绿巨人褐腐病化学防治试验

用29种杀菌剂对绿巨人褐腐病病原菌进行室内毒力测定，结果显示：25％健绿宝、70％代高乐、40％百可宁、50％消菌灵、72％克露、70％百德富、25％绿乳铜和70％土菌消8种药剂对绿巨人病株叶柄病斑和根部感染具强烈抑制作用。用这些杀菌剂进一步进行室外防治试验，对绿巨人叶柄、根部接种防治试验和对自然感染防治试验结果都表明，最理想的防治药剂为健绿宝。代高乐、百德富、新万生和土菌消也有明显的抑制效果，但百德富药效不太稳定。无伤口接种病菌不能侵入，而植株一旦受到创伤，喷淋杀菌剂在24h内都不能阻止病菌的接触侵入，接种前或后喷药都不能有效根除病菌的侵染；所以防止人为创伤、虫伤、自然风雨伤是防病的重要措施。     

香榧细菌性褐腐病的症状及防治试验

由胡萝卜软腐欧氏菌Erwinia carotovora(Jones)Bergeey等引起的香榧细菌性褐腐病是危害香榧果实的一种重要病害,病斑呈褐色,常引起香榧落果而减产。4月底5月初开始发病,5月中下旬为发病高峰。经雨水传播,从皮孔或伤口侵入,连续的阴雨天易发病,用5%菌毒清800倍液喷雾防治,效果达90.4%,50%退菌特400倍液喷雾防治,效果达76.9%。     

杨树根腐病生防菌的筛选及鉴定

【目的】杨树作为我国最重要的工业用材林树种之一,对其长期的生产力维护和人工林的健康管理是林业和生态建设的重中之重。近年来,杨树根腐病的防治措施作为林学界亟待解决的重要问题,目前以化学防治方法为主,但其存在许多环境危害,所以具有诸多优点的生物防治成为了现在国内外的研究焦点,找到生防菌是研究的重中之重。以一系列实验分离筛选到用于防治根腐病的低温适生菌为创新点,旨在找到对杨树根腐病菌具有拮抗作用的生防菌,并明确其分类地位,令其在杨树根腐病的生物防治生防菌种类方面作为参考,也为进一步研究其定殖特性、林间防效及生物安全性等问题提供前期基础。【方法】为了筛选出新的低温适生生防菌菌种资源,采用稀释涂布平板法从杨树土壤中分离得到20株芽孢杆菌,经过初步筛选得到了拮抗效果最好的一株芽孢杆菌B42,并对其进行分离纯化,采用平板对峙法对该芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性进行测定,然后鉴定明确其分类地位。【结果】该芽孢杆菌对杨树根腐病菌具有显著的拮抗作用,同时对茄病镰刀菌、红松根腐病镰刀菌、山核桃干腐病菌、链格孢、油茶炭疽病菌、白腐菌均具有广谱抗性。【结论】根据菌体的形态特征、生理生化指标以及16S rDNA序列分析的结果,鉴定该菌B42为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌Bacillus velezensis。     

毛壳菌和木霉菌防治山杨根腐病的试验

通过人工诱发试验证明山杨根腐病病原菌为锐顶镰孢菌Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍａｃｕｍｉｎａ－ｔｕｍＥｌｉｓ＆Ｅｖｅｒｈａｒｔ,室内用毛壳菌Ｃｈａｅｔｏｍｉｕｍｓｐ．和木霉菌Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｓｐ．与锐顶镰孢菌做对峙试验和室外防治试验,发现二者对锐顶镰孢菌都有较好的拮抗作用,是山杨根腐病理想的生防药剂。     

日本国立公园发展、体系与特点

截至2010年日本国立公园与国定公园(准国立公园)共有85处, 占日本国土面积9.1%。国立公园保护着日本最重要的自然风景资源, 也是最重要的度假休闲地。了解日本国立公园管理体系对建设我国森林公园具有启示意义。文中梳理了日本国立公园产生、发展的脉络, 以及国立公园和国定公园的基本状况; 概述了国立公园的规划体系、管理体系和保护分区, 并指出日本国立公园的基本特点是风景资源复杂多样、内部土地权属复杂、地域制自然公园管理制度和保护体系的基础在于多方协作; 提出借鉴日本国立公园的经验, 我国森林公园建设应建立协作体制, 进一步完善规划体系, 在市域绿地系统规划中统筹考虑功能与布局。     

A single dominant Ganoderma species is responsible for root rot of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus in Sumatra

Ganoderma root rot is the most serious disease affecting commercially planted Acacia mangium in plantations in Indonesia. Numerous Ganoderma spp. have been recorded from diseased trees of this species and to a lesser extent Eucalyptus, causing confusion regarding the primary cause of the disease. In this study, a large collection of Ganoderma isolates were obtained from the roots of A. mangium showing early signs of root rot in disease centres in South Sumatra plantations. Isolates were also collected from Eucalyptus roots at Lake Toba in North Sumatra showing similar symptoms as well as from sporocarps connected to these samples. Phylogenetic analyses showed that a single Ganoderma sp., identified as G. philippii, is the major causal agent of Ganoderma root rot on A. mangium. Results from this study also showed that the isolates obtained for Eucalyptus trees in North Sumatra belong to G. philippii. Isolates from roots and connected fruiting bodies together with the morphology of the fruiting structures confirmed this identification. Symptoms associated with this pathogen are obvious and it should not be confused with other diseases. Other Ganoderma spp. found in disease centres are considered to be of minor importance and management strategies for root rot should be focused on G. philippii.     

台湾地区国家公园管理体制发展与趋势

早期台湾地区对国家公园的经营管理,采取由上至下的一元化政策,忽略国家公园对当地人文与社会的影响,造成利害关系的冲突。虽然目前国家公园政策的形成已加入公众参与机制,但所面临的管理问题仍层出不穷。因此,如何善用公众参与机制,彰显国家公园的生态维护价值,将是未来国家公园管理的重要策略。文中介绍了部分国家（地区）的国家公园发展历史、管理制度,探讨了台湾地区国家公园发展、国家公园系统分级的转变与面临的问题等,提出了台湾地区国家公园未来发展的对策建议。     

First report of the brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius,its distribution and newly recorded host plants in the Amami Islands,southern Japan

To determine whether the brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius is present in the Amami islands, which are situated near Okinawa, we conducted six field surveys from 1999 to 2005. The brown root rot disease was found in 22 tree species in 17 plant families at 25 different sites in all the islands surveyed. Sixteen of these species were newly recorded as host plants of P. noxius. The disease was more common in the low elevation plains and on hills less than 100 m above sea level than in mountainous areas. This is the first report of the brown root rot disease caused by P. noxius in the Amami Islands, Japan, and Ohshima Island is currently the northern‐most distribution point of the disease in the northern hemisphere.     

长春净月潭国家级森林公园森林经营区区划与经营类型划分

依据现行森林经营的"分区施策、分类经营"原则,结合长春净月潭国家级森林公园的立地条件、森林起源、功能与用途和森林旅游开发等状况,将园区区划为4个经营区;按照生态重要性、敏感性等级分类指标,将园区划分成6个经营管理类型和3个经营管理类型组;以林分起源、类型、地类、优势树种、龄组等为依据,将园区划分成8个森林经营措施组、32个经营措施类型,从而为建立经营管理分区分类体系及技术管理体系奠定基础。     

灵芝公园与孝子黄舒——深圳市宝安区新安街道灵芝公园命名初探

通过探索宝安灵芝公园命名由来,揭示二千年来孝德与灵芝的文化传承关系,提出以灵芝公园作为整合灵芝文化和孝文化的平台,可以创造出系列有地方特色的新文化,把灵芝公园建设成独具特色的精品名园。     

Butt rot ofChamaecyparis obtusa (Sieb. et Zucc.) Endlicher trees caused byPerenniporia subacida in Shikoku district, Japan: Pathogen, distribution of damaged trees in the stand, and soil investigation

The rot ofChamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki) trees was studied in the northern part of Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. Among 158 hinoki examined, butt rot was found in 28.6, 58.3, and 100% of trees in the 29, 30, and 34-year-old stands, respectively. All trees with butt rot, and 11 trees without it had rotted roots. Thirteen hinoki were peeled byCervus nippon (sika deer) and all of them were infected with butt rot. The maximum height of rot in deer-damaged trees was 2.6 m from the ground level, but was 1.9 m in undamaged trees. About eighty-two percent of rotted trees showed rotted areas of less than 40 cm² on the cross section of stems at the ground level. White mycelia and black flecks sometimes appeared in the rotted wood. Basidiocarps of polyporaceous fungus were often found on felled logs and rotted stumps of hinoki and identified asPerenniporia subacida. Basidiomycetous fungus was isolated frequently from rotted wood of roots and stems, and determined to beP. subacida by comparative study on cultural characteristics. An inoculation experiment and wood-decay test proved that the fungus was the cause of the rot of hinoki. Few absorbing roots of living trees were found in the clayey subsurface soil of the high dry bulk density and the less soil aeration. Some absorbing roots had root rot and the rot spread from the base of the absorbing root to the central part of the woody root. This is the first report on the rot of hinoki caused byP. subacida in Japan.