Modulation of hematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment by CD26

Hematopoietic stem cell homing and engraftment are crucial to transplantation efficiency, and clinical engraftment is severely compromised when donor-cell numbers are limiting. The peptidase CD26 (DPPIV/dipeptidylpeptidase IV) removes dipeptides from the amino terminus of proteins. We present evidence that endogenous CD26 expression on donor cells negatively regulates homing and engraftment. By inhibition or deletion of CD26, it was possible to increase greatly the efficiency of transplantation. These results suggest that hematopoietic stem cell engraftment is not absolute, as previously suggested, and indicate that improvement of bone marrow transplant efficiency may be possible in the clinic.     

The genetic program of hematopoietic stem cells

Blood cell production originates from a rare population of multipotent, self-renewing stem cells. A genome-wide gene expression analysis was performed in order to define regulatory pathways in stem cells as well as their global genetic program. Subtracted complementary DNA libraries from highly purified murine fetal liver stem cells were analyzed with bioinformatic and array hybridization strategies. A large percentage of the several thousand gene products that have been characterized correspond to previously undescribed molecules with properties suggestive of regulatory functions. The complete data, available in a biological process-oriented database, represent the molecular phenotype of the hematopoietic stem cell.     

Purification and characterization of mouse hematopoietic stem cells

Mouse bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were isolated with the use of a variety of phenotypic markers. These cells can proliferate and differentiate with approximately unit efficiency into myelomonocytic cells, B cells, or T cells. Thirty of these cells are sufficient to save 50 percent of lethally irradiated mice, and to reconstitute all blood cell types in the survivors.     

Transplantation of fetal hematopoietic stem cells in utero: the creation of hematopoietic chimeras

Transplantation of normal, immature, fetal hematopoietic cells into a preimmune fetal recipient with a congenital hemoglobinopathy may allow partial reconstitution of normal hemoglobin production without the complications associated with postnatal bone marrow transplantation (immunosuppression and the occurrence of graft versus host disease). In order to test this hypothesis the naturally occurring polymorphism at the beta-hemoglobin locus of the sheep was used as a marker for engraftment and hematopoietic chimerism. Intraperitoneal injection of allogeneic fetal stem cells into normal fetal lambs resulted in hematopoietic chimerism in three of four surviving recipients. This chimerism has been sustained for 6 months after birth and 9 months after engraftment, without evidence of graft versus host disease, and without the use of immunosuppressive therapy.     

NOV (CCN3) functions as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells

Clinically successful hematopoietic cell transplantation is dependent on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here we identify the matricellular protein Nephroblastoma Overexpressed (Nov, CCN3) as being essential for their functional integrity. Nov expression is restricted to the primitive (CD34) compartments of umbilical vein cord blood, and its knockdown in these cells by lentivirus-mediated RNA interference abrogates their function in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, forced expression of Nov and addition of recombinant Nov protein both enhance primitive stem and/or progenitor activity. Taken together, our results identify Nov (CCN3) as a regulator of human hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells.     

Little evidence for developmental plasticity of adult hematopoietic stem cells

To rigorously test the in vivo cell fate specificity of bone marrow (BM) hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), we generated chimeric animals by transplantation of a single green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked HSC into lethally irradiated nontransgenic recipients. Single HSCs robustly reconstituted peripheral blood leukocytes in these animals, but did not contribute appreciably to nonhematopoietic tissues, including brain, kidney, gut, liver, and muscle. Similarly, in GFP+:GFP- parabiotic mice, we found substantial chimerism of hematopoietic but not nonhematopoietic cells. These data indicate that "transdifferentiation" of circulating HSCs and/or their progeny is an extremely rare event, if it occurs at all.     

胚胎干细胞的分离克隆

从全能性或多能性细胞获取、分化抑制物选择、培养基、分离方法、鉴定、保存等６个方面，对胚胎干细胞的分离培养体系的建立进行了系统综述。     

鸡脂肪源间充质干细胞的分离与鉴定

【目的】建立鸡脂肪源间充质干细胞的分离与鉴定方法.【方法】用I型胶原酶消化法分离天露黄鸡脂肪间充质干细胞(AMSCs),CCK-8检测细胞生长活力,RT-PCR鉴定其特异性标记物,化学法对其进行成脂和成骨分化诱导.【结果和结论】原代及传代的细胞呈成纤维细胞样形态,并能传代至10代,其活力无明显变化;细胞生长曲线呈S型;RT-PCR检测显示AMSCs的特异性标志物CD71、CD44和CD29表达呈阳性,而属于造血干细胞的特异性标志物CD34和CD45呈阴性;AMSCs通过不同诱导液被成功诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞,在成脂分化过程中有脂滴形成,油红O染色呈阳性,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体基因γ(PPARγ)和脂肪酸基因(FAS)的mRNA表达量升高;在成骨分化过程中有钙结节形成,茜素红染色呈阳性,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性检测对照组与诱导组比较差异显著(P﹤0.05),ALP基因和骨形态发生蛋白基因(BMP2)的mRNA表达量升高.研究表明,鸡AMSCs具有分化为多种细胞的潜能.     

山羊类胚胎干细胞的分离、克隆研究

从胚胎发育阶段、饲养层、生长因子等方面对影响山羊胚胎干细胞的分离、克隆的因素进行了研究。结果表明：囊胚期可作为分离山羊胚胎干细胞收集胚胎适宜阶段；小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(MEF)和山羊胚胎成纤维细胞(GEF)对山羊类ES细胞分离效果影响不明显；生长因子LIF和SCF配合使用可分离到山羊的类ES细胞，并传至第4代。     

Primary bioassay of human tumor stem cells

A simple method has been developed to support human tumor stem cell colony growth in soft agar. The technique appears suitable for culture of a variety of neoplasms of differing histopathology. Tumor stem cell colonies arising from different types of cancer have differing growth characteristics and colony morphology. This bioassay should be suitable for clinical studies of effects of anticancer drugs or irradiation on human tumor stem cells.     

Requirements for growth of single human cells

A minimal growth medium supplemented with dialyzed serum, which sufficed for the propagation of a wide variety of human cell strains in heavily inoculated monolayer and suspension cultures, did not permit the regular or optimal growth of small numbers of HeLa, HeLa S3, conjunctiva, or KB cells deriving from suspension cultures. At threshold concentrations of serum, the plating efficiency of single cells was greatly reduced as compared with their plating efficiency in a medium containing dialyzed serum instead of whole serum, and the clones which did develop grew at a slower rate. The nutritional deficiency could be overcome by adding the seven amino acids which are ordinarily not nutritionally essential. In most of the experiments serine alone sufficed.     

Retroviral vector-mediated gene transfer into human hematopoietic progenitor cells

The transfer of the human gene for hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) into human bone marrow cells was accomplished by use of a retroviral vector. The cells were infected in vitro with a replication-incompetent murine retroviral vector that carried and expressed a mutant HPRT complementary DNA. The infected cells were superinfected with a helper virus and maintained in long-term culture. The production of progeny HPRT virus by the bone marrow cells was demonstrated with a colony formation assay on cultured HPRT-deficient, ouabain-resistant murine fibroblasts. Hematopoietic progenitor cells able to form colonies of granulocytes or macrophages (or both) in semisolid medium in the presence of colony stimulating factor were present in the nonadherent cell population. Colony forming units cloned in agar and subsequently cultured in liquid medium produced progeny HPRT virus, indicating infection of this class of hematopoietic progenitor cell.     

表皮干细胞的分离、纯化培养及鉴定初报

采用酶消化法和组织块法对小鼠、奶山羊、奶牛和家猪的表皮干细胞进行了分离、培养。结果表明:酶消化法适于小鼠表皮干细胞的分离,所获得的小鼠表皮干细胞在维持了两代之后自发分化为神经样细胞;奶山羊和奶牛不论用酶消化法还是组织块法都可以获得大量活力相对较好、表皮干细胞特性维持较久的细胞,奶山羊表皮细胞采用型胶原分选,用有血清培养液培养,经免疫细胞化学鉴定为表皮干细胞,可持续传至少9代,随着代数增高,细胞活力减弱。     

犊牛脂肪干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

为给奶牛营养代谢病等相关研究提供种子细胞,本试验从犊牛肾周脂肪组织中分离出脂肪干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells, ADSCs),采用组织剪碎法结合0.25%Ⅰ型胶原酶消化法消化、收集原代犊牛ADSCs,通过细胞形态学观察,使用免疫荧光染色法检测第5代ADSCs表面特异性蛋白,并使用CCK-8法测定第5、10代细胞生长曲线,观察第10代细胞的成脂、成骨分化能力。结果显示,分离出的犊牛ADSCs接种4 d后细胞呈成纤维细胞样生长;免疫荧光染色结果显示,分离的细胞Vimentin、CD34、CD44、CD90呈阳性,CD31、CD45呈阴性;该细胞在适当的诱导条件下可以定向分化为脂肪细胞和成骨细胞。本试验分离培养的细胞是犊牛脂肪干细胞,具有成脂、成骨分化能力。     

Multilineage potential of adult human mesenchymal stem cells

Human mesenchymal stem cells are thought to be multipotent cells, which are present in adult marrow, that can replicate as undifferentiated cells and that have the potential to differentiate to lineages of mesenchymal tissues, including bone, cartilage, fat, tendon, muscle, and marrow stroma. Cells that have the characteristics of human mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from marrow aspirates of volunteer donors. These cells displayed a stable phenotype and remained as a monolayer in vitro. These adult stem cells could be induced to differentiate exclusively into the adipocytic, chondrocytic, or osteocytic lineages. Individual stem cells were identified that, when expanded to colonies, retained their multilineage potential.     

由猪囊胚内细胞团分离胚胎干细胞的研究

以 PMEF为饲养层培养猪 7～ 9日龄囊胚分离 ES细胞 ,ICM初次传代时间为 4～ 7d,ES细胞传代时间为 4～ 5 d,ES细胞传至 1～ 5代的胚胎数分别为 1 2 (1 8.8% ) ,8(1 2 .5 % ) ,5 (7.8% ) ,3(4 .7% ) ,2 (3.1 % ) ,并进行体外分化和 AKP染色鉴定。对影响猪 ES细胞分离与克隆的因素进行比较 ,结果表明 :(1 ) 9和 1 4日龄小鼠胎儿 PMEF饲养层培养 9日龄猪囊胚 ,贴壁率 (83.3% ,88,9% ) ,ICM形成率 (75 .0 % ,77.8% )和 1代 ES细胞克隆率(2 5 .0 % ,2 2 .2 % )无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 )。 (2 ) 7,8和 9日龄胚胎随胚龄增加 ,胚胎贴壁率 (5 .9% ,5 7.1 % ,87,9% )和 ICM形成率 (0 .0 % ,2 8.6 % ,81 .8% )升高 ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 1 )。(3) 9日龄囊胚直径 0 .8～ 1 .2 m m培养36～ 4 8h贴壁 ,贴壁率 1 0 0 % ,ICM形成率 1 0 0 % ;直径 >1 .2 mm囊胚贴壁时间为 4 8～ 72 h,贴壁率 5 7.1 % ,ICM形成率 5 7.1 % ,差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 )。去除直径 >1 .2 m m囊胚部分滋养层细胞培养 36～ 4 8h,贴壁率 91 .7% ,ICM形成率 83.3% ;(4 )添加外源 L IF没有提高贴壁率 (86 .4 % ,90 .9% ;P>0 .0 5 )和 ICM形成率 (81 .8% ,81 .8% ;P>0 .0 5 )