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1.
LANNEK, BIRGITTA and PAUL LINDBERG: Toxicity of halogenated oxyquinolines in dogs. A clinical study. III. Intoxication experiments. Acta vet. scand. 1974, 15, 398–418. — Oxyquinoline drugs, which are normally well tolerated by dogs, will cause disease when a dog’s resistance is occasionally lowered. In a series of experiments in dogs we tried to reproduce the disease pattern of spontaneous cases of poisoning. Most of these experiments, using even high single or repeated oral doses, failed. It was observed, more or less by chance, that the intestinal absorption of 125I-labelled vioform was greatly increased when the dog was not fasted. The consumption of fat, but not of protein or carbohydrates, was found to be the responsible factor. When the oxyquinoline drug was given in a fat emulsion, approx. 1/3 of the dogs fell ill. When fouled fish was also added, the dose necessary to produce disease was lowered to the range used in vioform therapy. We believe that phenolic substances, which may be produced from bacterial degradation of proteins in intestinal disorders, compete with oxyquinolines in metabolic and elimination processes.vioform; oxyquinolines; dogs; convulsions; heart injury; liver injury; poisoning; diarrhoea; phenolic substances. 相似文献
2.
Acute clinical toxicity of halogenated oxyquinolines in dogs has been reported (Schantz & Wikström 1965, Hangartner 1965, Müller 1967). The clinical picture was comprehensively studied (Lannek 1972 b). The dose range in the clinical material was found to vary from about 7 to 250 mg per kg body weight (Lannek 1972 a). 相似文献
3.
Kyoung-won Seo Jong-bok Lee Jin-Ok Ahn Hee-woo Lee Cheol-yong Hwang Hwa-young Youn Chang-woo Lee 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(2):179-185
The aim of this study was to demonstrate and assess C-reactive protein (CRP) changes in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis with or without antibiotics. We also evaluated availability of CRP levels to serve as an indicator for monitoring or diagnosing bacterial cystitis. Serial CRP concentrations in dogs with induced bacterial cystitis were higher than those of controls (p < 0.001). CRP concentrations peaked on day 7 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the treatment group, CRP concentrations decreased after medication compared to the untreated group (p = 0.032). CRP levels had a linear correlation with urine white blood cell counts among all groups (r = 0.837, p < 0.001, n = 140). Compared to the negative urine culture group, dogs with positive urine culture results had higher CRP concentrations (median 43.8 mg/L vs. 5.9 mg/L; p < 0.001). Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.955; when cut-off value was 12.2 mg/L, CRP measurements were found to have a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 86.4%. This result indicates that rapid increases of CRP occurred after inducing bacterial cystitis and CRP may be a useful indicator for monitoring or diagnosing canine bacterial cystitis together with sediment urinalysis and urine bacterial culture. 相似文献
4.
Bruno B. Chomel Jennifer B. Henn Rickie W. Kasten Nathan C. Nieto Janet Foley Sophia Papageorgiou Claire Allen Jane E. Koehler 《Veterinary research》2009,40(4)
Bartonella rochalimae was first isolated from the blood of a human who traveled to Peru and was exposed to multiple insect bites. Foxes and dogs are likely natural reservoirs for this bacterium. We report the results of experimental inoculation of two dogs, five cats and six guinea pigs with the only human isolate of this new Bartonella species. Both dogs became bacteremic for 5–7 weeks, with a peak of 103–104 colony forming units (CFU)/mL blood. Three cats had low bacteremia levels (< 200 CFU/mL) of 6–8 weeks’ duration. One cat that remained seronegative had two bacterial colonies isolated at a single culture time point. A fifth cat never became bacteremic, but seroconverted. None of the guinea pigs became bacteremic, but five seroconverted. These results suggest that dogs could be a reservoir of this strain of B. rochalimae, in contrast to cats and guinea pigs. 相似文献
5.
During 3 years 28 cases of acute pancreatitis were diagnosed in dogs. In 26 of these dogs, the disease was fatal. The most frequent symptoms were vomiting, anorexia and lethargy. Two thirds showed tenderness upon abdominal palpation. Ascites was found in 3 cases. Of the blood, parameters, serum amylase level was elevated in 86 % and lipase in 89 % of the cases. Sixteen dogs were uremic and half of the dogs were hyperglycemic. Two thirds of the dogs had leukocytosis. Using stepwise multiple regression the best blood parameters explaining acute pancreatitis were leukocytes together with lipase and glucose.In an attempt to find a more specific serum test for dogs to diagnose acute pancreatitis serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was measured. In sixteen out of the 28 dogs with acute pancreatitis, serum PLA2 activity was increased. The ascites fluids were rich in PLA2. Serum PLA2 is more often increased in the severe necrotizing pancreatitis (80 %) than in the milder forms of acute pancreatitis (44 %). All dogs with increased serum PLA2 had also increased serum amylase and lipase activities. The dogs with an increased serum PLA2 and dogs with ascites had fat necrosis in the vicinity of the pancreas. Experimental pancreatitis was induced in 4 dogs by injecting Na-taurocholate and trypsin into the pancreas. In these cases, very high PLA2 activities in the serum and ascites fluids were detected, but none seemed to be present in the urine samples.Key words: dog, acute pancreatitis, phospholipase A2 相似文献
6.
《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2023,50(3):289-293
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between urine specific gravity (USG) and the risk of arterial hypotension during general anaesthesia (GA) in healthy dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine and methadone.Study designProspective clinical cohort study.AnimalsA total of 75 healthy client-owned dogs undergoing GA for elective tibial plateau levelling osteotomy.MethodsAfter placing an intravenous catheter, dogs were premedicated with dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg–1) and methadone (0.3 mg kg–1) intravenously. After induction of GA with alfaxalone to effect, the bladder was expressed and USG measured. An arterial catheter was placed, and residual blood was used to measure packed cell volume (PCV) and total protein (TP). GA was maintained with isoflurane vaporised in oxygen and a femoral and sciatic nerve block were performed. Arterial blood pressure < 60 mmHg was defined as hypotension and recorded by the anaesthetist. Treatment for hypotension was performed in a stepwise manner following a flow chart. Frequency of hypotension, treatment and response to treatment were recorded. Logistic regression modelling was used to assess the association between USG, TP and PCV and incidence of perioperative hypotension; p < 0.05.ResultsData from 14 dogs were excluded. Of the 61 dogs, 16 (26%) were hypotensive during GA, 15 dogs needed treatment of which 12 were responsive to a decrease in inhalant vaporiser setting. The logistic regression model was not statistically significant (p = 0.8). There was no significant association between USG (p = 0.6), TP (p = 0.4), PCV (p = 0.8) and arterial hypotension during GA.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn healthy dogs premedicated with dexmedetomidine and methadone and maintained under GA with isoflurane and a femoral and sciatic nerve block, there was no relationship between the specific gravity of urine collected after premedication and intraoperative arterial hypotension. 相似文献
7.
ObjectiveTo determine whether healthy and traumatized dogs receiving a constant rate infusion (CRI) of either morphine or fentanyl have decreased urine production.Study designProspective randomized controlled study.Animal populationEighteen privately owned previously healthy dogs that had undergone trauma were included. Twenty-three privately owned healthy dogs were used as the controls.MethodsTraumatized dogs were randomized into one of two groups. Group Tmorphine received a CRI of morphine (0.12 mg kg−1 hour−1) and group Tfentanyl received a CRI of fentanyl (3 μg kg−1 hour−1) both administered in lactated Ringer’s solution (LRS) at a rate of 60 mL kg−1 day−1. Control healthy dogs were randomized into one of three groups. The LRS control group (CLRS) (n = 8) received LRS at a rate of 60 mL kg−1 day−1. Group Cmorphine (n = 8) and group Cfentanyl (n = 7) received the same infusions as Tmorphine and Tfentanyl, respectively. Collected data were identical for all groups and consisted of measuring total fluid administered, urine output, and urine specific gravity (USG) for a 24-hour period. An analysis of variance (anova) was used for statistical analysis and a p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsUrine output was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in all groups compared with the LRS control group. The end mean USG was significantly lower (p = 0.003) in the LRS control group compared with all other groups.ConclusionsThere was a decrease in urine output with a CRI of morphine or fentanyl in both healthy and traumatized dogs.Clinical relevanceDecreased urine output caused by an opioid effect might lead to improper assessments of renal function and urine production. 相似文献
8.
An Open‐label Phase 1 Dose‐escalation Clinical Trial of a Single Intravenous Administration of Gemcitabine in Dogs with Advanced Solid Tumors 下载免费PDF全文
L. Marconato R. Finotello U. Bonfanti M. Dacasto L. Beatrice S. Pizzoni V.F. Leone G. Balestra T. Furlanello C. Rohrer Bley L. Aresu 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):620-625
Background
A broad range of gemcitabine dosages have been used in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To determine maximally tolerated dose (MTD), dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), and preliminary antitumor activity of intravenous administration of gemcitabine in dogs with advanced solid tumors.Animals
Twenty‐two client‐owned dogs.Methods
Dogs with advanced cancer were prospectively enrolled in an open‐label Phase 1 study of gemcitabine. Gemcitabine was administered as a 30‐minute intravenous bolus starting at 800 mg/m2, using escalation of 50 mg/m2 increments with 3 dogs per dose level. MTD was established based on the number of dogs experiencing DLT assessed after 1 cycle. Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicosis. Additional dogs were enrolled at MTD to better characterize tolerability, and to assess the extent and duration of gemcitabine excretion.Results
Twenty‐two dogs were treated at 4 dose levels, ranging from 800 to 950 mg/m2. Neutropenia was identified as DLT. MTD was 900 mg/m2. DLT consisting of grade 4 febrile neutropenia was observed at 950 mg/m2 in 2 dogs. There were no nonhematologic DLTs. Twenty dogs received multiple doses, and none had evidence of severe toxicosis from any of their subsequent treatments. At 900 mg/m2, 2 complete and 5 partial responses were observed in dogs with measurable tumors. The amount of gemcitabine excreted in urine decreased over time, and was undetectable after the first 24 hours.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
The recommended dose of gemcitabine for future Phase 2 studies is weekly 900 mg/m2. In chemotherapy‐naïve dogs with advanced solid tumor this dose level merits further evaluation. 相似文献9.
M.A. McMichael M. O'Brien S.A. Smith 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):499-504
Background
Blastomycosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease that most commonly affects humans and dogs. The organism causes systemic inflammation and has a predilection for the lungs. The inflammation might lead to a hypercoagulable state with microemboli in the pulmonary circulation which could contribute to inadequate oxygen exchange in infected dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
Dogs with blastomycosis will be hypercoagulable compared with healthy case‐matched controls.Animals
Client‐owned dogs with a diagnosis of blastomycosis (n = 23) and healthy case‐matched controls (n = 23).Methods
Prospective case‐controlled study of client‐owned dogs presented to a veterinary teaching hospital with clinical signs compatible with blastomycosis. Complete blood counts, fibrinogen, PT, aPTT, thromboelastometry (TE), thrombin antithrombin complexes (TAT), and thrombin generation were evaluated.Results
Cases had a leukocytosis compared with controls [mean (SD) 16.6 (7.6) × 103/μL versus 8.2 (1.8) × 103/μL, P < .001], hyperfibrinogenemia [median 784 mg/dL, range 329–1,443 versus median 178 mg/dL, range 82–257, P < .001], and increased TAT concentrations [mean (SD) 9.0 (5.7) μg/L versus 2.0 (2.8) μg/L, P < .001]. As compared to controls, cases were also hypercoagulable as evaluated by thromboelastometry and had increased in vitro thrombin generation on calibrated automated thrombography.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Hypercoagulability occurs in dogs with systemic blastomycosis. Additional studies are needed to explore a possible contribution of thrombogenicity to the clinical manifestations of systemic blastomycosis. 相似文献10.
Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Using Reticulocyte Indices in Dogs Enrolled in a Blood Donor Program 下载免费PDF全文
D.S. Foy K.R. Friedrichs J.F. Bach 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(5):1376-1380
Background
People donating blood more than twice annually are at risk of developing iron deficiency. Little is known about the iron status of dogs enrolled in blood donor programs.Hypothesis
Dogs donating blood ≥6 times annually will show evidence of iron deficiency based on their reticulocyte indices.Animals
Thirteen dogs enrolled in a blood donor program donating ≥6 times over the preceding 12 months and 20 healthy nondonor control dogs.Methods
Prospective observational study. Mature red blood cell (RBC) indices, reticulocyte indices, serum iron, serum ferritin, and total iron‐binding capacity (TIBC) were compared between groups.Results
Packed cell volume (median 47%, range 40–52%, P < .01), hematocrit (median 46.4%, range 40.3–52.5%, P < .01), and reticulocyte count (median 16,000/μL, range 9,000–38,000/μL, P < .01) were significantly lower in the blood donor dogs. No statistically significant differences were noted in the mature RBC indices between groups. Both reticulocyte mean corpuscular volume (median 88.8 fL, range 83.4–95.5 fL, P = .03) and reticulocyte hemoglobin content (median 24.6 pg, range 23.1–26.6 pg, P < .01) were significantly lower in the blood donor group. Serum iron and ferritin were similar between groups; however, TIBC was significantly higher in the control group (median 403 μg/dL, range 225–493 μg/dL, P = .02).Conclusions
The findings in dogs donating ≥6 times annually suggest the presence of iron‐deficient erythropoiesis in this population. 相似文献11.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):801-807
Background
Hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in human patients and is associated with substantial morbidity and death. The incidence and importance of hyponatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hyponatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
Of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hyponatremia and its associated fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L below the reference range) or severe hyponatremia (≥16 mmol/L below the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
Of 4,254 dogs (25.5%) and 2,081 cats (49.4%) were diagnosed with hyponatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hyponatremia were 13.7% and 11.9%, respectively, compared to 4.4% and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < 0.0001). The magnitude of hyponatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < 0.0001). Hyponatremia was associated with a lower case fatality rate than hypernatremia in the same population. Among the animals with moderate or severe hyponatremia, 92.1% of dogs and 90.6% of cats presented with community‐acquired hyponatremia, and 7.9% of dogs and 9.4% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hyponatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hyponatremia was found commonly in this population and was associated with increased case fatality rate. Presence and severity of hyponatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献12.
Leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution, is caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. In dogs, this disease is frequently misdiagnosed. Few studies have attempted to associate the detection of Leptospira spp. infection with clinicopathological and renal histopathological findings using a multidisciplinary approach. The present study isolated and characterized Leptospira spp. obtained from naturally infected dogs and described relevant clinical and histopathological findings. Blood and urine were collected from 57 dogs with clinical symptomatology suggestive of leptospirosis; 38 cases were confirmed by PCR in urine or by culture or microscopic agglutination testing (titers ≥800). A total of 12 strains of pathogenic Leptospira were isolated from the studied dogs (seven in blood, four in urine and one in both blood and urine samples). All isolates were characterized as Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae. Of the confirmed cases, almost one-third of the animals had been vaccinated. Our analysis of laboratory testing revealed that azotemia and proteinuria were statistically significant predictors of infection. The main histopathological findings seen in kidney tissues were necrosis, degeneration, tubular regeneration, mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate and congestion. A multidisciplinary approach involving clinicopathological and histopathological characterization of renal involvement can aid in the identification of acute leptospirosis infection. 相似文献
13.
Y. Ueda K. Hopper S.E. Epstein 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(3):794-800
Background
Hypernatremia has been associated with substantial morbidity and death in human patients. The incidence and importance of hypernatremia in dogs and cats has not been determined.Hypothesis/Objectives
To describe the incidence of and prognosis associated with hypernatremia in dogs and cats at a university teaching hospital.Animals
A total of 16,691 dogs and 4,211 cats with measured blood or serum sodium concentration.Methods
Retrospective study. Medical records of animals with a blood or serum sodium concentration measured during a 60‐month period were reviewed to determine the severity of hypernatremia and its associated case fatality rate. Cases with moderate (11–15 mmol/L above the reference range) or severe hypernatremia (≥16 mmol/L above the reference range) were further reviewed.Results
A total of 957 dogs (5.7%) and 338 cats (8.0%) were diagnosed with hypernatremia. Case fatality rates of dogs and cats with hypernatremia was 20.6 and 28.1%, respectively compared to 4.4 and 4.5% with a normal blood or serum sodium concentration (P < .0001). The magnitude of hypernatremia was linearly associated with a higher case fatality rate (P < .0001). Hypernatremia was associated with a higher case fatality rate than hyponatremia. Among the animals with moderate or severe hypernatremia, 50% of dogs and 38.5% of cats presented with community‐acquired hypernatremia, and 50% of dogs and 61.5% of cats developed hospital‐acquired hypernatremia.Conclusions and clinical importance
Hypernatremia was found infrequently in this population but was associated with increased case fatality rates in dogs and cats. Presence and severity of hypernatremia might be useful as a prognostic indicator. 相似文献14.
Comparison between Urine Protein: Creatinine Ratios of Samples Obtained from Dogs in Home and Hospital Settings 下载免费PDF全文
M.E. Duffy A. Specht R.C. Hill 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1029-1035
Background
The urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPC) is used to quantify urine protein excretion and guide recommendations for monitoring and treatment of proteinuria.Hypothesis/Objectives
Home urine samples will have lower UPCs than hospital samples. The objectives were to compare UPCs of samples collected in each setting and to determine whether environment of sample collection might affect staging, monitoring or treatment recommendations.Animals
Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs.Methods
Prospective, nonmasked study. Clients collected a urine sample from their dog at home and a second sample was collected at the hospital. Dogs receiving corticosteroids or angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors were excluded, as were those with urine samples of inadequate volume, no protein on dipstick analysis, or active urine sediment. Samples were refrigerated after collection, dipstick and sediment evaluations were completed and each sample was frozen at −80°C within 12 hours. UPCs were performed on frozen samples within 2 months.Results
From 81 paired samples, 57 were excluded. Of the remaining 24, 12/24 (50%) had higher hospital sample UPCs, 9/24 (38%) had identical UPCs, and 3/24 (12%) had lower hospital UPCs. The UPCs of hospital samples were higher than home samples for the total population (P = .005) and the subset with UPC > 0.5 (P = .001).Conclusions
Setting and related circumstances of urine collection in dogs is associated with UPC differences; results are usually higher in hospital than in home samples. This difference has the potential to affect clinical interpretation. 相似文献15.
K. Yore B. DiGangi M. Brewer N. Balakrishnan E.B. Breitschwerdt M. Lappin 《Veterinary parasitology》2014,199(3-4):225-229
Several Bartonella spp. associated with fleas can induce a variety of clinical syndromes in both dogs and humans. However, few studies have investigated the prevalence of Bartonella in the blood of dogs and their fleas. The objectives of this study were to determine the genera of fleas infesting shelter dogs in Florida, the prevalence of Bartonella spp. within the fleas, and the prevalence of Bartonella spp. within the blood of healthy dogs from which the fleas were collected. Fleas, serum, and EDTA-anti-coagulated whole blood were collected from 80 healthy dogs, and total DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of Bartonella spp. The genera of fleas infesting 43 of the dogs were determined phenotypically. PCR amplicons from blood and flea pools were sequenced to confirm the Bartonella species. Amplicons for which sequencing revealed homology to Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii (Bvb) underwent specific genotyping by targeting the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region.A total of 220 fleas were collected from 80 dogs and pooled by genus (43 dogs) and flea species. Bartonella spp. DNA was amplified from 14 of 80 dog blood samples (17.5%) and from 9 of 80 pooled fleas (11.3%). B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii DNA was amplified from nine dogs and five of the flea pools. Bartonella rochalimae (Br) DNA was amplified from six dogs and two flea pools. One of 14 dogs was co-infected with Bvb and Br. The dog was infested with Pulex spp. fleas containing Br DNA and a single Ctenocephalides felis flea. Of the Bvb bacteremic dogs, five and four were infected with genotypes II and I, respectively. Of the Bvb PCR positive flea pools, three were Bvb genotype II and two were Bvb genotype I.Amplification of Bvb DNA from Pulex spp. collected from domestic dogs, suggests that Pulex fleas may be a vector for dogs and a source for zoonotic transfer of this pathogen from dogs to people. The findings of this study provide evidence to support the hypothesis that flea-infested dogs may be a reservoir host for Bvb and Br and that ectoparasite control is an important component of shelter intake protocols. 相似文献
16.
Sabri A. Rahman Kuan H. Khor Siti Khairani-Bejo Seng F. Lau Mazlina Mazlan Azri Roslan Soon H. Goh 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2021,33(5):834
Leptospirosis is a serious bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals. A wide range of symptoms have been described in humans; the disease in dogs is commonly associated with kidney and/or liver disease. In Malaysia, information about the common serovars infecting dogs is limited. Therefore, we investigated the occurrences of leptospirosis in 124 pet dogs diagnosed with kidney and/or liver disease. Blood, urine, abdominal effusion, and/or kidney and liver were collected from the dogs. Based on microscopic agglutination testing, 53 of 124 (42.7%) dogs were seropositive for leptospiral exposure. Sera were frequently positive to serovars Bataviae (n = 12), Javanica (n = 10), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (n = 10). Direct detection using PCR showed that 42 of 124 (33.9%) of the whole blood and 36 of 113 (31.9%) urine samples were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. By PCR, 2 of 23 (9.1%) kidney and 2 of 23 (9.1%) liver were positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. Abdominal effusion from 4 dogs were PCR-positive for pathogenic Leptospira spp. The species detected were L. interrogans, L. borgpetersenii, L. kirschneri, and L. kmetyi by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. We further identified and characterized 11 Leptospira spp. isolates from 8 dogs as serovars Bataviae, Javanica, and Australis. The mortality rate of the Leptospira-infected dogs was high (18 of 53; 34%). 相似文献
17.
A.J. German J.M. Titcomb S.L. Holden Y. Queau P.J. Morris V. Biourge 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(6):1547-1555
Background
Most weight loss studies in obese dogs assess rate and percentage of weight loss in the first 2–3 months, rather than the likelihood of successfully reaching target weight.Objective
To determine outcome of controlled weight loss programs for obese dogs, and to determine the factors associated with successful completion.Animals
143 obese dogs undergoing a controlled weight loss program.Methods
This was a cohort study of obese dogs attending a referral weight management clinic. Dogs were studied during their period of weight loss, and cases classified according to outcome as “completed” (reached target weight), “euthanized” (was euthanized before reaching target weight), or “stopped prematurely” (program stopped early for other reasons). Factors associated with successful completion were assessed using simple and multiple logistic regression.Results
87/143 dogs (61%) completed their weight loss program, 11 [8%] died or were euthanized, and the remaining 45 [32%] stopped prematurely. Reasons for dogs stopping prematurely included inability to contact owner, refusal to comply with weight management advice, or development of another illness. Successful weight loss was positively associated with a faster rate (P < .001), a longer duration (P < .001), and feeding a dried weight management diet (P = .010), but negatively associated with starting body fat (P < .001), and use of dirlotapide (P = .0046).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance
Just over half of all obese dogs on a controlled weight loss program reach their target weight. Future studies should better clarify reasons for success in individual cases, and also the role of factors such as activity and behavioral modification. 相似文献18.
Detection and characterization of Clostridium perfringens in the feces of healthy and diarrheic dogs
Michael R. Goldstein Stephen A. Kruth Alexa M.E. Bersenas Marie K. Holowaychuk J. Scott Weese 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2012,76(3):161-165
Clostridium perfringens has been implicated as a cause of diarrhea in dogs. The objectives of this study were to compare 2 culture methods and to evaluate a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to detect C. perfringens toxin genes alpha (α), beta (β ), beta 2 (β2), epsilon (ɛ), iota (ι), and C. perfringens enterotoxin (cpe) from canine isolates. Fecal samples were collected from clinically normal non-diarrheic (ND) dogs, (n = 105) and diarrheic dogs (DD, n = 54). Clostridium perfringens was isolated by directly inoculating stool onto 5% sheep blood agar (SBA) and enrichment in brain-heart infusion (BHI) broth, followed by inoculation onto SBA. Isolates were tested by multiplex PCR for the presence of α, β, β2, ɛ, ι, and cpe genes. C. perfringens was isolated from 84% of ND samples using direct culture and from 87.6% with enrichment (P = 0.79). In the DD group, corresponding isolation rates were 90.7% and 93.8% (P = 0.65). All isolates possessed the α toxin gene. Beta (β), β2, ɛ, ι, and cpe toxin genes were identified in 4.5%, 1.1%, 3.4%, 1.1%, and 14.8% of ND isolates, respectively. In the DD group, β and β2 were identified in 5%, ɛ and ι were not identified, and the cpe gene was identified in 16.9% of isolates. Enrichment with BHI broth did not significantly increase the yield of C. perfringens, but it did increase the time and cost of the procedure. C. perfringens toxin genes were present in equal proportions in both the ND and DD groups (P ≤ 0.15 to 0.6). Within the parameters of this study, culture of C. perfringens and PCR for toxin genes is of limited diagnostic usefulness due to its high prevalence in normal dogs and the lack of apparent difference in the distribution of toxin genes between normal and diarrheic dogs. 相似文献
19.
L.A. Starkey A.W. Barrett M.J. Beall R. Chandrashekar B. Thatcher P. Tyrrell S.E. Little 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(2):552-555
Background
Ehrlichia ewingii, which causes disease in dogs and people, is the most common Ehrlichia spp. infecting dogs in the United States, but little is known about how long E. ewingii infection persists in dogs.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the persistence of natural infection with E. ewingii in dogs.Animals
Four Class A Beagles; no previous exposure to ticks or tick‐borne infectious agents.Methods
Dogs were exposed to ticks by weekly walks through tick habitat in north central Oklahoma; dogs positive for infection with Ehrlichia spp. by sequence‐confirmed PCR and peptide‐specific serology were evaluated for 733 days (D). Whole blood was collected once weekly for PCR, and serum was collected once monthly for detection of antibodies to Ehrlichia canis (peptide p16), Ehrlichia chaffeensis (indirect fluorescence antibody [IFA] and variable‐length PCR target [VLPT]), and E. ewingii (peptide p28).Results
All dogs (4/4) became infected with Ehrlichia spp. as evidenced by seroconversion on IFA to E. chaffeensis (4/4); PCR detection of E. ewingii (4/4) and E. chaffeensis (2/4) DNA using both nested and real‐time assays; and presence of specific antibodies to E. ewingii (4/4) and E. chaffeensis (2/4). Infection with E. chaffeensis was not detected after D55. Intermittent E. ewingii rickettsemia persisted in 3 of 4 dogs for as long as 733 days.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Our data demonstrate that dogs infected with E. ewingii from tick feeding are capable of maintaining infection with this pathogen long‐term, and may serve as a reservoir host for the maintenance of E. ewingii in nature. 相似文献20.
C. Wong S.E. Epstein J.L. Westropp 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1045-1052