EDTA-Tris对不同消毒药物消毒效能的影响

当EDTA-Tris与不同消毒药物联合使用时,两者之间可能表现出增强、协同或拮抗作用。试验表明,当EDTA-Tris与新洁尔灭或甲醛联合应用时,其对试验菌的杀菌效能均表现出协同或增强作用,而与戊二醛、聚维酮碘或十二烷基硫酸钠联合应用时,其对不同菌株的杀菌作用则表现不一,与聚维酮碘联合应用时,对大肠杆菌的抑杀效能表现为拮抗作用,与十二烷基硫酸钠联合应用时,对链球菌的抑杀效能则表现为拮抗作用,而与戊二醛联合应用时,则对链球菌和大肠杆菌的抑杀效能均表现出拮抗作用。     

浅析微量元素与畜禽保健

本文重点介绍微量元素与畜禽保健的重要关系。对微量元素的概念、种类、含量和动物需要量,微量元素缺乏及过量引起的疾病及其防治,相互之间协同与拮抗作用,协同布点对土壤、饮水和饲料微量元素的检测,作一些阐述分析。     

畜禽用添加剂协同与拮抗作用图表:

努梢终杨.注:二==有协同作用,能增加效价’ —尽量少合用,因相遇要降低效价 ’下二二二相互抑制,不宾同用 ···……相互破坏,有拮抗作用 图表中的“V”表示维生素畜禽用添加剂协同与拮抗作用图表:@朱德星~~     

EDTA-Tris对不同消毒药物消毒效能的影响

当EDTA-Tris与不同消毒药物联合使用时，两者之间可能表现出增强、协同或拮抗作用。试验表明，当EDTA-Tris与新洁尔灭或甲醛联合应用时，其对试验茵的杀菌效能均表现出协同或增强作用，而与戊二醛、聚维酮碘或十二烷基硫酸钠联合应用时，其对不同菌株的杀菌作用则表现不一，与聚维酮碘联合应用时，对大肠杆菌的抑杀效能表现为拮抗作用，与十二烷基硫酸钠联合应用时，对链球菌的抑杀效能则表现为拮抗作用，而与戊二醛联合应用时，则对链球菌和大肠杆功的抑杀效能均表现出拮抗作用。     

常用兽药的安全配伍

兽用抗菌类药物合理配伍,可达到协同或相加的作用,从而增强疗效;配伍不当则可能发生拮抗作用,使药物之间的药效相互作用抵消,疗效下降或丧失,甚至还可能引起毒副反应.联合应用抗菌可类药物应掌握适应症,注意各个药物品种的针对性,争取药物之间协同联合,避免拮抗作用.     

常见药物协同与相加作用的联合应用

抗菌药物的合理配伍，可达到协同作用或相加作用，从而可增强疗效，而配伍不当则会发生拮抗作用，使药物之间的相互作用抵消，疗效下降，甚至引起毒副作用。应用药物复方制剂时应掌握适应症，注意各个品种的针对性，争取协同联合，避免拮抗作用。现将常见的兽药复方制剂及处方简介如下。     

浅谈10类常用兽药的合理安全配伍

兽用抗菌类药物合理配伍，可达到协同或相加的作用，从而增强疗效；配伍不当则可能发生拮抗作用，使药物之间的药效相互作用抵消，疗效下降或丧失，甚至还可能引起毒副反应。联合应用抗菌类药物应掌握适应症，注意各个药物品种的针对性，争取药物之间协同联合，避免拮抗作用。现将常用的药物的配伍简介如下：     

畜禽用药要“忌口”

<正>畜禽在用药时也和人类一样要"忌口"。因为有许多饲料或添加剂和某些药混在一起会发生拮抗作用,降低药物疗效,严重者还会发生中毒现象,所以畜禽在用药时,要注意配伍药物的协同与拮抗。     

饲料添加剂的协同与拮抗作用

各种饲料添加剂具有自身的物理和化学特性。当两种或两种以上的添加剂同时使用时,有的有协同作用,功效大于二者之和;有的有拮抗作用,功效小于二者之和;有的甚至有破坏作用,不能共同使用。现将有协同和拮抗作用的饲料添加剂简述如下。一、有协同作用的饲料添加剂1.铁和铜都是血红蛋白合成和红细胞成熟所必需的元素,配合使用,可防治贫血。2.钙钙与磷比例一般按1.5:1或2:1配     

浅谈10类常用兽药的合理安全配伍

兽用抗菌类药物合理配伍,可达到协同或相加的作用,从而增强疗效;配伍不当则可能发生拮抗作用,使药物之间的药效相互作用抵消,疗效下降或丧失,甚至还可能引起毒副反应。联合应用抗菌类药物应掌握适应症,注意各个药物品种的针对性,争取药物之间协同联合,避免拮抗作用。现将常用的药物的配伍简介如下:一、β—内酰胺类β—内酰胺类(青霉素类、头孢菌素类)与β—内酰胺酶抑制剂如克拉维酸(棒酸)、舒巴坦、他佐巴坦合用有较好的抑酶保护和协同增效作用,青霉素类和丙磺舒合用有协同作用。与氨基糖甙类呈协同作用,但剂量应基本平衡。青霉素类不能与…     

Mutualism between antagonists: its ecological and evolutionary implications

Mutualism or antagonism between species is often investigated within the framework of monotonic interactions of either mutualism or antagonism, but studies on transition from mutualism to antagonism (within the context of nonmonotonic interactions) have been largely ignored. In this paper, through a brief review and synthesis, we highlighted the role of mutualism between antagonists in regulating the ecological and evolutionary processes, as well as maintaining the stability and complexity of ecosystems. Mutualism between antagonistic species represents the density-dependent transition between mutualism and antagonism, which is beneficial to species coexistence and stability of complex ecosystems; thus, it should be favored by natural selection. Species may face selection of conflicting pressure on functional traits in co-balancing mutualism and antagonism, which may result in evolution of the dual character of species with moderate mutualistic or antagonistic traits. Coevolution and co-balance of these traits are driving forces in shaping mutualism–antagonism systems. Rewards for mutualists, punishment for exploiters, and competition of meta-communities are essential in stabilizing mutualism between antagonists. We appeal for more studies on mutualism between antagonists and its ecological and evolutionary implications by expanding the conventional ecological studies from monotonic to nonmonotonic regimes.     

一株芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其益生潜质分析

 从健康肉鸡的粪便中分离出一株BF3芽孢杆菌,经培养特征、形态观察、生理生化试验以及16SrDNA序列分析相似度为99%,确定该菌株为枯草芽孢杆菌,对该株芽孢杆菌对肠道致病菌的拮抗作用进行研究。结果表明BF3菌株在培养过程中,可以抑制鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡大肠杆菌的生长。拮抗作用的强弱与芽孢杆菌和致病菌的接种时间有关。先接种芽孢杆菌后接种致病菌,拮抗作用最强;芽孢杆菌和致病菌同时接种次之;先接种致病菌后接种芽孢杆菌,拮抗作用最弱。并且BF3菌株代谢产物对鸡白痢沙门氏菌和鸡大肠杆菌具有非常明显的拮抗作用。     

微生物拮抗检测方法的优化及其在秸秆发酵用菌株的应用

在利用复合菌添加剂提高青贮品质和营养价值的研究中, 首先需要确定菌株间的拮抗特性, 以便获得最佳组合效果。利用传统的1/2组合菌饼法和牛津杯法检测了6种微生物间的拮抗特性。结果显示, 仅产朊假丝酵母菌和黑曲霉菌之间存在弱拮抗现象。在后续全组合液滴法检测中不仅观察到了以上拮抗现象, 还检测到了枯草芽孢杆菌与产朊假丝酵母菌, 以及绿色木霉菌与黑曲霉菌之间的拮抗现象。通过显微镜观察绿色木霉菌与黑曲霉菌之间的接触区域, 进一步证实了拮抗现象的存在。在所用的6种微生物中, 乳酸菌与其他受试菌无明显拮抗, 能够与其他微生物进行复配。产朊假丝酵母菌与枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉菌存在拮抗, 因此, 可与乳酸菌和绿色木霉菌进行组合发酵。同样, 枯草芽孢杆菌和黑曲霉菌可单独与乳酸菌进行组合使用。综上表明, 与传统的1/2组合菌饼法和牛津杯法相比, 全组合液滴法具有操作简便、接触充分、不易污染和结果全面等优点。     

镉中毒对鸡体内GSH-Px、SOD的影响及硒颉颃效应的研究

选用90只100日龄依沙褐公鸡,随机平均分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,加镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg,加硒镉组饲喂基础日粮 CdCl2150 mg/kg Na2SeO322 mg/kg,通过在日粮中添加一定剂量的镉或硒与镉,建立亚慢性镉中毒及硒颉颃模型;亚慢性镉中毒可致鸡体内血清和肝脏谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶活性降低,构成了镉损伤肝脏的病理学基础。加硒后可有效地提高机体的抗氧化能力。     

The Effect of Detomidine and its Antagonism With Tolazoline on Stress-Related Hormones, Metabolites, Physiologic Responses, and Behavior in Awake Ponies

Six ponies were used to investigate the effect of tolazoline antagonism of detomidine on physiological responses, behavior, epinephrine, norepinephrine, Cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids in awake ponies. Each pony had a catheter inserted into a jugular vein 1 hour before beginning the study. Awake ponies were administered detomidine (0.04 mg/kg intravenously [IV]) followed 20 minutes later by either tolazoline (4.0 mg/kg IV) or saline. Blood samples were drawn from the catheter 5 minutes before detomidine administration (baseline), 5 minutes after detomidine administration, 20 minutes after detomidine administration which was immediately before the administration of tolazoline or saline (time [T] = 0), and at 5, 30, and 60 minutes after injections of tolazoline or saline (T = 5, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively). Compared with heart rate at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism increased heart rate 45% at 5 minutes. There was no difference in heart rate between treatments at 30 minutes. Blood pressure remained stable after tolazoline, while it decreased over time after saline. Compared with concentrations at T = 0, tolazoline antagonism of detomidine in awake ponies resulted in a 55% increase in Cortisol at 30 minutes and a 52% increase in glucose at 5 minutes. The change in free fatty acids was different for tolazoline and saline over time. Free fatty acids decreased after detomidine administration. Free fatty acids did not change after saline administration. After tolazoline administration, free fatty acids increased transiently. Tolazoline tended to decrease sedation and analgesia at 15 and 60 minutes postantagonism. Antagonism of detomidine-induced physiological and behavioral effects with tolazoline in awake ponies that were not experiencing pain appears to precipitate a stress response as measured by Cortisol, glucose, and free fatty acids. If antagonism of an α-agonist is contemplated, the potential effect on hormones and metabolites should be considered.     

甘肃农业大学永昌肉羊农科教合作人才培养基地建设与实践

如何促进农科教一体化发展,关系到“三农”和整个经济社会发展的大局.甘肃农业大学与甘肃省永昌肉用种羊场10余年来紧密合作,以科研促生产、以生产助科研、以实践育人才、以创新促成长,真正实现了农科合作科研、农教合作培训、科教合作教学的一体化.     

Involvement of platelet activating factor in the endotoxin-induced effects on gastrointestinal electrical activity and some haematological parameters in the conscious miniature pig

In conscious miniature pigs the influence of intravenous dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 10 microg/kg over 10 min, with and without pretreatment with a platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, SAH 63-675 10 mg/kg, on gastrointestinal electrical activity, arterial pressure and clinical and haematological parameters was studied. Dose of LPS provoked mild clinical signs and hypotension, which were prevented by PAF antagonism. The LPS induced leukocytosis and increase in mature neutrophils, however, were PAF independent. Pretreatment with the PAF antagonist attenuated the LPS-provoked inhibition of electrical activity in the antrum, jejunum, ileum and caecum. These results suggest a beneficial effect of PAF antagonism in porcine endotoxaemia.     

以职教集团为依托,促进校企深层合作

校企合作是提升畜牧兽医高职院校办学质量的必由之路,当前的校企合作存在许多的问题。因此,畜牧兽医职教集团的成立,能够为有效解决这些问题带来新的契机。分析了在"互利互惠,合作共赢"的原则下,依托职业教育集团,促进校企合作的重要意义。     

In vitro and in vivo susceptibility of two-drug and three-drug combinations of terbinafine, itraconazole, caspofungin, ibuprofen and fluvastatin against Pythium insidiosum

The present study investigated the in vitro inhibitory activity of terbinafine, itraconazole, caspofungin, fluvastatin and ibuprofen against 15 isolates of Pythium insidiosum in double and triple combinations and determined in vivo correlations using rabbits with experimental pythiosis. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M 38-A2 protocol (2008), and the in vitro interactions were evaluated using a checkerboard microdilution method. For the in vivo study, 20 rabbits inoculated with P. insidiosum zoospores were divided into four groups: group 1 was treated with terbinafine and itraconazole; group 2 was treated with terbinafine, itraconazole and fluvastatin; group 3 was treated with terbinafine and caspofungin; and group 4 was the control group. Combinations of terbinafine with caspofungin or ibuprofen were synergistic for 47% of the isolates, and antagonism was not observed in any of the double combinations. The triple combinations were mostly indifferent, but synergism and antagonism were also observed. In the in vivo study, the histological aspect of the lesions was similar among the groups, but group 2 showed the lowest amount of hyphae and differed significantly from the other groups.     

建立中小食品企业合作联盟的内外因分析——以乳品行业为例

本文以乳制品企业为例,对我国中小食品企业建立合作联盟的动因、意义及其联盟合作机制进行了论述,并提出了相应的建议对策来提升中国中小食品企业的市场竞争力。