应用虫线清乳油防治松材线虫病的施药技术

探讨了16%虫线清乳油防治松材线虫病的技术.通过林间药效筛选发现,用16%虫线清乳油的B配方防治松材线虫病的效果优于A、C配方,其是防治松材线虫病的首选药剂.无论是防治媒介昆虫成虫,还是防治活立木和枯死木内的幼虫、蛹;无论是树干打孔注药,还是林间低容量喷雾,均可取得良好防治效果.应用虫线清药剂处理林间松材线虫病枯死木或濒死木,是控制松材线虫病的一种有效、简便的方法;通过树干注入该药剂,则是预防具重要价值的松树发生松材线虫病的有效手段.     

松材线虫病的诊断方法与防治措施分析

指出了松树患有线虫病的前期很难及早予以发现,一旦察觉到松树感染了此种病症,则与之相应的危害范围已变得很大。因此针对松树感染的松材线虫病,分析了林间枯死的松树的外观症状,提出了松材线虫的防治策略,以期提供参考。     

浙江林业局提出“十四五”期间 松材线虫病防治工作要实现“十大变革”

正近日,浙江省林业局赴湖州市调研指导松材线虫病防治工作。湖州市和吴兴、德清、长兴、安吉等县(区)政府领导、林业主管部门负责人等参加。浙江省林业局调研组一行深入到各地林间山头,开展松材线虫病防治调研,查勘松材线虫病除治现场,对枯死松树进行当场解剖,分析疫情传染源即松褐天牛的危害过程,普及讲解松材线虫病防治知识。     

松材线虫病药剂防治实验

松材线虫病,通过松褐天牛携带侵入健康松树,致使松树萎蔫、枯死。当涂县森防站于2007年与黑龙江省平山林业制药厂合作,在该县横山林场开展了松材线虫病的药剂防治试验,进一步探索松材线虫病的综合防治方法。     

老疫区松材线虫病持续控制技术研究

2005～2009年在广州市松材线虫病老疫区系统开展了疑似病死松树的早期诊断、应用引诱剂和林间释放花绒寄甲控制松褐天牛、清理病死木套袋熏蒸和疫区松林植物群落结构改造等持续控制技术研究.结果表明:疫区内松树枯死木松材线虫的检出率为22.1%～55.4%.诱到松褐天牛成虫19 853头,每个诱捕器的诱虫量为14.06～24...     

大连地区松树枯死情况调查

黑松、赤松等松科针叶树是大连地区森林资源中的主栽树种,自2016年松材线虫病疫情在大连地区发生以来,为防控疫情,以黑松为代表的大量疫木和疑似疫木被伐除,松树资源损失严重。为了科学论断松树枯死的根本原因,该文通过标准地调查及取样检测研究,结果表明:标准地内松树总体枯死率为25.4%～62.9%,其中因松材线虫病引起的黑松枯死率仅为0～4.8%,其它原因引起的黑松枯死率为18.1%～62.5%;在标准地枯死木中,因松材线虫病致死所占比例为0～48.0%,其它原因占52.0～100%。建议除针对松材线虫病进行专题防治研究,有效控制松材线虫病疫情扩散外,还建议开展综合防控。     

2019年全国松材线虫病疫情分析

采用描述性流行病学方法,对2019年各省(自治区、直辖市)上报的松材线虫病(Pine wilt disease,PWD)疫区数量、发生面积和病枯死松树数量进行汇总,分析全国松材线虫病疫情发生情况,为制定松材线虫病防控策略提供科学依据。结果表明:2019年全国共有18个省(自治区、直辖市)的666个县级行政区发生松材线虫病,发生总面积为111.46万hm~2,病枯死松树1 946.74万株;重庆、江西、湖北和浙江4省75%以上县级行政区发生松材线虫病,浙江、山东和江西3省疫情出现大暴发;200个疫区病枯死松树数量大于10 000株,发生面积占总发生面积的77.35%;59.04%的老疫区病枯死松树数量减少,超四成新疫区发现不及时;全国疫情持续扩散蔓延,造成危害持续加重,疫情防控和发展态势不容乐观。     

刍议枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系建设

枯死松树及时精准监测是做好松材线虫病防治的基础,传统人工线路踏查难以保证全覆盖和高时效。高空间分辨率的航空和航天遥感技术可以快速采集区域级地表覆盖数据,获取单木与树丛级森林资源健康状态信息,服务于枯死松树监测;地面调查是航天和航空遥感技术应用不可或缺的组成部分,是实现对松材线虫病疫情遥感监测必不可少的工序。枯死松树的天空地协同监测技术体系的建立,以及天空地遥感技术互为补充的集成运用,是提高松材线虫病监测调查工作实时性、客观性和科学性的重要保障,不仅可为精准监管森林资源提供相应解决方案,也是完善和丰富现有松材线虫病监测普查体系、实现松材线虫病疫情早期发现以及疫情处置监管的有效途径。     

拟松材线虫病的危害与防治

近年来 ,在贵阳市第一环城林带和其它松林区发现了拟松材线虫病和松墨天牛为害。 2 0 0 1、2 0 0 2年连续两年组织有关人员开展调查表明 ,拟松材线虫病在贵阳市危害十分严重 ,已造成大量松树枯死 ,对森林资源和环境构成严重威胁。1　危害特征拟松材线虫病 2 0世纪 80年代陆续在一些省区松林中发生 ,引起松树萎蔫 ,并造成一定的危害。此病多发生于一些成过熟林分中 ,由于松树生长衰弱 ,受次期害虫天牛、小蠹、吉丁虫等蛀干害虫危害 ,并携带拟松材线虫侵染松树后 ,加速了松树枯死。据观察 ,松树感染拟松材线虫后 ,其外部症状表现与松材线虫病…     

松材线虫病的发生原因、危害症状及防治策略

松材线虫病能够引起大面积松树出现枯死现象,对松树林产生毁灭性伤害,属于世界性病害。为了有效促进我国林业发展,需要对松材线虫病加强防治。而目前我国在防治松材线虫病过程中难度相对较大,防治技术也比较滞后,资金不足等问题导致难以高效控制松材线虫病。基于此,深入探究松材线虫病的发生原因、危害症状,并提出了有效的防治策略。     

Relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and the drainage area

We examined the relationship between the incidence of pine wilt disease and moisture conditions in the stand level ofPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forests in the warm-temperate zone of the western part of Japan. For this analysis, pine trees killed by pine wilt disease were distinguished from the suppressed trees by their position in the layer of the pine forest stand. The drainage area, which is small in the upper part and large in the lower part of the slope, was adopted for representing the moisture conditions in the soil of the slope. The percentage of the pine trees killed by pine wilt disease increased as the size of the drainage area increased. This result suggested that the incidence of pine wilt disease tended to be high in areas with moist conditions. Pine trees attacked by the pinewood nematode die from extensive water deficit due to tracheid cavitations. Pine wilt disease mainly emerges in the summer when the soil water conditions become especially severe, and the radical water stress is thought to accelerate the disease. It was assumed that pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area resisted the influence of the attack of the pinewood nematode because pine trees in the plots with the small drainage area encountered long-term water stress and acquired drought tolerance. Pine trees in the plots with the large drainage area were presumed to be well established in the moist conditions and not to have acquired drought tolerance. The drought tolerance of pine trees was thought to be an important factor in resistance to pine wilt disease.     

上虞市松材线虫病综合防治与思考

上虞市自2004年发生松材线虫病以来积极采取各种防治措施,包括枯死松树全面清理下山,疫木经热处理生产工艺进行除害处理和安全利用,实施松材线虫病除治林相改造工程,挂诱捕器、设饵木消杀松墨天牛等。几年下来除治效果显现,松材线虫病已得到有效控制。     

基于多特征提取与注意力机制深度学习的高分辨率影像松材线虫病树识别

为了提高松材线虫病树的监测效率,减少其对林业生产造成的损失,提出一种基于多特征提取与注意力机制深度学习的高分辨率影像松材线虫病树识别方法.该方法首先在高分辨率遥感影像上提取松材线虫病树的光谱特征、空间特征等多特征,然后进行Relief特征选择算法,取特征权重前8个特征进行病树识别,发现选择差值植被指数DVI(diffe...     

松材线虫病生物防治研究进展

松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus是外来入侵生物,主要依靠媒介昆虫的携带在自然界中扩散传播。目前松材线虫病的生物防治研究主要集中在对松材线虫本身及其传播媒介——松墨天牛的控制两方面。本文对国内外松材线虫病的生物防治方法研究做了总结。     

Promotion of the population growth of pinewood nematode in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings by pretreatment with simulated acid rain

Simulated acid rain (SAR) at three pH levels (pH 4, 3, 2) was applied to only the top or both the top and roots of 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings repeatedly for two months. Then the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10) of pinewood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. The exposure to SAR at any level did not kill the seedlings. When inoculated with nematodes, however, the nematode population build-up was significantly higher in the seedlings pretreated with SAR at any level than in the control at the 7th and 17th day after inoculation, and subsequent disease symptom development was also significantly accelerated by the exposure to SAR at pH 2 and 3. This result indicates that even acid rain at pH 4 has the potential for promoting population growth of pinewood nematodes in 4-month-old Japanese black pine seedlings.     

Suppression of ectomycorrhizal development in young Pinus thunbergii trees inoculated with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus

In order to study the changes in ectomycorrhizal development during symptom expression of pine wilt disease, root window observations were conducted concurrent with measurements of leaf water potential as well as photosynthetic and transpiration rates of 5‐year‐old Pinus thunbergii trees that were inoculated with the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Infected trees were compared with girdled and uninfected control trees. Ectomycorrhizas developed constantly during the experimental period in control trees but did not develop in the girdled trees. Ectomycorrhizal development ceased within 2 weeks in those trees that finally died after PWN infection. In the trees that survived PWN infection, ectomycorrhizal development ceased within 1–4 weeks of inoculation but was resumed thereafter within 3–6 weeks. Ectomycorrhizal development ceased prior to a decrease in both photosynthetic rate and leaf water potential in the inoculated trees.     

Pine wilt disease: detection of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) as a tool for a pine breeding programme

The pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is a serious quarantine pest first detected in Portugal and Europe in 1999. It is the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD). A resistance breeding programme has been initiated to contribute to control the evolution of the disease. Five hundred and four adult maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, trees were phenotypically selected as candidate trees for this programme from an area affected by PWD. To identify tolerance to the nematode, the selected trees were monitored monthly. Over the course of 1 year, 57 candidate trees died and were tested for the presence/absence of the PWN. As accuracy of detection is of major importance, an ITS‐PCR‐based method applied directly to wood from adult maritime pine trees was tested and compared with a standard morphological identification method. The results showed that the use of PCR to detect the pathogen provided more rapid and accurate results in comparison with the standard morphological identification. Thus, this method is suitable to be used in the survey of the breeding population for resistance/tolerance to PWD.     

松材线虫病病程特征变化的研究

为提高从松树病死木上取样分离松材线虫的检出率,及时、准确诊断疫木和疫点,根据病害的外部症状,把松材线虫病发病过程分为四个阶段,对各阶段的松材线虫分布、松褐天牛发生情况、含水率的变化、木材蓝变情况等特征进行研究。结果表明：病死木上松材线虫的分布由多到少为：发病前期上部>中部>下部,后期上部<中部<下部,松材线虫的数量与松褐天牛老熟幼虫的数量呈正相关,最佳的取样阶段为第Ⅱ和第Ⅲ阶段靠上部稍段取样,第Ⅳ阶段偏下部取样。     

松墨天牛成虫羽化逸出及其携带松材线虫能力的研究

松墨天牛成虫是松材线虫病的主要传播媒介,研究其成虫羽化逸出规律及其携带松材线虫能力,在松墨天牛和松材线虫的监测和综合治理上具有重要意义。研究结果表明,松墨天牛成虫羽化逸出期和高峰期,平均每年分别为８３ｄ和１２．３ｄ。携带松材线虫的松墨天牛成虫平均寿命为２９．８ｄ。松墨天牛成虫全身均能携带松材线虫,其数量比率顺序为胸〉头〉腹〉触角〉足〉翅。在浙江省富阳市,林间采用引诱剂诱获的松墨天牛成虫,平均每头携     

Pathogenicity of canadian isolates of the Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pinewood nematode) to provenances of Pinus sylvestris and Pinus contorta as grown in Finland: A greenhouse study

Seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and lodgepole pine (P. contorta Dougl.) provenances, as grown in Finland, were inoculated with “m”; and “r”; “forms”; of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) from Canada, an m form isolate from France and an r form isolate from Missouri, USA. Scots pine was highly susceptible to an Alberta r form and a British Columbia m form isolate and moderately susceptible to two Quebec m form isolates. Lodgepole pine was higly susceptible to the two r form (Alberta and Missouri) isolates and moderately susceptible to the British Columbia m form and the two Quebec m form isolates. Mortality of both pines after inoculation with the French isolate was inconsistent. Mortality of both pines occurred more rapidly following inoculation with r form than with m form nematodes. Large numbers of nematodes were generally found in the tissues of both pines. Our results with seedlings need to be corroborated by inoculating larger field‐grown trees.