基于小波分析的电力系统振荡与短路识别方法

以小波变换中多分辨分析为基础,研究区分电力系统振荡与短路方法.小波分析能有效地提取电压、电流故障信号中的有用成份,提出一种以能量变化为判据的小波能量法,以识别电力系统振荡和短路.应用MATLAB的PSB工具箱建立振荡和短路仿真模型,应用小波能量法提取电力系统振荡电流与短路电流的小波能量,通过数值分析,识别电力系统振荡与短路.结果分析表明:小波能量法识别电力系统振荡和短路简单便捷,准确有效.小波能量法识别电力系统振荡和短路是十分可行的.     

Resonant oscillations between the solid earth and the atmosphere

Continuously excited free oscillations of the whole Earth have been found in the ground noise in a frequency band of long-period surface waves. Here we report evidence of an annual variation of this phenomenon, indicating that the excitation source is not within the solid Earth. There is evidence that these seismic free oscillations resonate with acoustic free oscillations of the atmosphere. The observed amplitudes suggest that the excitation source is at or just above Earth's surface.     

Oscillations of cytosolic sodium during calcium oscillations in exocrine acinar cells

In acinar cells from rat salivary glands, cholinergic agonists cause oscillations in cytoplasmic free calcium concentration, which then drive oscillations of cell volume that reflect oscillating cell solute content and fluid secretion. By quantitative fluorescence ratio microscopy of an intracellular indicator dye for sodium, it has now been shown that large amplitude oscillations of sodium concentration were associated with the calcium and cell volume oscillations. Both calcium and sodium oscillations were dependent on the continued presence of calcium in the extracellular medium and were abolished by the specific sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor ouabain. Thus, calcium oscillations in salivary acinar cells, by modulating the activities of ion transport pathways in the plasma membrane, can cause significant oscillations of monovalent ions that may in turn feed back to regulate calcium oscillations and fluid secretion.     

Tuning the quantum stability and superconductivity of ultrathin metal alloys

Quantum confinement of itinerant electrons in atomically smooth ultrathin lead films produces strong oscillations in the thickness-dependent film energy. By adding extra electrons via bismuth alloying, we showed that both the structural stability and the superconducting properties of such films can be tuned. The phase boundary (upper critical field) between the superconducting vortex state and the normal state indicates an anomalous suppression of superconducting order just below the critical temperature, Tc. This suppression varies systematically with the film thickness and the bismuth content and can be parametrized in terms of a characteristic temperature, Tc* (less than Tc), that is inversely proportional to the scattering mean free path. The results indicate that the isotropic nature of the superconductive pairing in bulk lead-bismuth alloys is altered in the quantum regime.     

Overtones of Free Oscillations and the Structure of the Earth's Interior

Identification of 82 percent of all possible spheroidal overtones with greater than 300 seconds increases the resolving power of the set of gross searth data. Results of inversion indicate a change of composition in the deepest 500 kilometers of the mantle. The assumption that the inner core is rigid is required to satisfy simultaneously the data on free oscillations and travel times.     

Solar Irradiance Change and Special Longitudes Due to r-Modes

Sluggish global oscillations, having a periodicity of months and trapped in the sun's convection zone, modulate the amount of energy reaching Earth and seem to impose some large-scale order on the distribution of solar surface features. These recently recognized oscillations (r-modes) increase the predictability of solar changes and may improve understanding of rotation and variability in other stars. Most of the 13 periodicities ranging from 13 to 85 days that are caused by r-modes can be detected in Nimbus 7 observations of solar irradiance during 3 years at solar maximum. These modes may also bear on the classical question of persistent longitudes of high solar activity.     

超声波振荡与索氏萃取落叶松毛虫蛹油的正交试验比较

研究了不同方法提取落叶松毛虫(Dendrolimus superans(Butler))蛹油的最佳工艺。以石油醚为提取溶剂,采用正交试验,考察提取剂量、提取温度和提取时间3个因素,以蛹油提取率作为指标,比较超声波振荡萃取与传统索氏萃取方法对落叶松毛虫蛹油提取的效果。结果表明:索氏萃取优化工艺为提取剂量12倍,提取温度90℃,提取时间2 h;超声波振荡萃取优化工艺为提取剂量12倍,提取温度40℃,提取时间30 min。超声波振荡萃取30 min的提取效果与索氏萃取6 h效果相当,提取速率是索氏萃取的10.7倍。因此,超声波振荡萃取提取落叶松毛虫蛹油的时间短、提取速率高、温度低。     

Giant Friedel Oscillations on the Beryllium(0001) Surface

Large-amplitude electron density oscillations were observed on a Be(0001) surface by means of variable-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Fourier transforms of the images showed a ring of radius 2kF, where kF is the Fermi wave vector of the Be(0001) surface state. This wavelength was expected from Friedel oscillations caused by electronic screening of surface defects, but the amplitude of the waves for energies near the Fermi energy was anomalously large and inconsistent with the Friedel concept of screening. The enhanced amplitude of the waves must be a many-body effect, either in the electron gas (possibly an incipient charge density wave) or in the response of the lattice (electron-phonon coupling).     

Calcium, calmodulin, and CaMKII requirement for initiation of centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts

Aberrant centrosome duplication is observed in many tumor cells and may contribute to genomic instability through the formation of multipolar mitotic spindles. Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) is required for multiple rounds of centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts but not for the initial round of replication. Egg extracts undergo periodic oscillations in the level of free calcium. We show here that chelation of calcium in egg extracts or specific inactivation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) blocks even initial centrosome duplication, whereas inactivation of Cdk2 does not. Duplication can be restored to inhibited extracts by addition of CaMKII and calmodulin. These results indicate that calcium, calmodulin, and CaMKII are required for an essential step in initiation of centrosome duplication. Our data suggest that calcium oscillations in the cell cycle may be linked to centrosome duplication.     

具时滞能源价格模型的动力学性质

以滞量τ为分支参数,研究了具时滞的能源价格模型的动力学行为,这些行为包括：系统在平衡点附近的稳定性,局部Hopf分支的存在性,发生条件Hopf分支的方向,分支周期解的稳定性以及分支随参数变化其周期解的周期变化.最后通过数值模拟验证了理论分析结果,并用分支理论解释了能源价格模型产生且维持周期振荡的原因.     

Earth's free oscillations excited by the 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake

At periods greater than 1000 seconds, Earth's seismic free oscillations have anomalously large amplitude when referenced to the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor fault mechanism, which is estimated from 300- to 500-second surface waves. By using more realistic rupture models on a steeper fault derived from seismic body and surface waves, we approximated free oscillation amplitudes with a seismic moment (6.5 x 10(22) Newton.meters) that corresponds to a moment magnitude of 9.15. With a rupture duration of 600 seconds, the fault-rupture models represent seismic observations adequately but underpredict geodetic displacements that argue for slow fault motion beneath the Nicobar and Andaman islands.     

Atomic-scale control of friction by actuation of nanometer-sized contacts

Stiction and wear are demanding problems in nanoelectromechanical devices, because of their large surface-to-volume ratios and the inapplicability of traditional liquid lubricants. An efficient way to switch friction on and off at the atomic scale is achieved by exciting the mechanical resonances of the sliding system perpendicular to the contact plane. The resulting variations of the interaction energy reduce friction below 10 piconewtons in a finite range of excitation and load, without any noticeable wear. Without actuation, atomic stick-slip motion, which leads to dissipation, is observed in the same range. Even if the normal oscillations require energy to actuate, our technique represents a valuable way to minimize energy dissipation in nanocontacts.     

Solar neutrino production of long-lived isotopes and secular variations in the sun

Long-lived isotopes produced in the earth's crust by solar neutrinos may provide a method of probing secular variations in the rate of energy production in the sun's core. Only one isotope, calcium-41, appears to be suitable from the dual stand-points of reliable nuclear physics and manageable backgrounds. The proposed measurement also may be interesting in view of recent evidence for neutrino oscillations.     

Hidden thermodynamics of mutant proteins: a molecular dynamics analysis

A molecular dynamics simulation method is used to determine the contributions of individual amino acid residues and solvent molecules to free energy changes in proteins. Its application to the hemoglobin interface mutant Asp G1(99) beta----Ala shows that some of the contributions to the difference in the free energy of cooperativity are as large as 60 kilocalories (kcal) per mole. Since the overall free energy change is only -5.5 kcal/mole (versus the experimental value of -3.4 kcal/mole), essential elements of the thermodynamics are hidden in the measured results. By exposing the individual contributions, the free energy simulation provides new insights into the origin of thermodynamic changes in mutant proteins and demonstrates the role of effects beyond those usually considered in structural analyses.     

Alfven waves in the solar corona

Alfvén waves, transverse incompressible magnetic oscillations, have been proposed as a possible mechanism to heat the Sun's corona to millions of degrees by transporting convective energy from the photosphere into the diffuse corona. We report the detection of Alfvén waves in intensity, line-of-sight velocity, and linear polarization images of the solar corona taken using the FeXIII 1074.7-nanometer coronal emission line with the Coronal Multi-Channel Polarimeter (CoMP) instrument at the National Solar Observatory, New Mexico. Ubiquitous upward propagating waves were seen, with phase speeds of 1 to 4 megameters per second and trajectories consistent with the direction of the magnetic field inferred from the linear polarization measurements. An estimate of the energy carried by the waves that we spatially resolved indicates that they are too weak to heat the solar corona; however, unresolved Alfvén waves may carry sufficient energy.     

The Hill plot and the energy of interaction in hemoglobin

The Hill plot does not independently yield the average free energy of interaction per binding site, as has been proposed by Wyman, but rather the difference between the free energies of interaction on binding the first and last ligands. It is shown that additional data (or assumptions) and a model for cooperative behavior are required to obtain the average free energy of interaction.     

Ultracold neutral plasmas

Ultracold neutral plasmas occupy an exotic regime of plasma physics in which electrons form a swarming, neutralizing background for ions that sluggishly move in a correlated manner. Strong interactions between the charged particles give rise to surprising dynamics such as oscillations of the average kinetic energy during equilibration and extremely fast recombination. Such phenomena offer stimulating and challenging problems for computational scientists, and the physics can be applied to other environments, such as the interior of gas giant planets and plasmas created by short-pulse laser irradiation of solid, liquid, and cluster targets.     

Imaging electron wave functions of quantized energy levels in carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes provide a unique system for studying one-dimensional quantization phenomena. Scanning tunneling microscopy was used to observe the electronic wave functions that correspond to quantized energy levels in short metallic carbon nanotubes. Discrete electron waves were apparent from periodic oscillations in the differential conductance as a function of the position along the tube axis, with a period that differed from that of the atomic lattice. Wave functions could be observed for several electron states at adjacent discrete energies. The measured wavelengths are in good agreement with the calculated Fermi wavelength for armchair nanotubes.     

基于分子动力学的miRNA 3'端与Argonaute蛋白PAZ功能域相互作用的研究

应用分子动力学方法研究了人类miRNA 3'末端3碱基与PAZ功能域的结合模式,并采用线性相互作用能方法计算miRNA 3'末端片段与PAZ之间的结合自由能.结果表明:miRNA 3'末端碱基组成决定了其和PAZ功能域的结合模式以及结合自由能,UGU与PAZ的结合最为稳定,结合自由能为-37.248kJ/mol,而CGA与PAZ的结合情况相对不太稳定,结合自由能为-5.418 kJ/mol; miRNA 3'端与PAZ的结合自由能与其在人类miRNA基因中的分布频率存在一定的相关性,UGU在人类基因中占6.768％,而CGA仅占0.414％.本研究结果可为进一步研究miRNA与Argonaute蛋白的相互作用以及对人类疾病防治和生物进化探索提供重要信息.     

Thermal Structure of Jupiter's Upper Atmosphere Derived from the Galileo Probe

Temperatures in Jupiter's atmosphere derived from Galileo Probe deceleration data increase from 109 kelvin at the 175-millibar level to 900 ± 40 kelvin at 1 nanobar, consistent with Voyager remote sensing data. Wavelike oscillations are present at all levels. Vertical wavelengths are 10 to 25 kilometers in the deep isothermal layer, which extends from 12 to 0.003 millibars. Above the 0.003-millibar level, only 90- to 270- kilometer vertical wavelengths survive, suggesting dissipation of wave energy as the probable source of upper atmosphere heating.