实行产业化经营促进高效益发展

实行产业化经营促进高效益发展安远县林业局（江西３４２１００）我县林业用地面积１９．９８万ｈｍ２，占总土地面积的８４．２％，有林地面积１８．５３万ｈｍ２，森林活立木蓄积量７２３．７万ｍ３，森林覆盖率７８．４％。近几年来在消灭荒山，实现绿化达标的同时，...     

射阳林业新跨越 与时俱进铸辉煌

去冬今春以来，全县按照市委、市政府关于林业发展工作的部署要求，把发展林业作为全县农业结构调整的战略性措施来抓，紧紧围绕“３年建成大框架，５年实现标准化”的林业发展“十五”规划，瞄准“总量超千万”的目标，全党动员、全民发动、全力以赴，取得了林业发展的历史性突破。农村造林史无前例。全县共完成植树量１６８８．４万株（其中果树３３６．１万株）；完成成片造林计１００８４hm２，占盐城市下达任务８０００hm２的１２６．１％，其中：意杨５３５７hm２、银杏９５１hm２、拓果１８４３hm２、拓桑１９２４hm２；完成绿色通道４３３．９Km；完成高标准农田林网６４１７３hm２，其中：新建４６２６７hm２、完善林网１８０８０hm２；完成村庄植树４２０．２万株，农村户平１６．６株，新栽苗木成活率达９５％以上，保存率近１００％；全县改制林木９２５．５万株，改制率达９８．８％，合同利用资金３５９９．５万元，到帐资金１０２４．５万元。全县栽植乔木和果树百万株以上的乡镇６个，成片造林６７hm２以上的村１６个，１２０００hm２的沿海生态经济林已正式启动，首期１００hm２已经建成。城镇绿化成绩斐然。全县城镇新增绿地７３．３hm２，其中，县城新增...     

甘肃经济林发展的优势及存在问题

近年来，甘肃经济取得了飞速发展，在生态环境保护和治理方面也做了大量工作，取得可喜进展。但生态环境恶化的趋势还没有得到有效控制，环境形势仍十分严峻，土地沙化和退化现象相当严重，沙尘暴频频出现，退耕还林、发展经济林成为甘肃经济发展的必然选择，也得到了党中央的有力支持。１甘肃发展经济林的优势１．１丰富的经济林用地甘肃全省总面积４５．４万km２，山区面积达到３１．７７万km２，占全省总面积的７０％，其中大部分只有林业可利用，全省人均山地面积１．７０hm２，是全国平均水平的１．７倍。尚有宜林地面积１９５．２万hm…     

资源林政管理工作的一面旗帜──腾冲县森林资源林政管理工作概述

资源林政管理工作的一面旗帜──腾冲县森林资源林政管理工作概述云林腾冲是我省的重点林区县之一，全县林业用地面积３９．４２万公顷，占土地面积的６９．１１％；有林地面积２５．９万公顷，森林覆盖率为４５．４％（加灌木林为５８．２％）．活立木总蓄积量为３６１３...     

个体造林：盈江造林绿化的主力军

盈江县位于德宏州北部，是一个以傣族、景颇族为主的多民族县。全县土地总面积为４３．６２万公顷，是德宏州土地面积最多的一个县，占全州总面积的３８．４％。全县林业用地面积３１．９１２万公顷，森林覆盖率为６２．１５％；全县可开发利用的宜林荒山、荒地、灌木林地近４．７万公顷，另外，每年还有６６６．７公顷的退耕还林地可开发利用，土地资源开发潜力很大。 积极开展全民义务植树运动，组织群众植树造林，增加森林面积和蓄积量，提高森林覆盖率，一直是盈江林业建设的首要任务。１９８４年至１９９９年底，全县完成造林面积 ２．…     

加大科技兴林力度 发展优质高效林业

顺昌县是福建省的重点林业县。林业收入占全县国民经济总收入的30％以上，是我县的支柱产业。全县土地总面积19．8万hm‘中，林业用地16．2万hm2，占81．8％。其中：有林地14．7万hm2，活立木蓄积量1098万m3，毛竹4140万根。全县森林覆盖率74．3％，绿化程度90．7％。十一届三中全会以来，我县认真实施科技“双放”方针，贯彻落实全国和省科技会议精神，在全体科技人员、干部、职工的共同努力下，不断深化改革，对内狠抓科学管理，对外面向社会开拓推广，努力提高科技含量，增强全民科技意识，走依靠科技进步，建设高优林业的道路。几年来科…     

先基层、后机关,优先建好林业站

宜章位处湘南要地，素有湖南“南大门”之称。全县总人口532368人，辖11个乡、16个镇，总面积1937万公顷，林业用地面积12．30万公顷，占全县总面积的6349％。其中．有林地面积8．25万公顷，占林业用地面积的67．O6％。活立木总蓄积197．87立方米，森林覆盖率为5589％，是全省重点林区县之一。近些年来，宜章实现消灭荒山、全面绿化，这些成统的取得，无不凝聚着基层林业工作站全体干部职工的辛勤汗水，说明林业工作站标准化建设取得了实质性的进展。完善基本建设随着林业体制改革的不断深化和造林绿化事业的发展，全县27个乡镇设立了城关…     

加强领导 优化机制 依靠群众 加快造林绿化步伐

加强领导优化机制依靠群众加快造林绿化步伐中共林西县县委书记李向荣林西县辖２２个乡镇，１４５个行政村，总人口２３．４万人，总土地面积３８．６４万公顷，林地面积９．２万公顷，森林覆盖率为２３．９％。建国后，全县人民积极开展植树造林、封山育林活动，造林面积...     

与时俱进努力工作保障六大工程推进五大转变

一、２００２年林业计划财务工作简要回顾２００２年是不平凡的一年，各项林业建设快速推进，六大工程顺利实施，造林绿化步伐显著加快，林业基础设施支撑保障能力进一步提高，林业产业明显提速，林业跨越式发展迈出了坚实的步伐。据电快年报统计，全年完成造林面积７４６．８７万hm２，比上年净增２５１．５３万hm２，首次迈上了年度营造林６６６．７万hm２（１亿亩）的台阶。其中：人工造林６６０．８３万hm２，飞播造林８６．３３万hm２。此外，完成封山育林新封面积３１６．６３万hm２。六大工程完成的造林面积占９５％。全年完成木材产…     

依托资源优势 建设林业大产业

景谷县地跨北回归线，土地宽广肥沃，热量富足，雨量充沛，资源丰富。境内山峦叠嶂，江河纵横，林海莽莽，自然资源得天独厚。以思茅松为主的森林资源是景谷的最大优势。据 １９９６年森林资源二类调查结果显示：在全县７５．５万公顷的土地总面积中，林业用地为５８．３万公顷，占总面积的７７．５％；在林业用地中，有林地面积为５１．５万公顷，占总面积的６８．５％；活立木蓄积量达５ ５１４万立方米，其中，思茅松为４ ８８５万立方米，占总蓄积量的８８．７％；森林覆盖率达７４．７％。全县人均占有林地面积２公顷，拥有活立木蓄积…     

提高施工组织设计编制工作质量的对策

施工组织设计是施工技术和施工管理的有机结合体,是指导施工的重要技术经济文件,其本身的质量对工程建设的成败和经济效益具有决定性的影响。因此,提高施工组织设计编制工作的质量具有重大意义。现对施工阶段施工组织设计编制工作的改进提出一些粗浅的见解。1施工组织设计编     

Lessons for research,capacity development and policy in agroforestry for development

Since its foundation in the 1970’s, agroforestry science has evolved from setting its concepts, research approaches and flagship technologies towards its increasing contribution to ecologically sound land use, food security and income generation in the global North and South. The Third World Congress on Agroforestry held in Delhi in April 2014 continued contributed to this evolution by focusing, beyond the scientific realm, on the implementation of findings by convening ad-hoc stakeholders and subjects. Accordingly, some of the congress sessions dealt with key aspects of how agroforestry can foster and contribute to development. The special issue “Lessons for research, capacity development and policy in agroforestry for development” compiles approaches, experiences and overall lessons from (i) research, (ii) capacity development, and (iii) policy-making, capable to promote and generate developmental change through agroforestry. This introductory paper outlines the rationale for the three areas and the contributing articles.     

Past,present and future land-use in Xishuangbanna,China and the implications for carbon dynamics

Land use/land cover change is an important driver of global change and changes in carbon stocks. Estimating the changes in carbon stocks due to tropical deforestation has been difficult, mainly because of uncertainties in estimating deforestation rates and the biomass in the forest that have been cut. In this study, we combined detailed land-use change over a 27-year period based on satellite images and forest inventory data to estimate changes in biomass carbon stocks in the Xishuangbanna prefecture (1.9 million ha) of China. Xishuangbanna is located in southwestern China in the upper watershed of the Mekong River, and the major forest types are tropical seasonal rain forest, mountain rain forest, and subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest. In the past when the region was completely forested the total biomass carbon would have been approximately 212.65 ± 8.75 Tg C. By 1976 forest cover had been reduced to 70%, and in addition many forests had been degraded resulting in a large decrease in the total biomass carbon stocks (86.97 ± 3.70 Tg C). From 1976 to 2003, the mean deforestation rate was 13 722 ha year⁻¹ (1.12%), and this resulted in the loss of 370,494 ha of forest, and by 2003 total biomass carbon stocks had been reduced to 80.85 ± 2.64 Tg C. The annual carbon emissions due to land-use change, mainly forest conversion to agriculture and rubber plantations, were 0.37 ± 0.03 Tg C year⁻¹ between 1976 and 1988 and 0.13 ± 0.04 Tg C year⁻¹ between 1988 and 2003. During the next 20 years, if rubber plantations expand into forests outside of reserves, shrublands, grasslands, and shifting cultivation below 1500 m the total biomass carbon stocks of Xishuangbanna will decrease to 76.45 ± 1.49 Tg C in 2023. This would reflect a loss of 4.13 ± 1.14 Tg C between 2003 and 2023, or an annual loss of 0.21 ± 0.06 Tg C year⁻¹. Alternatively, if rubber plantations only expand into areas of shifting cultivation below 1500 m, and all areas presently in shrublands and grasslands are allowed to recover into secondary forests, total biomass carbon stock of the region would increase to 92.65 ± 3.80 Tg C in 2023. Under this scenario, the growth of existing forests and the expansion of new forests would result in a net sequestration of 0.60 ± 0.06 Tg C year⁻¹. This study demonstrates that the uncertainty of biomass estimates can be greatly reduced if detailed land-use analyses are combined with forest inventory data, and that slight changes in future land-use practices can have large implications for carbon fluxes.     

Taxonomic,geographic, and diversity trends for exotic plant pests in recent biosurveillance articles

Journal of Pest Science - Some plant protection organizations use biosurveillance to identify heightened risks from exotic plant pests or generally inform safeguarding. Biosurveillance programs...     

云南省瑞丽市民族竹文化资源及其开发建议

云南省瑞丽市竹类资源丰富,竹林景观独特,有着丰富深厚的竹文化底蕴,具有开发竹文化旅游的优势。文章综合分析了瑞丽市的竹文化资源、开发利用中存在的问题,提出了开发竹文化旅游资源的建议。     

Site selection,site preparation,and weed control for Gmelina arborea in western Venezuela

Good site selection, site preparation, and weed control are some of the silvicultural practices that can lead to improved yields, reduced rotation lengths, and increased economic returns for plantations of Gmelina arborea Roxb. (gmelina). Site preparation is the major cost in developing a timber stand and its cost must be carried for the entire rotation. Therefore, it is important to select a cost-effective method that meets the needs of both the site and landowner. Proper site selection for field planting is important due to the influence it has on the development of the plantation. Some of the objectives of site preparation are the reduction of competition, improvement of adverse soil conditions, reduction of future fire hazard and increasing the availability of resources by improving the quality and/or quantity of soil volume exploited by tree roots. The objective of this paper is to review and summarize existing methods of site selection, site preparation and weed control for the establishment of gmelina plantations in west-central Venezuela. Palabras Clave: Silvicultura, Selección del sitio, Preparación de terreno, Control de malezas Resumen. La selección del sitio, preparación del terreno y control de malezas son algunas de las prácticas silviculturales que pueden ser encabezadas para mejorar los redimientos, reducir el turno de rotación e incrementar el retorno económico. La preparación de terreno es la actividad mas costosa en el desarrollo de un rodal de madera y ese costo debe ser llevado hasta el final del turno o cosecha; entonces, es importante seleccionar un método que sea económico, efectivo y que a su vez reúna las necesidades del sitio y del propietario. Una apropiada selección del sitio para el establecimiento de la plantación es importante debido a la contribución que este tiene sobre el buen desarrollo de la plantación. Algunos de los objetivos de la preparación de terreno son la reducción de la competencia; mejorar las condiciones adversas del suelo; reducir el riesgo de incendios; además de incrementar la disponibilidad de recursos a través de un incremento de la calidad y/o cantidad de suelo explotado por las raíces de los arboles. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar y resumir los métodos existentes sobre selección del sitio, preparación de terreno y control de malezas para el establecimiento de plantaciones de Gmelina arborea Roxb. (gmelina) en el centro-occidente de Venezuela.     

Bark beetles,fuels, fires and implications for forest management in the Intermountain West

Bark beetle-caused tree mortality in conifer forests affects the quantity and quality of forest fuels and has long been assumed to increase fire hazard and potential fire behavior. In reality, bark beetles, and their effects on fuel accumulation, and subsequent fire hazard, are poorly understood. We extensively sampled fuels in three bark beetle-affected Intermountain conifer forests and compared these data to existing research on bark beetle/fuels/fire interactions within the context of the disturbance regime. Data were collected in endemic, epidemic and post-epidemic stands of Douglas-fir, lodgepole pine and Engelmann spruce. From these data, we evaluated the influence of bark beetle-caused tree mortality on various fuels characteristics over the course of a bark beetle rotation. The data showed that changes in fuels over time create periods where the potential for high intensity and/or severe fires increases or decreases. The net result of bark beetle epidemics was a substantial change in species composition and a highly altered fuels complex. Early in epidemics there is a net increase in the amount of fine surface fuels when compared to endemic stands. In post-epidemic stands large, dead, woody fuels, and live surface fuels dominate. We then discuss potential fire behavior in bark beetle-affected conifer fuels based on actual and simulated fuels data. Results indicated that for surface fires both rates of fire spread and fireline intensities were higher in the current epidemic stands than in the endemic stands. Rates of spread and fireline intensities were higher in epidemic stands due, however, to decreased vegetative sheltering and its effect on mid-flame wind speed, rather than changes in fuels. Passive crown fires were more likely in post-epidemic stands, but active crown fires were less likely due to decreased aerial fuel continuity. We also discuss the ecological effects of extreme fire behavior. Information is presented on managing forests to reduce the impact of bark beetle outbreaks and the interplay between management, bark beetle populations, fuels and fire hazard and behavior.     

四川竹产业发展机遇、挑战与对策

本文充分论述了我省的竹资源优势、竹产业发展现状、面临的机遇与挑战,基于我省竹产业发展的目标与任务,提出了我省竹产业发展基本对策：建立丰产工业原料林基地,培育优质资源;壮大龙头企业,扶持中小企业;强化技术支撑,实现科技兴竹;做好产业发展规划,加强宏观指导。     

Frequency of consumption,familiarity and preferences for chestnuts in Missouri

A study of frequency of consumption and familiarity with preparing chestnuts was conducted in the state of Missouri from 2003 to 2008. A conjoint analysis of chestnut attributes was completed in 2008 to expand on previous consumer preference research. Information from final consumers was collected during the annual Missouri Chestnut Roast festival at the Horticulture and Agroforestry Research Center in New Franklin, Missouri. The study tracks changes in frequency of consumption and consumer familiarity with preparing chestnuts. The conjoint analysis evaluated pair-wise profiles to quantify the effects of origin, production process and price on consumer preferences. Results show improvements in the frequency of consumption and familiarity with cooking chestnuts in Missouri. Findings suggest the festival has influenced consumption patterns among return visitors. The conjoint analysis identified locality of produce and organic certification to be major drivers behind consumer preferences. Price is also an important attribute influencing consumer preferences. Conjoint analysis results indicate that chestnuts grown in Missouri or the U.S. carrying an organic label can capture price premiums.     

The Summerwood: Springwood Ratio in Conifers: How it arises, varies, and affects end use for timber, board, and paper

A theoretical discussion of variation in summerwood and springwoodcontents among conifers. Three methods of measuring these, bycross-sectional area of logs, by dryweight fibre percentage,and by nominal specific gravity, are compared. High-summerwood tissues have a nominal specific gravity of 0?45or over; low-summerwood tissues have a specific gravity below0?45. All conifers have a low summerwood content in their juvenilewood or core wood formed towards their stem-tips. In Pinus,Larix, and Pseudotsuga the summerwood percentage increases markedlywith age, but only in the outer layers towards the butt; inPicea, Abies, and Tsuga similar increases occur, but high-summerwoodtissues are seldom found. Within any species, and for any particulargrowth rate, low-summerwood tissues are characteristic of regionsof high relative humidity where summer water deficits rarelyoccur, such as high altitudes, far northern latitudes, and themaritime climate of western Britain. High-summerwood tissuesdevelop where summer temperatures are high, with associatedstrong sunshine, low relative humidity, and frequent summerwater deficits. High-summerwood tissues have greater strength in compressionand bending, relative to volume; but low-summerwood tissueshave greater strength relative to their weight. Low-summerwoodmaterial has proved satisfactory for most structural purposes,and for the manufacture of several kinds of artificial board.Its technical properties for the making of many types of paperare excellent, provided high resistance to tearing is not required.Likely summerwood content should guide planting programmes andmarketing policies.