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循环流水水产养殖可持续发展特性探讨 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
水产养殖是农业生产的重要组成部分 ,在过去的五十年中得到了迅猛发展。在现代科技的支持下 ,水产养殖有望成为继种植业之后的第二大食物产业。但传统的养殖方式由于技术和管理问题 ,已越来越暴露出不可持续生产的局限性 ,不但自身受到暴发性流行病的困扰 ,生产效益的持续性得不到保证 ,而且还存在破坏生态环境和浪费资源 (水、饵料等 )等弊端。如何对旧的生产方式进行改革 ,在有限的资源条件下 ,进一步提高水产养殖生产水平 ,同时又保护和改善生态环境 ,实现可持续发展 ,是现代水产养殖所面临的最严峻的挑战。可持续发展是社会、经济发展和… 相似文献
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循环流水水产养殖系统接种商品硝化菌的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
与接种成熟滤料等方法相比,利用商品硝化菌接种生物滤器来源广泛,操作简便。本文使用一种商业上已取得一定成功的商品硝化菌液接种循环流水水产养殖系统试验模型的生物滤器。试验开始时定期接人20mL菌液(细菌含量1.5×10~10CFU·mL~(-1))以处理400g饲料产生的4.27mg·L~(-1)氨氮(TAN),12d后TAN浓度低于0.05mg·L~(-1),20d后NO_2~- -N浓度降至同样水平。在为期30d的检验期中,系统内养殖2.15kg·m~(-3)淡水白鲳,日喂饲率2%。期间养殖池TAN最大值0.465mg-L~(-1),最小值0.393mg·L~(-1),平均值0.427±0.019mg·L~(-1);NO_2~- -N最大值0.062mg·L~(-1),最小值0.038mg·L~(-1),平均值0.052±0.007mg·L~(-1);EC呈线性上升状态,每周增加32.8 μs·cm~(-1);而pH呈线性下降,每周降低0.24。系统结束时生物滤器含细菌8.65×10~6CFU·mL~(-1),水质除TP超标外,其余指标均符合我国淡水水产养殖水质标准,在2.1%~1.4%的日喂饲率下淡水白鲳日增重为1.91g,饲料系数1.164。 相似文献
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闭合循环水产养殖系统生产过程中生物过滤器功能的形成 总被引:15,自引:2,他引:13
生物过滤器对维持闭合循环水产养殖系统水质稳定起着核心的作用。生物过滤器存使用之前需要对生物膜进行培养、驯化,使生物过滤器有充分的硝化能力。生物过滤器硝化功能的建立一般需要较长的时间,淡水需要14~20d海水需要40~80d。在生产中因会产生较高浓度的氨氮、亚硝酸氮对饲养对象产生不良影响,增加养殖风险。 相似文献
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本文从经济学的观点,探讨国外水产综合养殖系统模式的生态效益和经济效益,并讨论了生物、经济等因素对水产综合养殖系统效益的影响,以及今后的研究方向。综合养殖生态效益和经济效益降低生产成本:土地、池塘的建造是池塘养鱼业的基本投资。饲料或肥料通常都是精养中最重要的支出。综合养殖系统最直接的效益,就是节省饲料或肥料。例如,我国香港地区鱼—鸭综合养殖系统,比单养鱼节省 相似文献
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R.J. Fuller 《渔业现代化》2007,34(6):38-38
为减少小型再循环养殖系统为维持水温而对常规能源的需求,人们对使用被动式和主动式太阳能技术始终抱有兴趣。本文描述了一个仿真模型的使用,该模型可预测一个置于双层聚乙烯温室中的10.6m^3的再循环养殖系统(RAS)在两种不同气候状态下的年常规能源消耗量。水温维持在22.5℃,每天的循环率是池水的10%;温室组合了简单的无釉太阳能收集器,以进一步减少能源消耗。对增加太阳能收集器的面积对太阳能保证率和有效能利用的影响进行了预测。最后,该模型用于研究温室内罩的冷凝现象,换气次数和能源消耗之间的关系。 相似文献
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通过对高职水产养殖技术专业生产实践教学中存在问题的分析,提出高职水产养殖专业生产实践教学考核体系的构建原则,对于加强高职水产养殖技术专业及其他农业类专业的生产实践教学具有重要意义。 相似文献
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刍议HACCP体系在水产养殖中的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
一、HACCP体系简介1 .体系的概念HACCP(危害分析和关键控制点 )体系是国际上公认的食品安全卫生保证体系。它通过对影响食品安全的显著危害加以识别、评估和控制 ,保证食品在整个生产过程中免受可能发生的生物、化学、物理因素的危害。该体系强调对危害的预防 ,而不是主要依赖于最终产品的检验 ,可以应用于从初级生产到最终消费的整个食品产业链中。HACCP概念于二十世纪 60年代由美国的H .Bauman博士最早提出。当时H .Bauman博士所在的Pillsbury公司正为美国太空计划生产并提供宇航食品。他认为公司… 相似文献
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封闭式循环流水养鱼系统水质循环过滤单元概述 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7
封闭式循环流水养鱼又称工业化、工厂化养鱼,是水产养殖业在向现代化、企业化、规模化方向发展过程中产生的一种新的养殖方式,它充分运用现代先进技术和手段,可以人工控制鱼类的生活环境,使养鱼过程完全摆脱自然环境条件的限制,从而实现了高密度、高产量和高效率的渔业生产。我国从20世纪70年代开始研究工厂化养 相似文献
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Robin K. King Stephen A. Smith Merle D. Pierson Gregory D. Boardman Charles W. Coale Jr. 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):79-92
ABSTRACT Pathogenic microorganisms may be incorporated into biofilms found in aquaculture systems, causing recurring exposure to potential disease agents. Aerobic plate counts, the presence of Enterobacteriaceae, and the presence of Escherichia coli, modified to express a green fluorescent protein (GFP E. coli), was used to evaluate the effectiveness of various sanitizers in decreasing bacterial incorporation into newly generated biofilms in recirculating aquaculture systems. Disks of Buna-N rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated PVC, glass, fiberglass, and stainless steel were placed in aquariums stocked with Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. The effectiveness of water, an alkaline cleanser, sodium hypochlorite, a quaternary ammonium compound, or peracetic acid as a sanitizer was evaluated on each substrate by enumerating total plate counts, GFP E. coli, and Enterobacteriaceae. Sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid were the most effective sanitizers, with an overall percentage reduction of GFP E. coli of approximately 2 logs10. The quaternary ammonium compound was moderately effective, 1 log10, against the target organisms. Water demonstrated a 2 log10 reduction of the total plate count, suggesting that some mechanical cleaning was achieved. The type of material used as substrate for the biofilm had no significant (P?>?0.05) effect on the effectiveness of the sanitizers. 相似文献
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欧洲循环水养殖技术综述 总被引:8,自引:4,他引:8
综述了欧洲封闭循环水养殖业概况,介绍了欧洲循环水养殖在鱼类养殖中的应用和欧洲循环水养殖工艺及其特点,提出了几点对我国发展水产养殖业的借鉴意见。 相似文献
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Recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) are intensive fish production systems, with reduced use of water and land. However, their high energy requirement is a drawback, which increases both operational costs and the potential impacts created by the use of fossil fuels. Energy use in RAS has been studied indirectly and/or mentioned in several publications. Nevertheless, its importance and impacts have not been studied. In aiming to achieve economic and environmentally sustainable production a compromise has to be found between water use, waste discharge, energy consumption and productivity. The current review discusses published studies about energy use and RAS designs efficiencies. Moreover, with the aim of making an industry baseline study a survey about the energy use in commercial scale RAS was conducted. The design of more efficient and less energy dependent RAS is presented, including optimized unit processes, system integration and equipment selection. The main conclusions are: fossil based fuels are less cost-effective than renewable energies; energy is of little concern for the majority of the industry, and renewable energies are of potential use in RAS. 相似文献
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While global aquaculture is expanding rapidly, the United States (U.S.) and East Africa (EA) Great Lakes region have experienced slower growth. Aquaculture education is integral to overcoming existing limitations and accelerating production in these regions and worldwide. Toward this goal, an open access educational recirculating aquaculture system (ERAS) was designed to meet the differential objectives of aquaculture education in the U.S. and EA and trialed within educational institutions. Key ERAS design considerations were cost, operation, size, component availability, and construction. A secondary aspect of ERAS design was flexibility and application to different learning objectives. Over the trial period, two potential educational uses emerged: (1) to build student awareness of aquaculture and its importance in the food system, and (2) to teach practical aquaculture skills necessary for aquaculture careers. Construction and assembly guides for the educational ERAS will be offered open source through the University of Massachusetts Amherst aquaculture extension website. 相似文献
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观测研究了七带石斑鱼(Epinephelus septemfasciatus)幼鱼和云纹石斑鱼(Epinephelus moara)幼鱼在封闭式循环养殖系统中的生长特性,用SPSS 17.0软件中的Curve Estimation对相关数据进行模型分析与参数估计。结果表明,经过122 d的养殖,七带石斑鱼幼鱼平均体质量由(114.836±25.343)g增加到(213.861±38.604)g,相对增长率为0.707%,全长(TL)与养殖时间(t)的函数关系式为TL=-0.006t3+1.622t+13.954,体质量(W)与体长(BL)的关系式为W=0.436BL2.055;云纹石斑鱼幼鱼平均体质量由(79.620±13.007)g增加到(238.086±46.307)g,相对增长率为1.631%,全长(TL)与养殖时间(t)的函数关系式为TL=-0.013t2+2.008t+11.540,体质量(W)与体长(BL)的关系式为W=0.018BL3.083。两种幼鱼丰满度生长差异不显著(P0.05),都保持在2.2-3.4之间。 相似文献