Organic Amendment Effects on Microbial Population and Microbial Biomass Carbon in the Rhizosphere Soil of Soybean

The aim of the study was to determine microbial populations and microbial biomass carbon in the rhizosphere soil of soybean cultivated under different organic treatments: plant compost (PC), vermicompost (VER), farmyard manure (FYM), and integrated plant compost (IPC). The serial dilution plate method was employed to enumerate the rhizosphere soil fungi and bacteria. Results showed that microbial populations and biomass carbon were affected by the application of organic amendments. Fungal population was the greatest in the VER plot for two crop cycles, whereas bacterial population was the greatest in the VER in the first crop cycle and FYM for the second crop cycle. Tukey's test at P ≤ 0.05 showed that change in microbial biomass carbon in the sites studied over time was significant, with the greatest in FYM. In our study, addition of organic amendments affected the soil physicochemical properties, which in return affected the rhizosphere microbial characteristics.     

改良剂对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响

基于室内模拟培养试验,研究改良剂(生物质炭、过氧化钙)对旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮的影响。试验设置4个处理,即CK、Ca(过氧化钙,1.72g/kg)、C(生物质炭,21.46g/kg)、C+Ca。结果表明:各处理土壤微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳具有相同的变化趋势,即前期(3d内)都增加较快,在第3天达到最大值,随试验进行有所下降,配施效果优于单施。各处理可溶性有机氮在21d内缓慢增加;第21天时,C+Ca、Ca、C相比CK分别显著增加了62.1%,55.5%,40.9%;35d以后,配施(C+Ca)与单施过氧化钙(Ca)的效果显著优于单施生物质炭(C)和对照(CK)。120d培养期内,配施(C+Ca)处理能够明显提高微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳、氮的平均含量;微生物量碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCCKCa,微生物量氮的平均含量C+Ca处理显著高于其他处理;可溶性有机碳的平均含量大小顺序为C+CaCaCCK,可溶性有机氮的平均含量C+Ca、Ca处理显著高于CK、C处理。微生物量碳、氮以及可溶性有机碳之间互为极显著正相关(P0.01),而微生物量碳与可溶性有机氮之间呈极显著负相关。因此,生物质炭和过氧化钙能有效提高旱地红壤微生物量碳、氮及可溶性有机碳、氮,且生物质炭与过氧化钙配合施用更有助于土壤改良。     

添加生物质炭对红壤水稻土有机碳矿化和微生物生物量的影响

通过室内培育试验,研究了添加生物质炭对江西红壤水稻土有机碳矿化和微生物生物量碳、氮含量的影响。结果表明:红壤有机碳矿化速率在培育第2天达最大值后迅速降低,培养7天后下降缓慢并趋于平稳;添加生物质炭降低了土壤有机碳的矿化速率和累积矿化量,培养结束时,不加生物质炭的对照处理中有机碳的累积矿化量分别比添加0.5%和1.0%生物质炭的处理高10.0%和10.8%。此外,生物质炭的加入显著提高了土壤微生物生物量,添加0.5%生物质炭处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量分别比对照高111.5%～250.6%和11.6%～97.6%,添加1.0%生物质炭处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、氮含量分别比对照高58.9%～243.6%和55.9%～110.4%。相同处理中,干旱的水分条件下(40%田间持水量)微生物生物量要高于湿润的水分条件(70%田间持水量)。同时,添加0.5%和1.0%的生物质炭使土壤代谢熵分别降低2.4%和26.8%,微生物商减少了43.7%和31.7%。     

Soil microbial activity after restoration of a semiarid soil by organic amendments

Unsuitable agricultural practices together with adverse environmental conditions have led to degradation of soil in many Mediterranean areas. One method for recovering degraded soils in semiarid regions, is to add organic matter in order to improve soil characteristics, thereby enhancing biogeochemical nutrient cycles. In this study, the effect of adding the organic fraction of urban wastes (both fresh and composted) on different carbon fractions and on microbiological and biochemical parameters (microbial biomass C, basal respiration and different enzymatic activities) of a degraded soil of SE Spain has been assessed in a 2 year experiment. Three months after the addition of the organic material, spontaneous plant growth occurred and the plant cover lasted until the end of the experiment. Organic soil amendment initially increased the levels of soil organic matter, microbial biomass, basal respiration and some enzyme activities related to the C and N cycles These values decreased but always remained higher than those of the unamended soil. The results indicate that the addition of urban organic waste is beneficial for recovering degraded soils, the microbial activity of which clearly increases with amendment. The incorporation of compost seemed to have a greater positive effect on the soil characteristics studied than the incorporation of fresh organic matter.     

长期施肥对砂姜黑土可溶性碳淋溶的影响

研究施肥对砂姜黑土可溶性碳淋溶的影响,对有机肥的可持续利用有重要意义。该研究依托33 a的长期试验,分析常规施肥（MF）、化肥+低量小麦秸秆（MFL）、化肥+高量小麦秸秆（MFH）、化肥+猪粪（MFP）和化肥+牛粪（MFC）等施肥方式对土壤剖面（0～60 cm）理化性质、微生物性状、可溶性有机碳（Dissolved Organic Carbon,DOC）和可溶性无机碳（Dissolved Inorganic Carbon,DIC）含量与分布的影响,探寻可持续的有机肥利用方式。结果表明,长期增施有机肥后0～60 cm剖面各土层有机碳、微生物量碳、氮均有不同程度提升,而对土壤全氮、容重和pH值的影响主要发生在0～20 cm表层。与MF处理相比,增施有机肥后0～20和>20～40 cm土层DOC含量均有显著（P <0.05）提高,而对>40～60 cm土层无显著影响。相对而言,0～60 cm各土层DIC的含量均有显著提升。长期增施有机肥后0～60 cm各土层DOC的UV280吸收值和芳香性指数分别较MF处理均有显著提高,其中以MFC处理最为显著,0～20、>20～40和>40～60 cm土层DOC的芳香性指数分别提高71.2%、153.3%和38.1%,这说明长期增施有机肥后土壤剖面DOC结构发生明显改变,芳香化合物含量提高,化合物结构变得更加复杂。逐步线性回归模型表明,土壤剖面DOC和DIC分布主要受pH值和微生物量碳的共同影响,且pH值的影响强度大于微生物量碳,而土壤剖面DOC化学结构受微生物量碳的影响。总体而言,外源有机物料投入的类型和数量是影响土壤剖面可溶性碳分布的重要措施,长期增施农家肥的碳淋失风险高于秸秆还田。     

长期施肥处理对玉米生长期潮土微生物生物量和活度的影响

以1989年建立的中国科学院封丘农田生态系统国家试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究经18a连续不同施肥处理后玉米季土壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的动态变化及其与土壤有机碳之间的相互关系,并探讨施肥措施对土壤微生物及其活性的影响。施肥处理包括:(1)有机肥(OM);(2)1/2化肥和1/2有机肥(1/2OM+1/2NPK);(3)氮磷钾肥(NPK);(4)氮磷肥(NP);(5)磷钾肥(PK);(6)氮钾肥(NK);(7)不施肥,即对照(CK)7个处理。结果表明,微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度在玉米生长期内均有明显的时间变异性,其中微生物生物量碳与微生物活度的动态变化比较一致,其间的极显著相关关系表明潮土微生物生物量碳的变化可以在很大程度上代表土壤微生物活度的变化。施肥制度显著影响微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的变化,总体趋势为OM1/2OM+1/2NPKNPKNPPKNKCK,表明OM有利于保持土壤的生物化学环境及促进土壤的生物学活性;与OM处理相比,化学肥料的长期施用有降低土壤微生物生物量和微生物活度的趋势,尤其是缺素处理的表现更为明显,其中以缺磷处理的表现最为严重。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、微生物活度与土壤有机碳变化均呈极显著正相关。     

挪威北部土壤微生物活性的季节变化

Seasonal development of soil microbial activity and bacterial biomass in sub-polar regions was investigated to determine the impacts of biotic and abiotic factors, such as organic matter content, temperature and moisture. The study was performed during spring thaw from three cultivated meadows and two non-cultivated forest sites near Alta, in northern Norway. Samples from all five sites showed increasing respiration rates directly after the spring thaw with soil respiration activity best related to soil organic matter content. However, distributions of bacteria] biomass showed fewer similarities to these two parameters. This could be explained by variations of litter exploitation through the biomass. Microbial activity started immediately after the thaw while root growth had a longer time lag. An influence of root development on soil microbes was proposed for sites where microorganisms and roots had a tight relationship caused by a more intensive root structure. Also a reduction of microbial activity due to soil compaction in the samples from a wheel track could not be observed under laboratory conditions. New methodological approaches of differential staining for live and dead organisms were applied in order to follow changes within the microbial community. Under laboratory conditions freeze and thaw cycles showed a damaging influence on parts of the soil bacteria. Additionally, different patterns for active vs. non-active bacteria were noticeable after freeze-thaw cycles.     

黄土高原半干旱地区撂荒地次生植被演替过程中土壤微生物活性研究

To show the vegetation succession interaction with soil properties, microbial biomass, basal respiration, and enzyme activities in different soil layers (0--60 cm) were determined in six lands, i.e., 2-, 7-, 11-, 20-, 43-year-old abandoned lands and one native grassland, in a semiarid hilly area of the Loess Plateau. The results indicated that the successional time and soil depths affected soil microbiological parameters significantly. In 20-cm soil layer, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), MBC/MBN, MBC to soil organic carbon ratio (MBC/SOC), and soil basal respiration tended to increase with successional stages but decrease with soil depths. In contrast, metabolic quotient (qCO2) tended to decrease with successional stages but increase with soil depths. In addition, the activities of urease, catalase, neutral phosphatase, β-fructofuranosidase, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) enzyme increased with successional stages and soil depths. They were significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass and SOC (P < 0.05), whereas no obvious trend was observed for the polyphenoloxidase activity. The results indicated that natural vegetation succession could improve soil quality and promote ecosystem restoration, but it needed a long time under local climate conditions.     

Microbial Activity Is Constrained by the Quality of Carbon and Nitrogen under Long-term Saline Water Irrigation

Most important, yet least understood, question, how microbial activity in soil under saline water irrigation responds to carbon (C) varying qualitatively (most labile form to extreme recalcitrant form) with or without maintaining C/N ratio was investigated in an incubation experiment. Soil samples from a long-term saline-water (electrical conductivity, EC ≈ 0, 6, and 12 dS m^?1)- irrigated field were incorporated with three different C substrates, viz., glucose, rice straw (RS), and biochar with or without nitrogen (N as ammonium sulfate, NH₄SO₄) and were incubated at 25 °C for 56 days. Cumulative respiration (CR), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), and dehydrogenase activity (DEA) concentrations decreased with increasing EC (P < 0.05), but less so in soils amended with glucose followed by RS and biochar. The addition of N to soils amended with different C substrates significantly decreased CR, MBC, DEA, and available phosphorus (P) concentrations at a given EC level.     

喀斯特高原典型小流域土壤有机碳及其组分的分布特征

以贵州省清镇王家寨为喀斯特高原典型样区,采用网格布点法,调查研究了土壤总有机碳（SOC）、可溶性有机碳（DOC）和微生物生物量碳（MBC）的分布特征。研究结果表明：灌木林地表层土壤SOC、DOC和MBC含量分别为56.86、68.74mg·kg^-1和264.12mg·kg^-1,均显著高于旱地与水田（P〈0.05）;各土地利用方式表层土壤微生物熵（MBC/SOC）值处于0.45%～0.55%之间,土地利用方式对土壤SOC及其组分均有显著影响。协方差分析表明,土壤MBC受土地利用方式和pH的影响较大,土壤SOC和DOC受海拔高度的影响较大。不同土地利用方式下土壤SOC与MBC无相关性,而DOC与MBC的相关性正负各异。3种土地利用方式剖面土壤中,灌木林地0～30cm各土层MBC含量差异显著（P〈0.05）,水田20～30cm土层DOC含量显著低于0～20cm各土层。表层（0～10cm）土壤SOC密度以灌木林地最大,但旱地（155.97t·hm^-2）和水田（107.92t·hm^-2）1m以内土体的有机碳密度显著高于（P〈0.05）灌木林地（76.14t·hm^-2）,结合土层厚度,水田与旱地有机碳储量高于灌木林地。研究表明加强保护灌木林地,对农耕地实行秸秆还田,将有利于区域土壤有机碳的积累和区域生态的恢复,维持区域的可持续发展。     

PH对红壤微生物生物量碳和生物量磷的影响

The impact of pH changes on microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) and microbial biomass phosphorus (Pmic) were examined for 3 red soils under citrus production with different lengths of cultivation. Soil pH significantly affected Cmic and Pmic. The Cmie and Pmic changes, as a function of soil pH, appeared to follow a normal distribution with the original soil pH value at the apex and as pH increased or decreased compared to the original soil pH, Cmic and Pmic declined. Moreover, there were critical pH values at both extremes (3.0 on the acidic side and 8.0 to 8.5 on the alkaline side), beyond which most of microorganisms could never survive. The effect of pH on Cmic and Pmic was also related to the original soil pH. The higher the original soil pH was, the less Cmic or Pmic were affected by pH change. It is suggested that soil microorganisms that grow in a soil environment with a more neutral soil pH range (i.e. pH 5.5-7.5) may have a greater tolerance to pH changes than those growing in more acidic or more alkaline soil pH conditions.     

Microbial use of organic amendments in saline soils monitored by changes in the C/C ratio

An incubation experiment was carried out to investigate whether salinity at high pH has negative effects on microbial substrate use, i.e. the mineralization of the amendment to CO₂ and inorganic N and the incorporation of amendment C into microbial biomass C. In order to exploit natural differences in the ¹³C/¹²C ratio, substrate from two C₄ plants, i.e. highly decomposed and N-rich sugarcane filter cake and less decomposed N-poor maize leaf straw, were added to two alkaline Pakistani soils differing in salinity, which had previously been cultivated with C₃ plants. In soil 1, the additional CO₂ evolution was equivalent to 65% of the added amount in the maize straw treatment and to 35% in the filter cake treatment. In the more saline soil 2, the respective figures were 56% and 32%. The maize straw amendment led to an identical immobilization of approximately 48 μg N g⁻¹ soil over the 56-day incubation in both soils compared with the control soils. In the filter cake treatment, the amount of inorganic N immobilized was 8.5 μg N g⁻¹ higher in soil 1 than in soil 2 compared with the control soils. In the control treatment, the content of microbial biomass C₃-C in soil 1 was twice that in soil 2 throughout the incubation. This fraction declined by about 30% during the incubation in both soils. The two amendments replaced initially similar absolute amounts of the autochthonous microbial biomass C, i.e. 50% of the original microbial biomass C in soil 1 and almost 90% in soil 2. The highest contents of microbial biomass C₄-C were equivalent to 7% (filter cake) and 11% (maize straw) of the added C. In soil 2, the corresponding values were 14% lower. Increasing salinity had no direct negative effects on microbial substrate use in the present two soils. Consequently, the differences in soil microbial biomass contents are most likely caused indirectly by salinity-induced reduction in plant growth rather than directly by negative effects of salinity on soil microorganisms.     

Human disturbance affects enzyme activity,microbial biomass and organic carbon in tropical dry sub-humid pasture and forest soils

ABSTRACT

The Brazilian dry forest occupies an area of about 1 million km² approximately 46% of which has been deforested. Many studies have been done on the effects of this on productivity and soil chemical attributes. However, little is known about soil enzymatic activity, which is sensitive to environmental changes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of deforestation using different levels of human disturbance on soil enzyme activities, organic carbon content, microbial biomass, and microbial community. We studied areas covered with forest (TDF), old grass (OG), or new grass (NG). Soils from NG had increased microorganisms, which restored important processes related to carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen cycling, so that they resembled those in the forested area. The results of this study showed that the conversion of forest to pasture with a high level of human disturbance could decrease the activities of β-glucosidase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, and fluorescein diacetate in the soil by up to 87%, 66%, 62%, and 58%, respectively. These findings suggest that human disturbance can cause substantial changes in the enzymatic activity and microbial community in the soil. We suggest that maintaining grass pasture with low human disturbance should have fewer impacts on soil quality.     

Rapid and sensitive determination of microbial activity in soils and in soil aggregates by dimethylsulfoxide reduction

Summary Based on the reduction of dimethylusulfoxide (DMSO) to dimethylsulfide (DMS) by microorganisms, a simple, rapid, sensitive and inexpensive method for the determination of microbial activity in soil samples was developed. When DMSO was added to samples, DMS appeared immediately in the gas phase, which was quantitatively analyzed by gas chromatography. The DMS liberation rate was constant for several hours. The reaction immediately starts and its linearity indicate that neither the physiological state nor the number of organisms were changed by the assay. DMSO reduction is widespread among microorganisms; out of 144 strains tested (both fungi and bacteria) only 5 were unable to carry out this reaction. The reaction in soil samples was strongly inhibited by toluene, cyanide, azide, or by fumigation, but was considerably stimulated by glucose. These findings demonstrate that the reaction was due to the activity of microorganisms. The DMSO reduction in different soil samples was significantly correlated with arginine ammonification and heat output (r>0.9). A good correlation was observed with the organic-matter content (r = 0.74), but not with microbial numbers, clay content, or the pH of the soil. Standard deviations of less than 10% were routinely found. Furthermore, the method is sufficiently sensitive to allow measurements of activity in very small samples (< 0.1 g). For example, a microbial activity profile can be established for a single soil aggregate, revealing marked differences in activity on the outside and in the interior.     

Seasonal responses in microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and sulphur in soils under pasture

The response of the soil microbial biomass to seasonal changes was investigated in the field under pastures. These studies showed that over a 9-month period, microbial biomass carbon, phosphorus and sulphur (biomass C, P, S), and their ratios (C:P, C:S, and P:S) responded differently to changes in soil moisture and to the input of fresh organic materials. From October to December (1993), when plant residues were largely incorporated into the soils, biomass C and S increased by 150–210%. Biomass P did not increase over this time, having decreased by 22–64% over the dry summer (July to September). There was no obvious correlation between biomass C, P, and S and air temperature. The largest amounts of biomass C and P (2100–2300μg and 150–190μgg^–1 soil, respectively) were found in those soils receiving farmyard manure (FYM or FYM+NPK) and P fertilizer, whereas the use of ammonium sulphate decreased biomass C and P. The C:P, C:S, and P:S ratios of the biomass varied considerably (9–276:1; 50–149:1; and 0.3–14:1, respectively) with season and fertilizer regime. This reflected the potential for the biomass to release (when ratios were narrow) or to immobilize (wide ratios) P and S at different times of the year. Thus, seasonal responses in biomass C, P, and S are important in controlling the cycling of C, P, and S in pasture and ultimately in regulating plant availability of P and S. The uptake of P in the pasture was well correlated with the sum of P in the biomass and soil available pools. Thus, the simultaneous measurement of microbial biomass P and available P provide useful information on the potential plant availability of P. Received: 25 May 1996     

Influence of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments on soil organic matter and soil microbial properties under tropical conditions

 Soil organic matter level, mineralizable C and N, microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities were studied in soils from a field experiment under a pearl millet-wheat cropping sequence receiving inorganic fertilizers and a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments for the last 11 years. The amounts of soil organic matter and mineralizable C and N increased with the application of inorganic fertilizers. However, there were greater increases of these parameters when farmyard manure, wheat straw or Sesbania bispinosa green manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Microbial biomass C increased from 147 mg kg^–1 soil in unfertilized soil to 423 mg kg^–1 soil in soil amended with wheat straw and inorganic fertilizers. The urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of soils increased significantly with a combination of inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments. The results indicate that soil organic matter level and soil microbial activities, vital for the nutrient turnover and long-term productivity of the soil, are enhanced by use of organic amendments along with inorganic fertilizers. Received: 6 May 1998     

Tillage effects on microbial biomass and nutrient distribution in soils under rain-fed corn production in central-western Mexico

Quantifying how tillage systems affect soil microbial biomass and nutrient cycling by manipulating crop residue placement is important for understanding how production systems can be managed to sustain long-term soil productivity. Our objective was to characterize soil microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and nutrient distribution in soils (Vertisols, Andisols, and Alfisols) under rain-fed corn (Zea mays L.) production from four mid-term (6 years) tillage experiments located in central-western, Mexico. Treatments were three tillage systems: conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT) and no tillage (NT). Soil was collected at four locations (Casas Blancas, Morelia, Apatzingán and Tepatitlán) before corn planting, at depths of 0–50, 50–100 and 100–150 mm. Conservation tillage treatments (MT and NT) significantly increased crop residue accumulation on the soil surface. Soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, potential N mineralization, total N, and extractable P were highest in the surface layer of NT and decreased with depth. Soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, total N and extractable P of plowed soil were generally more evenly distributed throughout the 0–150 mm depth. Potential N mineralization was closely associated with organic C and microbial biomass. Higher levels of soil organic C, microbial biomass C and N, potential N mineralization, total N, and extractable P were directly related to surface accumulation of crop residues promoted by conservation tillage management. Quality and productivity of soils could be maintained or improved with the use of conservation tillage.     

Effect of novaluron on microbial biomass,respiration, and fluorescein diacetate-hydrolyzing activity in tropical soils

The aim of this study was to assess the potential harmful effects of novaluron on soil microbiological parameters in clay loam alluvial soil (Typic udifluvent) and coastal saline soil (Typic endoaquept) under controlled laboratory tests. The applications of novaluron were made at or above the recommended rates, which includes field rate (FR), two times (2FR), and ten times (10FR) the FR. The laboratory incubation study was carried out at 60% of maximum water holding capacity of soils and at 30°C. Novaluron application rate even up to 10FR resulted in a short-lived and transitory toxic effect on soil microbial biomass C and fluorescein diacetate-hydrolyzing activity. Microbial metabolic quotient changed but for a short period. It can be concluded that novaluron had a transient and negligible harmful effect on the soil microbiological parameters studied at higher rates than those usually used in the field.     

Root activity and carbon metabolism in soils

Summary Two different soils were amended with ¹⁴C-labelled plant material and incubated under controlled laboratory conditions for 2 years. Half the samples were cropped with wheat (Triticum aestivum) 10 times in succession. At flowering, the wheat was harvested and the old roots removed from the soil, so that the soil was continuously occupied by predominantly active root systems. The remaining samples were maintained without plants under the same conditions. During the initial stages of high microbial activity, due to decomposition of the labile compounds, the size of the total microbial biomass was comparable for both treatments, and the metabolic quotient (qCO₂-C = mg CO₂-C·mg^–1 Biomass C·h^–1) was increased by the plants. During the subsequent low-activity decomposition stages, after the labile compounds had been progressively mineralized, the biomass was multiplied by a factor of 2–4 in the presence of plants compared to the bare soils. Nevertheless, qCO₂-C tended to reach similar low values with both treatments. The ¹⁴C-labelled biomass was reduced by the presence of roots and qCO₂-¹⁴C was increased. The significance of these results obtained from a model experiment is discussed in terms of (1) the variation in the substrate originating from the roots and controlled by the plant physiology, (2) nutrient availability for plants and microorganisms, (3) soil biotic capacities and (4) increased microbial turnover rates induced by the roots.     

生物有机肥对土壤微生物活性的影响

通过两次连续温室玉米盆栽试验,研究了施用具有调节微生物功能的生物有机肥对土壤微生物数量与活性的影响,并利用传统平板计数法与BIOLOGECO方法相结合研究生物有机肥对土壤微生物生态的影响。结果表明,与化肥相比,施用生物有机肥可显著提高土壤微生物中3大菌群的数量;AWCD值及微生物对不同碳底物利用水平的测定结果表明,施用生物有机肥可明显提高土壤微生物对碳源的利用率,尤其土壤中的羧酸、胺类和其他类碳源等。表明生物有机肥的施用能增加土壤微生物利用碳源能力,改善微生物营养条件,使微生物保持较高活性,提高土壤微生物多样性。