果显示,青蛙蠕虫感染率为90.38%,平均感染强度为20.21条。不同种类寄生虫的感染情况明显不同,线虫、吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫的感染率分别为50.00%、86.54%、17.31%和51.92%,感染强度分别为3.38、15.00、5.11和5.22条。不同脏器寄生虫的感染情况不同,肠道的寄生虫感染率最高,为90.38%;肠道、肌肉与皮下寄生虫的感染强度分别为15.34和11.38条,明显高于其他器官。不同种类寄生虫的寄生虫部位明显不同,线虫、吸虫和棘头虫主要来源于肠道,绦虫主要来源于肌肉与皮下。通过对检出虫体的形态进行初步观察,吸虫、线虫、绦虫和棘头虫种类分别约有6、3、1和2种,但具体种类尚需进一步鉴定。本调查结果为掌握上海市市售青蛙寄生虫感染状况和做好寄生虫病防控提供了基础数据。     

上海市市售蟾蜍寄生蠕虫感染情况初步调查

为了解上海市市售蟾蜍寄生蠕虫的感染情况,对60只中华大蟾蜍进行剖检,按脏器检查、收集寄生虫虫体,统计寄生虫的感染率与感染强度。结果显示,蟾蜍寄生虫感染率为100%,平均感染强度为28.23条。不同种类寄生虫的感染情况明显不同,线虫、吸虫、绦虫和棘头虫的感染率分别为93.33%、73.33%、8.33%和15.00%,感染强度分别为17.52、14.48、10.40和2.67条。不同脏器寄生虫的感染情况不同,肠道和肺脏的寄生虫感染率最高,分别为100%和88.33%;肠道、肺脏、肌肉寄生虫的感染强度分别为15.63、12.28和11.33条,明显高于其他器官。不同种类寄生虫的寄生虫部位明显不同,线虫主要来源于肺部和肠道,吸虫和棘头虫主要来源于肠道,绦虫主要来源于肌肉。通过对检出虫体的形态进行初步观察,吸虫、线虫、绦虫和棘头虫种类分别约有3、4、1和1种,但具体种类尚需进一步鉴定。本调查结果为掌握上海市市售蟾蜍寄生虫感染状况和做好寄生虫病防控提供了基础数据。     

猪寄生虫病的检测与诊断方法

危害生猪的主要寄生虫大体可分为3类：①危害不严重又普遍存在的寄生虫有猪细颈囊尾蚴、仔猪类圆线虫、猪毛首线虫（猪鞭虫）、猪刚棘颚口虫、猪食道口线虫（猪结节虫）、猪蛔状线虫（猪螺咽胃虫）、猪巨吻棘头虫、猪虱、猪艾美耳球虫等;②危害严重又普遍存在的寄生虫有姜片虫、猪蛔虫、猪后圆线虫（猪肺丝虫）、冠尾线虫（猪肾虫）、猪疥癣（猪癫）等;③时有发现的寄生虫有戴形微口吸虫、日本血吸虫、中华后睾吸虫、肝片形吸虫、猪囊虫、裂头蚴、旋毛虫、猪孢子虫、猪结肠小袋纤毛虫、猪蠕形螨等。     

湖南省黄鳝源胃瘤线虫生物学特性研究

胃瘤线虫病是一种由寄生于鱼类、鸟类体内的线虫引起的疾病,对野生动物保护、养殖业均构成较大威胁。试验于2012年4月-2013年4月用蠕虫学剖检方法检查了58839副黄鳝内脏胃瘤线虫的感染情况,并对其感染平均丰度、虫体长度、体长与存活时间关系进行观察与分析,同时测定了黄鳝血液pH。结果显示,胃瘤线虫的平均丰度为5.45%,其中春夏季平均丰度（7.85%）大于秋冬季平均丰度（4.08%）,野生黄鳝平均丰度（4.08%）明显高于养殖黄鳝平均丰度（1.10%）,表明胃瘤线虫平均丰度受季节及养殖方式的影响;测量300条胃瘤线虫平均长度为49.69 mm(体长范围为26.80～70.50 mm),春夏季及秋冬季虫体平均长度分别为47.10、54.86 mm,表明胃瘤线虫秋冬季长度整体长于春夏季;虫体长度在＜30、30～39.9、40～49.9、50～59.9、＞60 mm的平均存活时间分别为2.5、3.6、4.4、5.4、9.0 d,表明虫体存活时间与虫体长度呈一定的正相关;黄鳝血液pH无明显季节性变化。本试验结果可为湖南省胃瘤线虫病防制提供依据。     

江苏省黄鳝寄生虫感染的初步调查

20 0 0～ 2 0 0 1年对江苏省洪泽、阜宁、无锡等地区养殖及野生黄鳝的寄生虫感染情况作了初步调查。查出7种寄生虫 ,其中以隐藏新棘虫、鳝锥体虫、毛细线虫、湖北双穴吸虫的感染率较高 ,分别达 97%、86 %、5 0 %和5 0 % ;感染强度大 ,最高分别达 12 7条、75条、2 5条和 18条 ,是江苏地区黄鳝养殖应重点防治的四种寄生虫     

凉州区绵羊寄生虫感染调查与防治研究

为了解凉州区绵羊寄生虫感染情况,采用完全蠕虫解剖法随机对200只绵羊进行解剖,调查发现凉州区绵羊蠕虫感染率为100%,其中线虫感染率为89.0%,吸虫感染率为62.5%,绦虫感染率49.5%。调查中共检出19种蠕虫幼虫,其中线虫10种,有夏伯特线虫(Chabertia sp.)、毛圆线虫(Trichostrongylus sp.)、捻转血矛线虫(Hemonchus contortus)、细颈线虫(Nematodirus sp.)、丝状网尾线虫(Dictyocaulus filaria)、仰口线虫(Bunostomum trigonocephalum)、食道口线虫(Oesophagostomum spp.)、美丽筒线虫(Gongylonema pulchrum)羊毛尾线虫(Trichocephala ovis)、奥斯特线虫(Ostertagra sp.);绦虫5种,有莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia sp.)、盖氏曲子宫绦虫(Helzctrometa giarda)、中点无卵黄腺绦虫(Avitelina centripunctata)、细粒棘球蚴(Echinococcus granulosus)、细颈囊尾蚴(Cysticercus tenuicollis);吸虫有4种,有肝片形吸虫(Fasciola hepatica)、矛形双腔吸虫(Dicrocoelium lanceatum)、东毕吸虫(Orientobilharzia sp.)、绵羊扁体吸虫(Ratynosomum ovis)。检出的优势虫种为捻转血矛线虫和羊仰口线虫。     

Scrapie in goats in Cyprus

Ovine scrapie was first recorded in Cyprus in 1985. Subsequently four dairy goats kept in two mixed flocks with affected sheep developed characteristic clinical signs similar to those seen in sheep. Fifteen goats from the two flocks were examined histologically and neurological lesions consistent with a diagnosis of scrapie were found in the four animals and in three others which had subsequently developed early neurological signs. These lesions were similar to those of naturally-affected sheep although neuronal degeneration and vacuolation were more severe in some cases.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.