藏绵羊肌红蛋白（Mb）基因克隆及肌肉Mb含量的测定

为探索藏绵羊适应青藏高原缺氧环境的分子机制,克隆了藏绵羊的肌红蛋白（Mb）基因,纯化了心肌Mb,同时比较了心肌和骨骼肌的Mb含量。用RT-PCR克隆了心肌Mb的cDNA,长度为640 bp,编码153个氨基酸。试验采用盐析、CM-Sephadex离子交换层析、Sephadex G-50凝胶层析等方法分离纯化了藏绵羊Mb,SDS-PAGE分析其分子量约为17kD。组织含量测定表明,藏绵羊心肌中Mb含量极显著高于骨骼肌。     

An Evaluation of Immunofluorescence and PCR. Methods for Detection of Rabies in Archival Carnoy-Fixed,Paraffin-Embedded Brain Tissue*

Direct immunofluorescence and PCR detection methods were compared for sensitivity in evaluating the rabies status of archival specimens of Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue. The material consisted of 23 samples obtained during a rabies outbreak in Finland in 1988, and one sample isolated from a bat researcher who died of rabies in Finland in 1985. These results were compared with the original diagnoses performed on the fresh tissues. The immunofluorescence assay detected 100% (12/12) of the rabies-positive archival cases. A PCR assay designed to detect a 139-bp target near the 5′ end of the rabies nucleoprotein gene also detected 100% (12/12) of the samples identified as positive in the fresh tissue specimens. A PCR assay designed to detect a 304-bp target spanning the 139-bp target of the first assay detected only 67% (8/12) of the original cases. No false positives were recorded. Both immunofluorescence detection of antigen and PCR detection of a short region of the nucleoprotein gene are useful in determining the rabies status of fixed, paraffin-embedded (archival) material.     

用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测猪瘟病毒

为了建立能特异检测不同基因型猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV),同时又能区分其他瘟病毒的基因检测方法,本实验针对CSFV基因组5′端非编码区设计并合成了简并引物和TaqMan探针,在优化反应条件的基础上,成功地建立了特异检测CSFV的荧光定量RT-PCR检测方法。再以已知滴度的CSFV石门株血毒总RNA反转录产物建立标准品,该标准品可以用于定量临床样品中的CSFV滴度,所建立的荧光定量PCR方法可以灵敏地检测出10~(-0.82)个TCID_(50)病毒含量。最后用建立的方法对108份临床样品进行检测并同时进行病毒分离,荧光定量PCR方法检测出73份阳性样品且与病毒分离的符合率为100%,而常规RT-PCR只检测出54份阳性样品,表明本荧光定量RT-PCR法在检测猪瘟病料上具有潜在的应用价值。     

用套式RT-PCR技术检测石蜡包埋组织中的猪瘟病毒RNA

利用套式反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)技术,对实验性感染猪瘟病毒猪的福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织标本中的病毒RNA进行检测,将所扩增产物点样于尼龙膜上进行Dot-blotting鉴定,扩增结果与各器官的病理组织学变化进行了比较。从攻毒对照组猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、淋巴结和扁桃体中检出了猪瘟病毒RNA,未从免疫攻毒猪只的脏器中检出猪瘟病毒RNA;所有扩增产物经Dot-blotting鉴定均得到了阳性信号;病毒基因的检出率与猪瘟病毒导致的病理组织学变化程度相一致。本试验成功建立了套式RT-PCR技术检测石蜡包埋组织中的猪瘟病毒RNA方法,为猪瘟病毒的诊断和回顾性分析提供了技术手段。     

禽流感群特异性间接原位RT-PCR检测方法

从GenBank下载禽流感病毒(Auian in fluenza virus,AIV)NP基因序列,通过比对选取NP基因中较为保守的片段,设计1对引物,通过RT-PCR方法扩增270 bp的目的片段,经测序确认目的片段序列正确后,用地高辛标记扩增产物制备探针.在BSL-3实验室,用AIV人工感染鸡胚成纤维细胞和SPF鸡后,制作细胞涂片和组织石蜡切片,然后在经前处理后的细胞涂片和石蜡切片上进行原位RT-PCR,再与地高辛标记的探针进行原位杂交,对细胞和组织中的AIV进行检测和定位.研究结果表明,本方法能检测出约1μg/L质粒的DNA,并能特异性地在细胞涂片和石蜡组织切片中检测和定位AIV,且成纤维细胞感染病毒8 h后即可检测到阳性信号,具有良好的特异性和较高的敏感性,为动物组织中AIV的检测定位和致病机理研究提供了敏感、特异和更为直观的方法.     

Cloning of canine Toll-like receptor 7 gene and its expression in dog tissues

Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is activated by single strand RNA and imidazoquinoline compounds, and induces interferon production. In this study, canine TLR7 cDNA was cloned and sequenced. The full-length cDNA of canine TLR7 gene was 3419bp, encoding 1032 amino acids. The similarities of canine TLR7 with human and mouse TLR7 were 84 and 80% at the nucleotide sequence level, and 86 and 79% at amino acid sequence level, respectively. Further, the expression of TLR7 mRNA was investigated in canine normal tissues by semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis. The common expression level of TLR7 mRNA in tissues from three dogs examined was in large intestine, lung, pancreas, small intestine and skin, though the expression level in each tissue was varied among these healthy dogs. In other tissues (kidney, liver, lymph node, spleen, adrenal gland, and PBMCs), the level of TLR7 mRNA expression was different in individuals.     

An evaluation of immunofluorescence and PCR methods for detection of rabies in archival Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue.

Direct immunofluorescence and PCR detection methods were compared for sensitivity in evaluating the rabies status of archival specimens of Carnoy-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue. The material consisted of 23 samples obtained during a rabies outbreak in Finland in 1988, and one sample isolated from a bat researcher who died of rabies in Finland in 1985. These results were compared with the original diagnoses performed on the fresh tissues. The immunofluorescence assay detected 100% (12/12) of the rabies-positive archival cases. A PCR assay designed to detect a 139-bp target near the 5' end of the rabies nucleoprotein gene also detected 100% (12/12) of the samples identified as positive in the fresh tissue specimens. A PCR assay designed to detect a 304-bp target spanning the 139-bp target of the first assay detected only 67% (8/12) of the original cases. No false positives were recorded. Both immunofluorescence detection of antigen and PCR detection of a short region of the nucleoprotein gene are useful in determining the rabies status of fixed, paraffin embedded (archival) material.     

寡核苷酸探针原位检测石蜡切片中PRRSV核酸

根据GenBank收录的美洲型猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）ATCCVR-2332株ORF6和ORF7基因序列，用O1igo软件设计并合成大小为37bp的寡核苷酸探针，经生物素标记后，成功建立了原住检测石蜡组织切片中PRRSV核酸的方法。该探针能检测到56PgPRRSV核酸的RT—PCR产物DNA，能特异检测出PRRSV核酸及其PCR产物，而对猪瘟病毒（HCV）、猪细小病毒（PPV）、猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）、猪乙脑病毒（JEV）的核酸呈阴性反应。应用该方法检测PRRSVSC-1株人工感染的28日龄仔猪，在感染后7d即可在肺脏、肾脏、扁桃体、胸腺、肺门淋巴结、十二指肠和大脑检测到PRRSV核酸。该法可用于仔猪PRRSV感染的诊断和组织中核酸的定位及分布研究，也可用于甲醛固定组织的回顾性诊断。     

Identification of porcine circovirus in tissues of pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome

Thirty-three pigs affected by porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome, 30 from Spain and three from the USA, were investigated in order to detect porcine circovirus (PCV) in their tissues. A standard in situ hybridisation technique using a specific DNA 317-bp probe based on a well-conserved sequence of PCV (which recognises both PCV-1 and PCV-2) was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Twenty-eight of the 30 Spanish pigs and all three American pigs had PCV in at least one tissue. Viral nucleic acid was detected mainly in lymphoid organs, and especially the lymph nodes. The viral genome was also found, in order of decreasing quantity, in Peyer's patches, tonsil, lung, spleen, kidney, liver, and skin. Viral nucleic acid was located mainly within the cytoplasm of monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, including follicular dendritic cells, macrophages, histiocytes and Kupffer cells. No viral nucleic acid was found in damaged glomeruli or arteriolar walls. In frozen samples available from three Spanish pigs, the virus was identified as type 2 by using the polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Most of the pigs from which serum was available were seropositive against porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), and PRRSV antigen was detected in the lung of two of the Spanish pigs. These results suggested that PCV is present in tissues of almost all pigs affected by PDNS, and PCV has to be considered as a possible agent involved in the pathogenesis of the syndrome.