新疆野生花卉资源植物的研究

本文对新疆维吾尔自治区境内的２６种主要野生花卉资源植物的分布，生活环境生态习性等做了较详细的调查，并对其中的２４种植物的种子进行人工温箱培养，测定种子的发芽率和发芽势，对有休眠现象的种做了不同的处理，分析了各因素对种子萌发的影响，最后讨论了野生花卉植物人工栽培的一些问题及其意义。     

农家贮粮防虫方法——植物防虫

植物防虫是农家使用较普遍的防虫方法。这种方法主要是利用当地的野生或栽培的某些植物散发的特殊气味，对害虫有一定的杀伤或驱赶作用而进行防虫的方法，一般在粮食生虫前进行。通常的做法是，把这些植物的叶片和茎梢采集晒干粉碎，分装到纱布包内，然后放置在粮堆上、中、下部。     

花卉灰霉病的症状与综合防治

花卉灰霉病是花卉生产中最常见的病害之一,在花卉的生长季节经常发生,尤其在冬春棚室内的花卉生长期间,致病菌可以侵染植株地上任何部分.如果放松栽培管理,更有利于该病的发生和流行,严重时可引起大量落花、落叶,影响植物开花,降低观赏价值,对花卉品质和产量造成很大危害,严重制约着花卉生产的经济效益.     

新疆野生花卉资源

随着物质生活和文化生活水平的不断提高,人们对环境美的要求也越来越高,然而从对栽培观赏植物的调查来看,存在着种类贫乏、品种单调的问题。如乌鲁木齐历年来栽培观赏的陆地草花仅有60多种,并且大多已为人们多年反复观赏,显得单调,不那么新鲜了。人们虽然也培育出了象重瓣金盏菊之类的新品种,且从外地引进了一些花卉品种,但数量都很有限,某些引进的品种也不能充分适应新疆特点。特别是栽培的花卉存在着严重的品种退化问题。由此看来,必须寻求大量的新品种,以满足人们不断增长的园林建设要求。通过对野生     

不同土壤含水量对二色补血草生长状况的影响

二色补血草是内蒙古草原广泛分布的野生花卉之一。通过对二色补血草在不同的土壤含水量条件下生长状况的观测研究,确定了适宜的温室引种栽培野生二色补血草土壤含水量范围,为野生二色补血草的引种扩繁提供了依据,通过试验证明,在其它条件均相同的情况下,野生二色补血草种子的出苗数随着土壤含水量的升高呈单峰曲线。在土壤含水量为33.1%时出现峰值;在土壤含水量小于33.4%时,二色补血草的最大叶长、最大叶宽、叶片数、冠幅等形态特征与土壤含水量呈正相关。     

新疆野扁桃与其近缘种的亲缘关系

野扁桃（Amygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht）为野生珍稀濒危植物资源,我国仅分布在新疆。为研究野扁桃与栽培扁桃及其近缘种的亲缘关系,对新疆野扁桃、栽培扁桃、栽培桃和桃属部分物种的叶绿体matK基因进行测序,基于Kimura 双参数模型计算种间遗传距离,并以邻接法（NJ）构建系统发育树。结果表明：野扁桃与蒙古扁桃和榆叶梅的遗传距离较小,与栽培扁桃和桃属物种（桃、山桃和蟠桃）的遗传距离较大;栽培扁桃与山桃、蟠桃和桃的亲缘关系较其与野扁桃、榆叶梅和蒙古扁桃的亲缘关系更近。     

棚栽花卉白粉虱发生规律及防治

随着人们物质生活水平的提高，花卉保护地生产发展迅速，特别是随着高新技术的发展及应用，智能温室在花卉业生产中更显其重要作用。在棚栽花卉中白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporariorum)是发生比较普遍的一种害虫，在花卉上的危害日益加重，成虫和若虫群集在花卉的叶背面，吮吸汁液，导致叶片褪色、凋萎，其排泄物引起煤污病的发生，影响开花和观赏价值，还是传播植物病毒的重要媒介昆虫。因此，笔者在智能温室花卉栽培中对白粉虱的发生规律及综合防治进行了一系列的观察研究，现将结果报告如下。     

温室白粉虱防治试验的探讨

温室白粉虱(Trialeurodes vaporarioum Westwoad)是园艺植物的重要害虫,自1975年在北京地区各种温室、塑料大棚、露地等作物上大发生以来,已成为蔬菜生产和花卉栽培急待解决的生产问题。为了寻找有效的防治方法,我们在研究了温室白粉虱生物学     

大青山区野生花灌木资源及其在园林绿化中的作用

呼和浩特市大青山区野生花灌木资源的调查发现,该地有野生花灌木70余种。本文对部分花卉品种的主要观赏部位、观赏价值和观赏时间(花期、果期等)、做了概述和评价。附有野生花灌木名录。     

毛叶桑寄生为害柑桔初步观察

毛叶桑寄生(Loranthus yadorikiSieb)是长江中下游各省较常见的寄生性种子植物,寄生于栽培或野生的林木和果树。赣南某些山区柑桔受其为害,造成损失。信丰县古陂果园场温州蜜柑1977年开始有零星寄生,目前,全场1187株18年生蜜柑受害株率达10—25％,单株寄生枝在2—4枝以上,严重影响柑桔产量和品质。为此,我们对其发生和为害进行了观察研究,现将结果简报如下:     

几种进境观赏植物根际香蕉穿孔线虫的鉴定和描述

香蕉穿孔线虫严重危害多种经济作物和观赏植物, 被中国和世界多数国家列为植物检疫有害生物。2006-2009年, 在对深圳隔离温室中的天南星科（Araceae）、竹芋科（Marantaceae）、棕榈科（Palmae）和凤梨科（Bromeliaceae）等观赏植物病害调查监测中, 从进境观赏植物红掌（Anthurium andraeanum）、孔雀竹芋（Calathea makoyana）和散尾葵（Chrysalidocarpus lutescens）上采集分离到一些植物寄生线虫, 其中有3个线虫种群经鉴定确认为香蕉穿孔线虫［Radopholus similis (Cobb,1893) Throne, 1949］, 本文对其形态特征进行了比较和描述。     

新疆霍城县大、小西沟野果林种子植物组成及资源

新疆伊犁霍城大、小西沟野果林是以野樱桃李群落为主的野果林,共有种子植物60科233属500余种.林区野生植物资源丰富,统计表明:有野生果树38种、食用植物30种、饲用植物60种、蜜源植物111种、观赏植物128种、香料植物50种、药用植物113种.其中包括国家重点保护植物9种;新疆维吾尔自治区重点保护植物9种;中国珍稀濒危保护植物3种.通过多次实地调查分析,阐明了霍城野果林野生果树的分布、繁衍规律和植被、生境状况;综述了植物资源类型和用途及野生樱桃李群系生存的濒危程度.并提出在霍城大、小西沟野樱桃李集中分布区建立自然保护区的建议.     

Host‐range studies,genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships of ACLSV isolates from ornamental,wild and cultivated Rosaceous species

A large‐scale survey was carried out to study the host range and genetic diversity of Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV) in various Rosaceae species, with a special emphasis on ornamentals and wild shrubs. Samples were tested by DAS‐ELISA using two different antisera, and RT‐PCR amplification of part of the CP gene. There was generally a poor correlation between the results obtained with the two sets of serological reagents and between serological and molecular detection assays. Using a nested RT‐PCR assay developed here, ACLSV was found to be widespread among cultivated, ornamental and wild species of the Rosaceae. The virus was detected for the first time in plum, wild cherry, Crataegus monogyna, Prunus spinosa and Prunus cerasifera in Greece. Sequences of a part of the CP encoding gene and the 3′ untranslated region from ACLSV isolates originating from various wild species and ornamentals were compared to those of isolates from cultivated hosts, showing similar divergence levels. Further phylogenetic analysis using the sequenced region indicated that the isolates from wild or ornamental hosts were not more closely related to each other than to isolates from cultivated hosts. The possible role of different factors in the spread of ACLSV on cultivated, ornamental and wild species is discussed.     

Hosts and symptoms of Plum pox virus: ornamental and wild Prunus species

Several ornamental and wild Prunus species have been identified as natural and/or experimental hosts for Plum pox virus (PPV). The significance of natural vs. experimental hosts, graft or bud-transmitted infections vs. aphid-transmitted infections in ornamental or wild Prunus hosts, and their relevance in the field situation, are not clearly understood. However, since PPV is aphid-transmitted, any host in the field or nursery serves as a potential reservoir and source of inoculum and must be monitored and controlled in any PPV eradication or management programme.     

5种干旱区野生观赏植物染色体数目及其核型分析

本文采取常规根尖压片法对 5种干旱区野生观赏植物进行了染色体数目统计 ,并对其中的 3种进行了核型分析。结果表明 :5种植物染色体均属于二倍体 ,其中白花枝子花(DracocephalumhererophyllumBenth .)、角蒿 (IncarvilleasinensisLam .)、金露梅 (PotentillafruticosaL .)有四倍体现象 ;3种植物染色体核型公式分别为白花枝子花 2n =1 2 =1 0m + 2st,角蒿 2n =2 2 =1 8m + 4sm ,北点地梅 (AndrosaceseptentrionalisL .) 2n =1 8=1 6m + 2sm ,均属于原始类型。本次试验旨在为研究物种多样性、建立干旱区野生观赏植物基因库、保护和繁育野生观赏植物等提供科学依据。     

Detection ofplum pox virus in ornamentalPrunus cerasifera

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of sharka disease. It is a serious threat for temperate fruit, mainly apricots, plums and peaches. In order to study the ability ofPPV to infect wild and ornamentalPrunus species, several wild, native ornamental stone fruits and weeds were analyzed as possible reservoirs ofPPV. Five species of ornamental stone fruits and 24 species of weeds were evaluated between 2000 and 2004. The virus was not found in the weeds but was detected in one species of ornamental stone fruit, purple cherry-plums (Prunus cerasifera Pissardii). ThePPV strain M was identified by DASI-ELISA and confirmed by IC-RT-PCR. Additionally, mealy plum aphid (Hyalopterus pruni) was determined as a vector ofPPV inP. cerasifera. This is the first report on the reservoir potential of ornamental stone fruit trees and weeds forPPV in Turkey. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 19, 2006;     

Control of the black vine weevil,<Emphasis Type="Italic">otiorhynchus sulcatus</Emphasis>, with the fungus<Emphasis Type="Italic">metarhizium anisopliae</Emphasis>

The insect-pathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae attacks larvae of the black vine weevil,Otiorhynchus sulcatus, an important pest of soft fruit and ornamental plants. In trials on strawberries and potted ornamental plants growing outdoors, a strain of this fungus has given promising results for control of the pest. Further work is required to determine the most effective dose rates, methods and timing of application.