Asia and the Pacific on the move: workers and refugees,a challenge to nation states

In the last 30 years international migration has been transformed from being of little or no significance in Asia to being of substantial economic, social, political and demographic importance. Two types of migration which have increased greatly in significance since the 1970s are international labour migration and refugee movements. Throughout most of the last two decades Asia has had more refugees than any other world region, although numbers have declined in the 1990s with the success of resettlement and repatriation programmes for Indochinese refugees. On the other hand, international labour migration has continued to increase in scale and importance, with the majority of workers moving between Asian countries in the 1990s, although the Middle East remains an important destination. It is argued that two elements, proliferating migrant social networks and the emergence of a vibrant immigration industry, have given a momentum to international migration which to some extent limits the power of nation states to control it. There is some concern among countries in the region that the increase in migration is creating excessive economic dependence upon the export of labour. Fears that migration threatens social cohesion depend upon the extent to which migrants settle permanently in destination areas.     

Japan–China rivalry: What role does the East Asia Summit play?

Although economically interdependent, political rivalry between Japan and China have brought about the inability of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations Plus Three (APT) process to transform itself into an East Asia Summit (EAS) as originally envisioned. The existence of the APT and the EAS as two separate entities not only reflected the politico‐security rivalry between the two neighbours but more importantly affected the direction and progress of East Asian regionalism as a whole. Aiming to provide a historical account of the EAS process and examine Japan's role in the development of the EAS framework, this paper argues that Japan has put greater attention on the EAS and made numerous unilateral initiatives to develop it. While Japan does not seek ultimate power, it considers the EAS as an excellent opportunity to: (i) raise its influence in the region vis‐à‐vis China; (ii) elevate the status of the EAS in region‐building and (iii) check Chinese advances by fulfilling its long‐held policy of having other Asia Pacific countries, primarily Australia and New Zealand, join. Nevertheless, the decision to expand the EAS to include the USA and Russia will have some adverse effects on Japan's unilateral ambitions and the furtherance of regionalisation processes.     

东亚甘薯品种AFLP标记遗传差异研究

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料和新型能源作物,由于遗传背景知识的缺乏,甘薯遗传改良受到限制,东亚是世界上甘薯种植最集中的区域,因此有必要了解东亚甘薯品种的遗传多样性程度和遗传差异。本研究利用AFLP标记对43份来自东亚地区的甘薯育成品种遗传多样性进行了分析。10对AFLP引物扩增出307条谱带,其中多态性谱带占71．7％,平均每对引物扩增22．0条多态性带,表明AFLP标记是一种甘薯遗传多样性分析的高效方法。供试品种间遗传距离为0．0938-0．3359,平均为0．2302,利用UPGMA法可以将供试品种聚为5个组群,表明供试品种遗传多样性程度丰富,东亚甘薯育成品种之间具有较明显的遗传差异。不同国家或地区品种间的遗传距离高于国家或地区品种内的遗传距离。韩国品种与其它东亚国家或地区品种间遗传距离较远。供试品种中,中国大陆品种平均遗传距离最小。作者认为我国甘薯品种改良,应注重与韩国资源的交换,同时在亲本组配中避免少数品种人为过度利用,以保持甘薯品种的遗传多样性,提高甘薯品种改良进度。     

Compact Community and Club Building-an Elementary Research on the Hakka Immigration Culture in Luodai

Sichuan Province is an immigration society and the town Luodai is a \"clean territory\" of Hakka immigrants with specific immigrant character. The material forms reflected in residential buildings are quite different from the forms in other areas and the mental forms mainly expressed in the club buildings as gathering places for immigrants from various provinces, which are the most representative symbol for the immigration society of Luodai and the Hakka immigrants'' spiritual home under new circumstances.     

台湾畜牧业污染的防治策略与借鉴

台湾主要通过加强畜牧场减废与资源再利用、推广畜牧业养殖污染防治技术和加强畜牧业污染防治管理等对策和畜牧业水污染防治、空气污染管制、废弃物清理、资源回收再利用的环保法令防治畜牧业污染的。借鉴其畜牧业污染防治对策和立法管理经验,从加大财政环保投入、加强清洁生产科学研究、健全污染防治立法、适度限制畜禽养殖场所与规模等方面提出促进大陆畜牧业污染防治的对策建议。     

漳台休闲农业合作发展演变研究

针对漳台休闲农业合作日益深化的现状,笔者研究其发展规律和演变轨迹,为漳台休闲农业合作提供指导建议,以耗散结构理论为基础,分析漳台休闲农业合作的形成期、发展期、成熟期和衰退期的演变过程,提出通过漳台休闲农业相互市场的开放,生产要素的自由流通,以及漳台休闲农业合作机制的构建,使得漳台休闲农业得以从衰退期突变到下一个成长周期,合作深化程度从目前的产业转移阶段进入产业融合阶段,最终进入产业一体化阶段。通过漳台休闲农业合作系统的螺旋式上升,使得漳台之间的休闲农业共同市场得以形成,有利于双方共同利用资源,形成规模经济。     

西北中小城市农业户籍流入人口户籍迁入意愿调查——以甘肃天水为例

为分析农业户籍流入人口的户籍迁移趋势,以期为西北中小城市对农业户籍流入人口的管理提供参考,对西北中小城市农业户籍流入人口的户籍迁入意愿进行了调查。通过采用定点抽样的方式和无结构访谈的方式,调查西北中小城市农业户籍流入人口的户籍迁入意愿。结果发现：女性、已婚、月收入成中等水平、本地化流动、居住时间长、对生活状态满意的流入人口迁入意愿强烈;个人因素对户籍迁入影响显著,经济因素、社会因素起着制约性的影响。建议政府部门采取加强流动人口的动态监测,强化就业培训意识,顺应家庭化流入趋势,做好信息共享等措施,为农业户籍流入人口的户籍迁入工作做好服务。