淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉水解的影响

以小麦面粉为原料,研究了淀粉共生蛋白对淀粉酶解性质的影响。对洗淀粉过程中影响蛋白含量的条件进行了单因素试验,用SDS溶液和蛋白酶进一步除去淀粉中的蛋白质成分,然后对制得的含氮量不同的淀粉样品进行酶解。试验结果表明,蛋白酶能有效地去除淀粉共生蛋白,而淀粉共生蛋白有助于淀粉的水解。     

果浆酶SEB MASH的酶解工艺及其应用研究

研究了印度Advance enzyme公司果浆酶(SEB MASH)应用于苹果浆的酶解工艺条件,对比分析了酶解前后苹果浆各项指标的变化情况。利用L1(645)正交试验,得到果浆酶SEB MASH的最佳酶解条件为:果浆酶用量0.015 g/100 g苹果浆、酶解时间30 min,酶解温度35℃,在此条件下苹果浆的出汁率为95.39%;酶解后苹果的出汁率比直接榨汁的出汁率(75.36%)提高了26.58%。酶解前后的对比分析结果表明,果浆酶SEB MASH有效地提高了苹果榨汁的出汁率,果胶含量以及果渣质量比酶解前分别降低了55.09%和67.6%,且果浆酶处理后果汁的透光率和色值均有较大提高。所以,果浆酶SEB MASH可有效用于苹果果浆,提高苹果加工的出汁率和生产能力。     

脱色酶制剂SCL在苹果汁中的应用试验

探讨了脱色酶制剂SCL(seb color light)应用于苹果汁的工艺条件,并与果胶酶DP100,DP200联合使用进行酶解试验,分析了酶解前后苹果汁各项指标的变化。SCL单因素试验结果表明,最佳酶解条件为:酶用量400×10-6,酶解时间90 min,酶解温度22℃;通过与常规的脱色剂(0.02%VC+0.044%NaCl)比较发现,SCL效果明显优于后者。联合酶解试验说明,脱色酶SCL与果胶酶DP100,DP200联合使用脱色效果会更好。该试验获得的最佳处理方法是:巴氏杀菌+DP100+SCL。脱色酶制剂SCL,果胶酶DP100及DP200对苹果汁加工均很有效,是实际可用的优质酶产品。     

Microbial Community Structure and Ecological Variation in TISTD Reactor

Based on the sewage treatment device of Two-phase Integrated Sludge Thickening and Digestion reactor (TISTD), microbial community structure in stable operation and its ecological variation when load changes are investigated. During a stable operation with 30% sludge dosage rate, 20 dominant bacterial strains are individually isolated from acid-phase and methane-phase of the reactor. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA reveals that six of the achieved strains belong to Bacillus, Methanospirillum and Methanococcus respectively. Ten sludge samples are collected separately in 5 periods when the reactor operates with 10%, 20% and 30% sludge dosage rate and in the state of started-up and disordered, and followed by DNA extraction, purification, 16S rDNA PCR amplification and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). The good quality of DNA extraction and amplification demonstrates that there is an abundant biomass in the sludge under mid-temperature condition. The results show that TISTD reactor has a high biodiversity in microbial communities and is complex and stable in ecosystem structure, which effectively supports the good digestion in sludge thickening.     

酪蛋白结构及其酶解特性研究进展

酪蛋白是牛奶中的主要蛋白成分,因其酶解产物中可分离出多种生物活性肽而广受关注。综述了酪蛋白的结构及其酶解特性的研究进展。酪蛋白由α_(s1)-酪蛋白、α_(s2)-酪蛋白、β-酪蛋白与κ-酪蛋白4种组分组成,在溶液中以胶团形式存在,其稳定性除与κ-酪蛋白有关外,还受到外界环境的影响,然而对于酪蛋白胶团内部结构的推断仍存在争议。此外,全酪蛋白及其组分的酶解特性也得到了较深的研究,包括推断酶解反应历程、酶解产物分子量分布变化、蛋白结构功能特性的变化及生物活性肽段序列的确定等。     

The Storage of Tree Data Structure by Gradation and Classification and Application in CAD for Engineering Structure

The traditional storage of tree data structure is according to the relation of the elements' frant-and-back. Since it is difficult to define the frant-and-back relation of graphics units in CAD for Engineering structure, the application of the tree structure becomes inconvenient. The authors change the storing method for the tree structure into gradation and classification. And a graded equivalence relation of graphics units is brought forward, which grade the graphics units with the equivalence relation. By using this storing method, we can easily accomplish some operations, such as picking up the subtree with a certain character, deleting a node, insert a graded and classified node, etc. The example provided indicates that the storage by gradation and classification can speed up searching and process the data of the subtree by gradation and classification expediently. This kind of storing method for the tree structure is applicable for data which contain the graded equivalence relation.     

An Analysis on Model of Board Structure and Its Efficiency

The firm governing is a structure with a board as its core, and its goal is to guard the interests and rights of the shareholders and related people thru supervising the management under the condition of firm's ownership and management separation. So, it is very important to know what the board structure is and whether it can work properly. Thru constructing board model and conducting theoretical and empirical analysis, in this paper, a best model of the board including the shareholders, managers and outsiders is proposed. In order to improve the efficiency of the board, attention should be paid to the following: composition of the board, separation of board director and general manager and the incentive scheme to outside board members.     

超高压和超声对果蔬色泽和组织结构的影响及其在干燥中的应用

超高压和超声预处理能降低果蔬初始含水率,提高渗透压,节约能耗,减少干燥果蔬制品质量损失,可作为干燥前的预处理方法用于不同种类果蔬的干燥。本文论述了超高压和超声预处理对果蔬类食品色泽和组织结构的影响,以及在干燥果蔬中的应用,并试图阐明其品质特性变化背后的机理,最后展望了超声和超高压辅助干燥技术的发展方向,以期为超声和超高压辅助干燥技术在果蔬中的应用提供理论支持。     

Adjustment of Inside Structure of Great Enterprises and Its Development

In this paper the principal factors influencing the development of great enterprises have been analyzed in depth from the point of operating mechanism within the enterprise, then the channels promoting the development of great enterprises have been proposed.     

福建省玉米小斑病菌侵染不同细胞质玉米品种的病斑型及其致病型群体结构分析

[目的]为了解福建省玉米小斑病菌的致病性及其群体结构,[方法]研究了2014-2015年采自福建省7个地区的247个菌株侵染不同细胞质玉米品种C103T、C103C、C103S和C103后叶片的病斑型,[结果]结果表明,所有供试菌株均可引起4个玉米品种发病,其病斑长度平均值分别介于1.15 mm-5.40 mm、1.06 mm-4.70 mm、1.09 mm-4.84 mm和1.15 mm-5.21 mm之间。根据病斑长度将病斑分为I和II型,其菌株出现频率分别为80.26%和19.74%。依据各菌株依次在4个不同品种玉米上的病斑型,供试菌株群体被划分出15个致病型,其中致病型CHP15(病斑反应型I-I-I-I)为优势型,致病型CHP11(病斑反应型II-I-I-I)为亚优势型,优势型和亚优势型分别占供试总菌株数的57.49%和9.72%。[结论]不同地区菌株之间的致病型组成及其出现频率存在多样性。此外,其中的235个O小种菌株也出现了14个致病型,菌株间的致病力存在明显的分化。     

棉纤维超分子结构及与纤维品质的关系

在纤维发育过程中,结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸变化较为明显,随着纤维的发育,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,结晶度不断提高。不同基因型间,正常成熟纤维的结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸差异很小,与纤维强度相关不显著;而取向参数差异较大,与比强度相关显著。不同开花期棉铃发育的环境温度不同,其纤维结晶度、横向晶粒尺寸和取向参数也不一样。不同的温度条件对α角影响较大,但对φ角和ψ角逐渐降低的变化趋势没有影响。棉纤维超分子结构与纤维品质指标关系密切。正在发育中的纤维细胞结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸均随着纤维细胞的发育逐渐增大,对纤维比强度影响较显著。而成熟纤维,因纤维素沉积已经结束,结晶度和横向晶粒尺寸比较接近,对纤维强度影响较小;取向参数对纤维强力的影响较大,分散角、螺旋角越小,取向度越高,所形成的纤维强度就越高,纤维品质好。今后在育种工作中应结合纤维超分子结构培育高品质棉花品种,有利于提高纤维品质。     

不同生长型桃的叶脉结构与树体结构的差异与关系

为探讨开张型、直立型、垂枝型、帚形、矮化型和紧凑型不同生长型桃树叶脉结构与树体结构的关系,为桃矮化密植栽培、早期选择提供理论依据。以6种不同生长型桃为试材,对其树体结构特征和叶片形态、叶脉结构进行研究,并对树体结构与叶脉结构的关系进行分析。结果表明:6种生长型桃的叶片角度大小为62.76°~73.50°,没有显著差异,而分枝角度存在显著差异。其中对一级枝基角而言,垂枝型93.92°最大,矮化型36.75°最小,其他4种生长型居中;而一级枝腰角和梢角的变化规律在6种生长型中表现出相似规律,即垂枝型最大,开张型居中,其他4种次之且相互之间差异不显著。在叶片结构特征方面,直立型的叶片长度11.01 cm为最小,但叶柄长2.41 cm最大,紧凑型叶片长度16.20 cm、叶宽4.57 cm、叶面积47.28 cm2均最大,6种生长型的叶脉均为真曲行羽状脉;直立型二级脉数量最多,垂枝型二级脉数量最少;开张型二级脉角度最大,矮化型二级脉角度最小。6种生长型桃叶脉结构和树体结构相关性分析结果表明:开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间存在负相关关系,且仅在开张型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为-0.970,而在直立型、垂枝型和帚型中,二级脉数量与一级枝梢角之间有正相关关系;在开张型、矮化型、紧凑型中二级脉角度与一级枝梢角呈正相关,且紧凑型中两者相关性达到显著水平,相关系数为0.953,其余生长型中两者之间有负相关关系。桃叶脉的二级脉角度和二级脉数量的差异在一定程度上可以反映不同生长型桃树体结构的变化,可作为早期选择桃不同生长型的一项直观形态标记。     

低聚木糖的生产及应用研究进展

近年来,低聚木糖作为一种健康益生元深受人们青睐。通过简要介绍低聚木糖的研究意义,阐述低聚木糖的生产方法,包括酸水解、自水解、酶水解等方法及其在食品工业、医疗保健、饲料养殖等领域的应用研究,展望了低聚木糖的生产及应用前景。     

APSIM模型的研究进展及其在中国的应用

作物模型可以在已有研究资料基础上对在多种模拟条件下的作物生长情况进行模拟,预测未知风险,优化农业资源管理措施,为农业生产的管理经营提供科学指导。APSIM模型就是作物模型的典型代表。为了研究APSIM模型的结构特征和它在中国的应用现状,本文首先阐述了APSIM模型的发展历史、运行框架、模块结构组成,其次归纳总结了APSIM模型在中国气候变化评估和农田管理方面的应用以及在中国各个气候区域的应用,最后指出了APSIM模型在中国应用时所出现的问题,并为APSIM模型的应用提出了与RS技术和GIS技术相结合等一些意见。     

Studies on the Structure Model of Coal and Its Polarization Characteristics

The macromolecular structures of coal samples collected from Yutianbao, Nantong and Qingnian coal mines in Sichuan were studied and a model of structure for these coals was set up. On the basis of above mentioned work,experimental studies and theoretical analyses were made to investigate the characteristics of coal polarization in applied electric field. The results indicate that the rotation polarzation and the space polarization are the essential reason for the attenuation of electric current through coal samples,and that the space polarization is the main form of coal polarization.     

中国各地区“以工补农”的经济结构特征 分析与政策建议

当前中国总体上已进入工业化中期阶段,但由于地区发展不平衡,各地区不可能都进入工业化中期阶段,统一的“以工补农”政策模式和措施在各个地区也不一定都适用。作者采用美国经济学家钱纳里与赛尔昆设计的标准模型,构建了当前全国及各地区“以工补农”的经济结构特征评价指标,对中国各地区当前的经济结构特征作了初步的分析,得出了在中国总体上跨入工业化中期阶段的事实中,有8个省与中国总体进入工业化中期阶段的判断一致;仍有17个省、区、市尚未进入“以工补农”政策转折期;有6个省市明显超越全国平均水平,已基本进入大规模反哺期的结论,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

Fault-tolerant and Its Application in Process Control

The Fault tolerant in process control is approached. Firstly, the safety and economics requirement of chemical, power, iron and steel processes is studied. Then, the state of the art of present process control is investigated, and the fault tolerant process control is introduced. Based on the researches and applications which having been made, the future research and development for this area is proposed.     

Research on the Strengthening Effect of the Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by the Multi-loop Reactor in Low Carbon-resource Condition

A multi-loop reactor is constructed based on analysis of temporal and spatial character of several continuous current nitrogen and phosphorus removal process in this paper.Through cross experiment design,the important factors to influence the effect of the nitrogen and phosphorus removing under low carbon-resource condition were found,and the feasible control parameters of the biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal process under low carbon-resource condition were put forward.The results are valuable for design and operation of wastewater treatment process with similar conditions.     

擎天树茎叶解剖结构及其环境适应性

为了探讨擎天树茎叶结构对环境的反应,采用石蜡切片法制片,在光学显微镜下观察了擎天树茎和叶的显微结构。结果表明,擎天树茎及叶外部密被表皮毛,内部输导和机械组织发达;其叶片为典型的异面叶,由表皮、叶肉及维管束组成,上、下表皮均有角质层覆盖,气孔只分布于叶下表皮,为平列型;主脉维管束结构特殊,在近封闭的外韧维管束中还分布有3~5束周木维管束。茎与一般双子叶植物茎的结构相似,由表皮、皮层、维管束、髓及髓射线组成,次生构造中出现周皮;分泌道主要分布在叶片主脉各维管束之间及茎的髓部,而分泌细胞普遍存在于各薄壁细胞群中。擎天树的结构特征体现了对自身高大形体及旱生环境具有较强的适应能力。     

Advances in Immobilized Microorganism and Its Applications of Wastewater Treatment

By in troducing the way of the immobilized cell and conparing the carriers, this paper presented the advances in immobilized microorganism and its applications of wastewater treatment are presented. It is believed that immobilized microorganism treatment is a more effective mediod than general biological method. The paper discusses its application in treating heavy metal wastewater, organic wastewater, hydroxybenzen wastewate, and nitrogen wastewater,et ac. And the research indicates the advances and the problems of immobilized microorganism.