盐酸环丙沙星注射液对仔猪大肠杆菌病的临床药效试验

盐酸环丙沙星注射液对仔猪大肠杆菌病的临床药效试验王树槐，潘松年（中国兽药监察所）环丙沙星（Ｃｉｐｒｏｆｌｏｘａｃｉｎ）属第三代喹诺酮类抗菌药物。该药对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌有很强的抗菌活性，对革兰氏阳性菌ＭＩＣ为０．０１５－０．７８μｇ／ｍｌ，对革兰氏...     

东亚飞蝗抗菌活性物质的萃取及抗菌效应研究

试验研究东亚飞蝗成虫抗菌活性物质的萃取参数与抑菌效应。采用针刺蘸大肠杆菌菌悬液方法,以抗菌活性为指标,用杯碟法测定临床多重耐药菌的抑菌活性,确定最佳诱导时间,初步研究抗菌谱。结果表明,东亚飞蝗抗菌活性物质粗提液对革兰氏阳性菌(如金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌)或革兰氏阴性菌(如大肠杆菌、水稻白叶枯病原菌)均有一定的抑制作用。其抗菌谱为:金黄色葡萄球>水稻白叶枯病原菌>枯草芽孢杆菌>大肠杆菌,其中以对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果最明显。抗菌活性物质浓度为11.782mg/mL,蝗虫抗菌活性物质收率为8.623%。经纯化后的抗菌活性物质增强对革兰氏阳性菌或革兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用。采用针刺蘸大肠杆菌方式可成功诱导东亚飞蝗抗菌物质的表达,尤其以针刺蘸大肠杆菌诱导后饲养24h得到的抗菌活性物质抑菌活性最强。结果表明东亚飞蝗虫体内含有抗菌活性物质可被诱导表达,其抗菌作用机理有进一步研究。     

替米考星在兽医临床上应用的研究概况

替米考星（Tilmicosin）是一种较新的由泰乐菌素半合成的大环内酯类畜禽专用抗生素，８０年代由英国Elanco动物保健品公司开发成功。替米考星由于其特殊的抗菌活性和药动学特征已被批准临床用于牛、山羊、绵羊、奶牛、猪、鸡等动物感染性疾病，特别是畜禽呼吸道疾病，如家畜放线杆菌性胸膜肺炎、巴氏杆菌病和鸡霉形体病等和泌乳动物乳房炎的治疗。为了解替米考星及其应用，现将有关抗菌活性、药动学、药效学、毒理学与临床应用等方面的研究分别概述如下。１抗菌活性替米考星具有同泰乐菌素相似的广谱抗菌活性，对革兰氏阳性菌和某些革兰氏…     

氟苯尼考对猪链球菌病的疗效试验

氟甲砜霉素（氟苯尼考，Fiorfenicol）系氯霉素族药物中的一种动物专用广谱抗生素，其结构与甲砜霉素相似，但抗菌活性、抗菌谱及不良反应方面明显优于甲矾霉素，其抗菌能力可达甲砜霉素的10倍之多。对95％的常见病原菌高度敏感，对革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌均有强大的抑制作用；速效、长效、安全可靠、残留低、无交叉耐药性、安全范围大。     

盐酸沙拉沙星对禽猪致病菌的体外抗菌作用

本试验选用15株禽常见致病菌，用两倍试管稀释法对盐酸沙拉沙星进行最小抑菌浓度（MIC）测定，以给临床用药提供依据。结果表明沙拉沙星的抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强，对革兰氏阳性菌、阴性菌均有抑制作用，其中对革兰氏阴性菌尤其是对鸡大肠杆菌、鸡白痢沙门氏菌的作用较强。     

恩诺沙星对雏鸭体内大肠杆菌抗菌作用观察

恩诺沙星广泛应用于兽医临床，尤其对革兰氏阴性菌具有很强的抗菌活性。此类药物抗菌活性的研究主要是进行体外抑菌试验和药效学研究。前者是在人工培养基上进行，其结果虽具一定参考价值，也有一定局限性；后者在多数情况下是以一两种剂量进行。研究抗菌药物的体内抗菌活性，对评价不同药物以及同一药物不同制剂的临床疗效更具实际意义。     

几种鸭常用抗生素类药物的作用及使用方法

1庆大霉素 本品是常用的氨基糖苷类抗生素,其抗菌活性强,对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌,如绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌等都有抗菌作用,对结核杆菌、霉形体亦有较强的作用。本品与青霉素或头孢菌素合用抗菌谱扩大,抗菌活性增强,临床上常用于各种敏感菌所致的呼吸道、肠道感染以及败血症等,如禽霍乱、鸭疫巴氏杆菌病、禽副伤寒、衣原体病等。     

硫酸头孢喹肟治疗猪细菌性呼吸道病的疗效试验

头孢喹肟属第4代头孢类抗生素,抗菌谱广,抗菌活性强,对临床分离的各种革兰氏阳性菌菌、革兰氏阴性菌的MIC50、MIC50值均较小[1].     

家蝇抗菌肽的分离纯化及生物学活性

将诱导家蝇提取的家蝇抗菌肽提取物，经凝胶过滤层析和离子交换层析，得到具有抗菌活性的单一峰，质谱结果显示抗菌肽分离物含有4种小肽，相对分子质量678．3～1017．2。家蝇抗菌肽对革兰氏阴性菌（大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌）的抗菌活性优于革兰氏阳性菌（金黄葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌），对耐药性巴氏杆菌有较强的抗菌活性，对大肠杆菌的MIC为4．2～8．4mg／L，对耐药性巴氏杆菌的MIC为3．8～7．8mg／L。扫描电镜观察发现，家蝇抗菌肽通过损伤细胞壁使细胞质外流而达到杀菌的目的。家蝇抗菌肽对家兔、鸡、猪、小鼠、番鸭、鹅和家鸭红细胞无溶血反应和凝集反应。‘     

恩诺沙星应用评价

恩诺沙星又名乙基环丙沙星,是第三代氟喹诺酮类抗菌药,为动物专用,因具有抗菌谱广、抗菌活性强、生物利用度高、毒副作用小等优点而受到国内外临床兽医的关注,在临床上已被广泛应用。1抗菌作用恩诺沙星为广谱抗菌药,对大肠杆菌、沙门氏杆菌、嗜血杆菌、巴氏杆菌等革兰氏阴性菌有很强的抗菌作用;对革兰氏阳性菌亦表现出良好的抗菌作用。对革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌活性优于青霉素、头孢菌素及氨基糖甙类抗生素;对鸡败血霉形体效果尤为显著,抗霉形体的效力比泰乐菌素和泰妙灵强,对耐泰乐菌素、泰妙灵的霉形体亦有效。恩诺沙星对常见致病菌的MIC(最…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …