大量使用非常规饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响

试验组A饲料中添加非常规饲料、试验组B在饲料中添加中药添加剂,试验组C在饲料中添加苜蓿草。测定试验各组胴体品质、猪肉风味和品质等各项指标。试验结果表明:平均末重、日增重上差异极显著(P<0.01)。A、B、C3组在中猪期的料肉比和在大猪期的料肉比以及全期的料肉比差异均极显著(P<0.01)。     

中药替代抗生素对育肥猪肉质的影响研究

试验选用45日龄杜长大三元杂种仔猪90头，随机分为3组：A中草药组（试验组）、B苜蓿草组（试验组）和C抗生素组（对照组）。每组设3个重复，每重复10头。试验组A饲料中添加中药，试验组B饲料中添加苜蓿草，试验组C饲料中添加抗生素。试验进行105d，体重达到90kg左右试验结束。进行试验各组胴体品质、猪肉风味和品质等指标的研究。结果表明：中草药组胴体品质和猪肉品质有了明显改善。眼肌面积、口感、嫩度、大理石坟评分、亚麻酸含量A组比B组和C组有明显提高，差异极显著（P〈0.01）。谷氨酸、脯氨酸含量A组比B组和C组有所提高，差异显著（P〈0.05）。膘厚A组比C组降低，差异极显著（P〈001）。肉豆寇酸含量A组比B组和C组低，差异显著（P〈0.05）。     

有机铬制剂对育肥猪生产性能的影响

选取50~60kg左右的长淮二元猪120头,随机分为4组,在A组日粮基础上分别添加0.1、0.2、0.5mg/kg吡啶甲酸铬,为B、C、D组。试验结果表明料重比,4组差异不大;日增重,B、C、D组较A组分别提高了4.71%、7.80%、7.23%,差异显著(P<0.05);瘦肉率,B、C、D组较A组分别提高了4.27%、8.68%、8.01%,差异显著(P<0.05);眼肌面积,B、C、D组较A组分别提高了6.12%、14.06%、11.80%,差异极显著(P<0.01);第十肋背膘厚,B、C、D组较A组分别降低了13.36%、20.55%、18.49%,差异极显著(P<0.01)。日粮中以添加0.2mg/kg吡啶甲酸铬效果最好。     

大量使用非常规饲料对育肥猪生产性能的影响

试验组A饲料中添加非常规饲料、试验组B在饲料中添加中药添加剂。试验组C在饲料中添加苜蓿草。测定试验各组胴体品质、猪肉风味和品质等各项指标。试验结果表明：平均末重、日增重上差异极显著（P〈0．01）。A、B、C3组在中猪期的料肉比和在大猪期的料肉比以及全期的料肉比差异均极显著（P〈0．01）。     

青蒿提取物作为饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

试验将青蒿提取物作为饲料添加剂饲喂断奶仔猪。结果发现:试验组D平均日增重分别比对照组A、试验组B和试验组C提高了23.81%、18.18%、26.83%,差异极显著(P<0.01);对照组A、试验组B、试验组C之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组D平均日采食量分别比对照组A、试验组B、试验组C提高了19.48%、15.00%2、4.32%,差异极显著(P<0.01),试验组A、B、C平均日采食量差异不显著。试验组D料重比比对照组A、试验组B、试验组C下降了3.28%2、.74%、1.67%,差异显著(P<0.05),试验组A、B、C三组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

中草药替代抗生素对育肥猪血液指标的影响

选择90只体重相近,45日龄的健康杂种仔猪,随机分为3组,每组30只。试验组A仔猪日粮中添加0.1%中草药添加剂,试验组B添加苜蓿草,对照组C添加抗生素。试验表明:A组仔猪的血清钙含量和GPT活性极显著地高于B组和C组(P<0.01),血清钾含量和ALP活性极显著地高于C组(P<0.01);A组仔猪的TG3含量极显著地低于C组(P<0.01),CHOL含量显著低于B组和C组(P<0.05),HDL和TBIL含量极显著地低于B组和C组(P<0.01)。     

双乙酸钠在肉鸭日粮中的添饲效果试验

试验以樱桃谷肉鸭为研究对象,进行了不同双乙酸钠添加水平的饲养对比试验,试验分三组,A为基础日粮,B、C分别添加0.2%、0.4%的双乙酸钠。结果表明:日粮中添加双乙酸钠对肉鸭日增重、瘦肉率有显著影响(P<0.05);对肉鸭的饲料转化率有极显著影响(P<0.01);对肉鸭的成活率和屠宰率、皮脂率无显著影响(P>0.05),B组日增重比A组提高了8.65%(P<0.05),比C组提高了5.45%(P>0.05);B组料肉比较A组降低了11.52%(P<0.01),较C组降低了3.29%(P<0.05);B组的成活率与A组、C组间差异不显著(P>0.05);B组每只肉鸭分别比A、C组多盈利1.04元、1.06元。     

不同丙酸含量的防霉剂对饲料防霉效果的影响

饲料霉变是一个非常普通的现象,防止饲料霉变也是重点研究之一。通过添加30%、25%、20%、15%、0%丙酸含量的防霉剂分别设为A、B、C、D和E组,试验期50天,前20天测量饲料温度的变化,试验全期观察饲料霉变情况并进行霉菌计数。结果表明:前20天饲料温度变化曲线相似,差异不显著(P>0.05);随着饲料中丙酸含量的降低,防霉效果逐渐变差,试验A组防霉效果最好,试验D组效果最差,A组与D组比较差异显著(P<0.05);从霉菌的生长情况来看,不添加防霉剂的生长速度最快最多,试验A组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),试验B组和试验C组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),试验D组与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),试验A组与试验D组差异显著(P<0.05),其它各试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料中丙酸含量高的防霉剂其防霉效果要好。     

芦荟、蜂胶作为饲料添加剂对肉犬生产性能的影响

为阐明芦荟和蜂胶作为饲料添加剂替代抗生素在肉犬养殖上的应用效果,选择45条体况良好、无疾病,体重相近(P>0.05),出生一月龄的雄性苏联红×土犬杂交一代肉犬随机分成A、B、C3组,A、B组分别添加芦荟和芦荟+蜂胶,C组为对照组,添加抗生素。对芦荟和蜂胶作为饲料添加剂与抗生素在肉犬产肉性能、饲料利用率、胴体品质等的影响等方面进行了对比试验,试验结果表明:经过114d的饲养试验,增重和平均日增重无明显差异(P>0.05),但A、B组较C组呈现出了上升的趋势。在幼犬期,B组的粗脂肪消化率比A组提高了6.89%(P<0.05);A组的粗纤维消化率比C组提高了21.09%(P<0.05);其他各种成分的消化率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在育肥期,A组的粗脂肪消化率比C组提高了18.74%(P<0.05);A、B组的粗纤维消化率分别比C组提高了12.36%和12.67%(P<0.05);其他各种成分的消化率差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在胴体品质影响方面,B组的眼肌面积测定结果分别比A、C组提高了19.83%和26.55%(P<0.05)。     

枯草芽孢杆菌制剂在奶牛生产上的应用研究

选取生理状况基本相似的黑白花奶牛24头,对照组A,试验组B、C、D,分别在基础日粮的水平上添加不同剂量的枯草芽孢杆菌微生态制剂,分别统计不同时期各组的产奶量和奶成份。结果表明,试验组B、C、D产奶量分别增加3.07%、23.30%和19.80%,C组、D组与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01);试验期间试验组比同期对照组脂肪增加,经t检验D组差异显著(P<0.05);蛋白质在试验后比试验前增加,其中D组增长3.09%,C组增长0.7%。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。