饲料蛋白质和维生素C含量对黄颡鱼生长和免疫力的影响

将黄颡鱼种放养在网箱中,投喂蛋白质含量30.0%、38.0%或46.0%和维生素C磷酸酯0、500、1000或1500mg·kg-1的半纯饲料。50d的饲养表明:饲料蛋白质含量在38%～40%时,鱼的特殊生长率和蛋白质效率最高,饲料系数最低。饲料维生素C磷酸酯含量为847、850、994和634mg·kg-1时,血清总蛋白、γ球蛋白、溶菌酶活性最高,超氧化物歧化酶活力最低。饲料蛋白质含量从30%上升到38%时,鱼体蛋白含量由60.95%升到69.86%,脂肪由29.27%降至21.69%;达46%时,鱼体蛋白(64.35%)含量下降,而脂肪(26.06%)含量上升。饲料粗蛋白含量为38%时,鱼肌肉中饱和与单不饱和脂肪酸的含量分别极显著地低于和显著高于饲料粗蛋白为30%和46%组。后两组鱼肌肉n-3/n-6值极显著和显著高于饲料蛋白含量为38%时,两个高蛋白饲料组中,鱼肌肉中n-6系列多不饱和脂肪酸和亚麻酸含量极显著和显著高于饲料蛋白30%组。黄颡鱼种饲料中蛋白质和维生素C的最适含量分别为35.58%～40.60%和600～800mg·kg-1。     

饵料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长和体色的影响

试验探讨了饵料中添加不同水平的维生素E对黄颡鱼生长及体色的影响,在基础饵料中分别添加0(对照组)、0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8和1.0 g/kg维生素E(含量50%)配制成1～6#饵料,在1～6#饵料中维生素E含量分别为68、175、268、364、482和562 mg/kg。在水温26～28℃下,用上述饵料分别投喂体重(21.18±13.31)g的黄颡鱼60 d,从相对增重率、饵料系数和成活率等方面来看,黄颡鱼饵料中维生素E适宜含量为268 mg/kg。     

不同动植物蛋白比对黄颡鱼生长的影响

配制粗蛋白含量为42．5％，以鱼粉为动物蛋白源，豆饼为植物蛋白源，用动物性蛋白质占粗蛋白比例为75％、67％、50％、33％的4种饲料，在水泥池内饲养11．06-11.58g的黄颡鱼50d，以增重率、饵料系数和蛋白质效率为依据，评价各饵料的饲养结果。结果表明：动物性蛋白质占粗蛋白比例为67％的饲料，其饲养效果最好，各组间差别十分显著(P＜0．01)。     

饲料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能及免疫功能的影响

本研究探讨了饲料中不同维生素E添加量对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼生长和免疫的影响。在以鱼粉、豆粕为蛋白源的基础饲料中分别添加0mg/kg(对照组)、25mg/kg、75mg/kg、125mg/kg和175mg/kg的维生素E配成5种实验饲料。在水温(24.0±3.0)℃下,用上述实验饲料分别饲喂平均体质量约为5.1g的黄颡鱼幼鱼50d。实验结果表明,饲料中维生素E的添加量对黄颡鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率的影响不显著(P0.05);而添加量为175mg/kg时,黄颡鱼摄食率显著降低(P0.05);随着饲料中维生素E添加量的增高,黄颡鱼血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性未产生显著变化(P0.05);添加量为125mg/kg和175mg/kg时,血浆中丙二醛(MDA)的含量显著降低(P0.05);白细胞吞噬指数随添加量升高显著上升(P0.05),而吞噬百分率没有显著变化(P0.05)。综合以上结果,饲料中添加适量的维生素E可适当改善黄颡鱼的摄食,增强黄颡鱼的非特异性免疫力和抗氧化能力,从而提高动物的健康状况。推荐在黄颡鱼幼鱼饲料中添加125mg/kg的维生素E。     

黄颡鱼1冬龄鱼种的生长研究

对均重为1.25g和3.19g两种规格黄颡鱼1冬龄鱼种的生长研究表明：在自然条件下，人工投喂配合饲料，经过28d培育，体重分别由1.25g增至1.87g,3.19g增至7.67g，平均日增重分别为0.022g和0.160g，总成活率为92.62%。其体长与体重呈正相关。鱼种体重达3g以上时，生长速度加快，且个体间生长速度的差异较大。在人工投喂配合饲料的条件下，鱼种对饲料中粗蛋白含量的要求约为38.54%。     

pH对黄颡鱼生存和生长的影响

黄颡鱼急性毒性试验。96h时pH＝8.2试验组有半数死亡,pH＝3.4试验组有42.9%的试验鱼死邙,说明黄颡鱼耐酸能力较强。黄颡鱼生长试验,pH＝7.6组增重最多,而pH＝5.2增重最少,在pH5.2－7.6范围内生长和pH密切相关,最适于黄颡鱼生长的pH范围为7.0-7.6。     

酶制剂对黄颡鱼生长性能的影响

研究了黄颡鱼日粮中添加酶制剂对其生产性能的影响。试验用平均体重6.5g的黄颡鱼540尾分成5组（4个试验和1个对应组），每个试验组设2个平行，酶制剂分别按0％、0.05%、0．10％、0．15％、0．25％添加，通过40天的饲养试验。试验结果表明：添加酶制剂可以提高黄颡鱼的生长速度和饲料转化率（P＜0．05）其最佳添加水平为0．15％。     

不同饵料对黄颡鱼生长的影响

由于大量无序捕捞和水环境恶化等原因，自然水域中黄颡鱼产量越来越少，不能满足市场需求，因此近年来各地进行其人工养殖。但黄颡鱼苗种培育成活率较低，制约了黄颡鱼养殖的大面积推广。笔者比较了四种饵料对黄颡鱼稚鱼体长增长的影响，以期为该鱼的苗种培育提供参考。     

复合酶制剂对黄颡鱼生长性能、血清生化和免疫指标的影响

选取360尾初始体质量约为2.48 g的黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)幼鱼,随机分为4组,分别投喂添加0(对照)、100 mg·kg-1、200 mg·kg-1和400 mg·kg-1复合酶制剂的试验饲料,养殖8周。结果表明,黄颡鱼的增重率、特定生长率和摄食量随复合酶制剂添加量的增加而升高,其中400 mg·kg-1组的增重率、特定生长率和摄食量分别比对照组高出15.4%、7.5%和20.3%(P<0.05)。各组黄颡鱼的粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分质量分数差异不显著(P>0.05)。随着复合酶制剂水平的增加,血清尿素浓度逐渐降低,血清谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力和总蛋白质量浓度升高,血清溶菌酶活力则先升高后降低,在100~200 mg·kg-1时有最高值(P<0.05);血清超氧化物歧化酶活力和丙二醛质量摩尔浓度均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。饲料中添加400 mg·kg-1复合酶制剂能显著提高黄颡鱼的生长性能和血清谷丙转氨酶活力,降低血清尿素水平;200 mg·kg-1能显著提高血清总蛋白质量浓度、谷草转氨酶和溶菌酶活力。     

黄颡鱼生长特征与食性的研究

本文研究了黄颡鱼的生长特征及食性，得到黄颡鱼体长与体重的关系式为Ｗ＝３．５７１×１０＾－４Ｌ＾２．３７９，体长生长方程为Ｌｔ＝２３７．００２（１－ｅ＾－０．２８０（ｔ＋０．１２７），主要食物为虾类，其次为小鱼、鱼卵等。     

Effect of dietary vitamin C on the growth performance,antioxidant ability and innate immunity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson)

A 12‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin C on growth performance, antioxidant status and innate immune responses in juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets (44% crude protein and 7% lipid) were formulated to contain six graded dietary vitamin C (ascorbate‐2‐poly‐ phosphate, ROVIMIX^® STAY‐C^® 35) levels ranging from 1.9 to 316.0 mg kg^?1 diet. The results of present study indicated that fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet had lower weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) than those fed the diets supplemented vitamin C. WG and SGR did significantly increase with dietary vitamin C levels increasing from 1.9 to 156.5 mg kg^?1. However, no significant increase was observed with further dietary vitamin C levels increasing from 156.5 to 316 mg kg^?1. Survival, protein efficiency ratio and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the dietary vitamin C levels. The activities of serum superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase significantly increased when dietary vitamin C levels increased from 1.9 to 156.5 mg kg^?1, fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet had higher serum malondialdehyde content than those fed the diets supplemented with vitamin C. Fish fed the diet containing 156.5 mg kg^?1 vitamin C had the highest lysozyme, total complement activity, phagocytosis index and respiratory burst of head kidney among all treatments. The challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila indicated that lower cumulative survival was observed in fish fed the lowest vitamin C diet. Analysis by broken‐line regression of SGR and lysozyme activity indicated that the dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was estimated to be 114.5 and 102.5 mg kg^?1 diet, respectively.     

Dietary copper requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

The present experiment was conducted to quantify dietary copper (Cu) requirement for juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The six experimental diets were formulated to contain the graded levels of CuSO₄·5H₂O (0, 0.005, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08 g kg^?1 diet respectively) providing the actual dietary copper values of 2.14 (control), 3.24, 4.57, 7.06, 12.22 and 22.25 mg Cu kg^?1 diet respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of yellow catfish (initial body weight: 3.13 ± 0.09 g, means ± SD) in an indoor static rearing system for 7 weeks. Fish fed the diet containing 3.24 mg Cu kg^?1 diet had the highest weight gain and specific growth rate, but they were not significantly different from that of fish fed the 4.57 and 7.06 mg Cu kg^?1 diets (P > 0.05). The poorest feed conversion rate, the lowest protein efficiency ratio, the lowest hepatosomatic index and viscerosomatic index were observed in fish fed the diet containing the highest Cu content diet (P < 0.05). Condition factor showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). Proximate composition of fish body was significantly affected by dietary copper level (P < 0.05). Cu contents of whole body and liver increased with dietary Cu levels (P < 0.05), but muscle Cu content remained relatively stable (P > 0.05). Analysis by the second‐order regression of SGR and linear regression of whole‐body Cu retention of the fish indicated that dietary Cu requirements in juvenile yellow catfish were 3.13–4.24 mg Cu kg^?1 diet.     

Responses of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco Richardson) to low‐protein diets and subsequent recovery

A 4‐week growth trial was conducted to investigate the effect of low‐protein diets on the growth and amino acid (AA) composition of yellow catfish, and subsequent recovery when the fish were then switched back to the control diet for a further 4 weeks. Three isolipidic and isocaloric diets containing 390 g kg^?1 (Control), 320 g kg^?1 (D320) and 260 g kg^?1 (D260) graded protein levels were evaluated. During the protein restriction period, specific growth rate (SGR) of D320‐and D260‐treated fish was significantly reduced by 20.79% and 29.21% compared to the control fish, respectively (P < 0.05), while significant improvements in protein retention efficiencies were observed in fish fed with the D320 (12.82%) and D260 (19.58%) diets (P < 0.05). The D260‐treated fish had significantly lower (0.87%) whole‐body essential amino acid (EAA) and significantly higher (0.74%) non‐essential amino aci (NEAA) concentrations compared to the control fish. After a 4‐week realimentation, significant increases in the SGR of the protein‐restricted fish were observed. However, no significant differences in the whole‐body EAA or NEAA concentrations among groups were observed (P > 0.05). The results indicate that previously protein‐restricted yellow catfish can compensate completely in terms of final body weight, growth rate and whole‐body AA concentrations.     

Effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Siluriformes, Bagridae, Pelteobagrus)

The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary protein to carbohydrate ratios on growth and body composition of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco . Nine diets were formulated to contain three protein levels (30%, 36% and 42%), each with three carbohydrate levels (24%, 30% and 36%). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 20 fish (initial mean body weight: 8.24±0.20 g) in indoor flow – through fibreglass tanks. The experiment continued for 8 weeks. Weight gain and specific growth rate were similar for the fish fed the 36% and 42% protein diets but higher than that fed the 30% protein diet. At the 36% protein level, carbohydrate contents varying from 24% to 36% ( P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹) had no significant effects on growth performance and feed utilization ( P >0.05). Protein efficiency ratio tended to increase with dietary carbohydrate level at the same protein level. Dietary treatments significantly influenced body composition ( P <0.05), but not the condition factor, viscerosomatic index, hepatosomatic index and intraperitoneal fat ratio ( P >0.05). Based on these observations, 36% protein and 24–36% carbohydrate with the P / E ratio of 24.0–28.2 mg protein kJ⁻¹ seemed suitable for optimal growth and feed utilization, and carbohydrate could cause protein-sparing effect in diets for juvenile yellow catfish.     

不同脂肪酸含量及比例对黄颡鱼幼体组成影响的研究

在粗蛋白42%和粗脂肪8%的半精制饵料中,添加不同剂量的鱼油、玉米油、花生油和芝麻油,使20C:5n-3(EPA)+22C:6n-3(DHA)的含量(占总脂肪的%)和n-3/n-6比例分别为14.942,0.728;15.551,0.851;19.365,1.238;19.976,1.345和20.457,1.406。饲喂黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco,Richardson)幼鱼50 d,研究了不同脂肪酸含量及比例对黄颡鱼幼鱼体组成的影响。结果表明,随着饵料中EPA+DHA的含量和n-3/n-6比例的逐渐增加,鱼体肌肉中水分含量逐渐增加,粗蛋白含量逐渐降低,肌肉中的n-3脂肪酸含量和n-3/n-6比例逐渐增加,肌肉的n-6和n-9脂肪酸含量逐渐降低。     

A study on dietary l‐lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to determine lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) by feeding formulated diets containing crystalline l ‐lysine. Six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets (405 g kg^?1 protein, 18 kJ g^?1 gloss energy) containing fish meal together with soybean protein concentrate as protein sources and fish oil together with soybean oil as lipid sources were formulated. Crystalline l ‐lysine was added into the six diets to acquire lysine concentrations of 17.3, 21.8, 26.0, 31.3, 35.5 and 41.9 g kg^?1 dry diets, respectively. Mixture of crystalline amino acid was supplemented to simulate the amino acid profile in muscle of yellow catfish. The results indicated that final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency (PE) increased with the increase in dietary lysine level from 17.3 to 31.3 g kg^?1 of diet and then decreased as the dietary lysine levels further increased. No significant difference in survival rate was found among all the dietary treatments. One‐slope, quadratic broken‐line analysis on the basis of SGR showed that the dietary l ‐lysine requirement of juvenile yellow catfish was 33.1 g kg^?1 of dry diet (83.2 g kg^?1 of dietary protein).     

Effect of dietary cadmium level on the growth,body composition and several hepatic enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish,Pelteobagrus fulvidraco

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary cadmium (Cd) level on the growth, body composition and several enzymatic activities of juvenile yellow catfish, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The experimental diets were formulated with CdCl₂·2.5H₂O at levels of 0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1.0 g kg^?1 diet, resulting in four dietary Cd levels of 0.25 (control), 4.92, 48.57 and 474.7 mg Cd kg^?1 diet respectively. They were fed to juvenile yellow catfish (mean initial weight: 3.26±0.07 g, mean±SD) for 4 weeks. Weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake and protein efficiency ratio tended to decline with increasing dietary Cd levels (P<0.05). In contrast, the feed conversion ratio was the lowest when the dietary Cd level was 0.25 mg Cd kg^?1 diet. Dietary Cd levels significantly influenced body composition and Cd accumulation. Whole body and vertebrae Cd content generally increased as the dietary Cd levels increased (P<0.05). However, muscle Cd content was detected only in fish fed the diets containing the highest Cd level of the diet (P>0.05). Hepatic alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase and lactate dehydrogenase activities increased (P<0.05) with increasing dietary Cd level. Succinate dehydrogenase was very variant and not related to dietary treatments. Malic dehydrogenase activity showed no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). The present study provided for the first time the toxic assessment of dietborne Cd in yellow catfish, based on growth performance and the changes in hepatic enzymatic activities for the fish species.     

大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响

为研究大豆小肽蛋白替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性和抗氧化功能的影响,以30％鱼粉组为对照组(A0),大豆小肽蛋白分别替代17％、33％和50％的鱼粉作为实验组(A17、A33和A50),配制4种等氮配合饲料.每组设置4个重复,每个重复饲喂30尾平均体重为(...