玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶小母猪生产性能、血清抗氧化功能和免疫功能的影响

为了研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)污染饲粮对断奶小母猪生产性能、血清抗氧化功能、血清抗体水平及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率的影响。将40头健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶小母猪按日龄[(35±1)日龄]和平均体重[(14.01±0.86)kg]分为4组,对照组饲喂基础饲粮(ZEA水平的测定值为0 mg/kg),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0及1.5 mg/kg ZEA[ZEA水平的测定值分别为(0.52±0.07)mg/kg、(1.04±0.03)mg/kg和(1.51±0.13)mg/kg]。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:饲粮ZEA对断奶小母猪平均日采食量、平均日增重和料重比没有显著影响(P0.05)。与对照组相比,ZEA显著降低了血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px,0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)活性、猪瘟(1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)和伪狂犬病病毒抗体水平(1.5 mg/kg ZEA)以及外周血淋巴细胞增殖率(1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)(P0.05),而显著升高了血清丙二醛(MDA,0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA)含量(P0.05)。随着饲粮中ZEA水平的升高,断奶小母猪的料重比呈一次线性降低趋势(P=0.075),血清GSH-Px、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,血清病毒(猪瘟、伪狂犬病和高致病性猪蓝耳病病毒)抗体水平和外周血淋巴细胞增殖率均呈一次线性降低(P0.05),而血清MDA含量则呈一次线性升高(P0.05)。由此可见,饲粮中0.5 mg/kg的ZEA足以诱导小母猪的氧化应激反应,1.0 mg/kg的ZEA能够显著降低断奶小母猪的特异性体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。     

不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶仔猪卵巢发育的影响

为了研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEA)对断奶仔猪卵巢发育的影响,选择40头健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪,体质量(14.01±0.86)kg,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,3个试验组分别在基础饲粮基础上添加0.5(ZEA0.5)、1.0(ZEA1.0)和1.5(ZEA1.5)mg/kg的ZEA。预试期10d,正试期35d。组织学观察发现,添加ZEA后仔猪卵巢组织结构发生改变,各处理组原始卵泡明显减少,生长卵泡明显增多,ZEA1.5组生长卵泡多发生闭锁。免疫组化、RT-PCR和Western blot检测结果显示,添加不同水平ZEA后卵巢中PCNA、Bax及Bcl-2表达出现明显的异常;PCNA和Bax表达量显著上调,且ZEA1.0组高于ZEA0.5组,其次是ZEA1.5组;而Bcl-2的表达量呈剂量依赖性减少,ZEA1.0和1.5组与对照组相比差异极显著(P0.01)。结果表明:饲粮添加0.5～1.5mg/kg ZEA可引起断奶仔猪卵巢的卵泡提前发育甚至闭锁,主要途径是诱导PCNA、Bcl-2及Bax基因异常表达,引起卵巢卵泡异常发育。     

玉米赤霉烯酮和雌二醇对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分利用率和卵巢形态的影响

本试验旨在研究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和雌二醇(E2)对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分利用率和卵巢形态的影响。选取28～32日龄、体重为(13.57±0.41) kg的"杜×长×大"断奶小母猪30头,随机分为3组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,ZEA组在基础饲粮中添加1.0 mg/kg的ZEA,E2组每隔3 d肌肉注射苯甲酸雌二醇0.75 mL(相当于1.5 mg/头E2)。试验预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,ZEA组和E2组断奶仔猪生长性能均无显著差异(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,ZEA组和E2组断奶仔猪蛋白质表观代谢率(蛋白质生物学价值和净蛋白质利用率)、血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性及卵巢指数均显著提高(P0.05),ZEA和E2刺激卵巢皮质内卵泡发育并可见闭锁卵泡。3)与ZEA组相比,E2组断奶仔猪粗脂肪表观消化率、蛋白质表观代谢率和血清LDH活性显著提高(P0.05),卵巢指数则显著降低(P0.05),E2刺激卵巢皮质内出现大量闭锁的初级卵泡。由此可见,本试验条件下,ZEA和E2均能提高断奶仔猪对蛋白质的利用效率,扰乱血清酶活性,促进卵巢发育并诱导卵泡发生闭锁。     

饲粮能量水平对后备母猪卵巢发育及相关基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮能量水平对后备母猪卵巢发育及卵巢促卵泡素受体(FSHR)和促黄体素受体(LH/CGR)mRNA表达的影响。选择27头体重(61.0±3.1)kg的长×大二元母猪,随机分成3组(每组3个重复,每个重复3头猪),分别饲喂低、中、高3个能量水平[分别为NRC(1998)推荐消化能需要的90%、100%和110%]的饲粮。试验期内各组平均日采食量相同,但摄入的消化能水平不同。试验母猪在第2个发情期的第19天屠宰。结果表明:高能组卵巢重及大卵泡数显著高于低能组(P0.05);各组间小卵泡数量差异不显著(P0.05)。高能组卵巢FSHR和LH/CGR mRNA表达量最高,显著高于低能组(P0.05)。由此得出,高能量水平饲粮可促进后备母猪卵巢发育,有利于促进卵巢FSHR和LH/CGR mRNA的表达。     

玉米赤霉烯酮污染日粮对断奶母猪阴户的影响

选择35±1日龄、平均体重为10.36±1.21kg健康的三元（斯格×长×大）杂交断奶母猪20头,研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEA）污染日粮对断奶母猪阴户大小的影响。将试验母猪按照体重随机分为4个处理,对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,3个试验组分别在基础日粮的基础上添加1、2和3mg/kg的ZEA。结果表明：日粮添加1.1~3.2mg/kg ZEA显著增加断奶母猪的阴户长、宽和阴户面积（P〈0.05）。随ZEA水平的升高,母猪的阴户长、宽和阴户面积的直线回归增加的趋势（P〈0.05）。     

饲粮叶酸添加水平对山麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、生殖器官及血浆生殖激素指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮叶酸(FA)添加水平对山麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、生殖器官及血浆生殖激素指标的影响,以确定产蛋期(18~32周龄)山麻鸭FA的需要量。试验选用16周龄的山麻鸭360只,随机分成6个组,每个组5个重复,每个重复12只,单笼饲养。试验蛋鸭饲喂不添加FA的基础饲粮2周后,分别饲喂在基础饲粮中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0、8.0 mg/kg FA的试验饲粮,试验期15周。结果表明:1)饲粮FA添加水平对产蛋初期、产蛋高峰期和试验全期的蛋鸭产蛋性能指标无显著影响(P0.05)。2)随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,蛋壳相对重和蛋壳厚度先升高后下降,1.0 mg/kg FA添加组的蛋壳相对重显著高于其他组(P0.05)。3)随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,优势卵泡重、优势卵泡重/卵巢重先升高后降低,饲粮FA添加水平对优势卵泡重和优势卵泡重/卵巢重有显著影响(P0.05),以4.0mg/kg FA添加组最高。4)随着饲粮FA添加水平的提高,血浆孕酮浓度先升高后下降,其中2.0 mg/kg FA添加组血浆孕酮浓度最高;8.0 mg/kg FA添加组血浆促黄体生成素浓度显著高于其他各组(P0.05)。由此可见,在玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加FA在一定程度上有利于促进优势卵泡的发育,但未能显著影响山麻鸭的产蛋性能。仅考虑产蛋性能,玉米-豆粕型饲粮中不需添加FA;以蛋壳相对重和蛋壳厚度为评价指标,建议玉米-豆粕型饲粮FA适宜添加水平为1.0 mg/kg。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对蛋鸡生产性能、卵巢组织结构及ERα表达的影响

为研究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对蛋鸡生产性能、卵巢组织形态结构和雌激素受体(ERα)表达的影响,试验选取270日龄、体况相近的健康海兰粉蛋鸡90只,随机分为3个处理组,对照组(D组)饲喂全价基础日粮,两个攻毒组在基础日粮中分别添加1 mg/kg ZEA(G1组)和2 mg/kg ZEA(G2组),试验预饲期1周,试验期11周。结果显示:ZEA可影响蛋鸡的产蛋率,与对照组相比,攻毒组产蛋率呈早期上升,中期下降,后期恢复至对照组水平的变化过程;2 mg/kgZEA可降低破蛋率和畸形蛋率,并极显著提高卵巢ERα的阳性表达(P0.01);ZEA可造成卵巢充血、出血、卵母细胞萎缩、卵泡间质细胞群增多并水肿的病理现象。研究提示:应避免饲料中出现过量ZEA,加强日常饲养管理,以提高蛋鸡产蛋性能。     

母鼠饲粮添加丙酸铬对子代断奶仔鼠器官指数、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究SD母鼠饲粮中添加不同水平丙酸铬对子代断奶仔鼠器官指数、肠道形态、血清生化指标和免疫功能的影响。试验选用体重(55.68±3.19)g的无特定病原体(SPF)级断奶雌性SD大鼠36只,分为3个处理组,每个处理6个重复(笼),每个重复(笼)2只鼠。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(铬含量为0.14 mg/kg),试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.2、1.0 mg/kg铬(铬源于丙酸铬),母鼠饲喂到第7周以雌雄比为2:1进行合笼配种,继续饲喂至子代仔鼠3周断奶为止,试验期104 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,母鼠饲粮中添加铬对子代断奶仔鼠血清IgA含量无显著影响,降低十二指肠绒毛高度(P0.05);1.0 mg/kg铬组子代断奶仔鼠的肝脏铬沉积和肾脏指数均提高(P0.01),小肠指数降低(P0.05),降低血清碱性磷酸酶(P0.05)、D-乳酸(P0.01)、IgG(P0.01)、IgM含量(P0.05)。结果显示,母体饲粮添加0.2 mg/kg铬时与对照组有显著差异,但添加量为1.0 mg/kg时会对子代断奶仔鼠产生负面影响。     

不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对断奶母仔猪血清酶、代谢产物和肠道形态的影响。选取28日龄平均体重为(14.01±0.86)kg、健康的三元杂交(杜×长×大)雌性断奶仔猪40头,随机分为4组,每组10头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1组、试验2组和试验3组在基础饲粮中分别添加0.5、1.0和1.5 mg/kg ZEA。预试期10 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,各试验组的谷草转氨酶、碱性磷酸酶和乳酸脱氢酶活性显著升高(P0.05);试验2组的血清总胆固醇含量显著升高(P0.05);试验3组血清尿素氮和高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量显著升高(P0.05),血清总蛋白含量则显著降低(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠和空肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度都显著增大(P0.05)。试验1组和试验2组十二指肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P0.05),空肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P0.05),回肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值都显著升高(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,试验组十二指肠绒毛高度明显增大且排列疏松无序,小肠腺数量减少,黏膜厚度变薄。4)与对照组相比,试验组空肠绒毛高度增大,小肠腺数量减少,并且试验2组和试验3组空肠上皮脱落固有层裸露。5)与对照组相比,试验1组和试验2组回肠绒毛高度增大且黏膜下层内弥散淋巴细胞增多。由此可见,饲粮中添加ZEA(0.5~1.5 mg/kg)改变了断奶母仔猪的肝脏代谢和肠道的形态结构,进而影响断奶母仔猪的健康生长。     

母猪妊娠和哺乳饲粮中硒源和维生素E水平对后代仔猪器官指数和血清激素水平的影响

本试验旨在研究母猪饲粮中硒源和维生素E水平对初生仔猪和断奶仔猪器官指数和血清激素水平的影响。试验采用2×2双因子设计,设2个硒源[亚硒酸钠(SS)和酵母硒(SY)],添加水平均为0.30 mg/kg(以硒计),设2个维生素E添加水平(30和90 IU/kg)。选用296头3~8胎次的"长×大"经产母猪,按胎次和体况均衡分配的原则随机分为4组,分别为0.30 mg/kg SS+30 IU/kg维生素E组、0.30 mg/kg SS+90 IU/kg维生素E组、0.30 mg/kg SY+30 IU/kg维生素E组和0.30 mg/kg SY+90 IU/kg维生素E组,每组74个重复,每个重复1头猪。试验期为母猪配种第1天至仔猪21日龄断奶。分别在母猪分娩和断奶当天,各组以窝为单位选取8头仔猪(每窝1头,体重接近窝平均个体重,且4公4母),称重后采血并制备血清,检测血清胰岛素(Ins)、胰高血糖素(Glu)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_3)、四碘甲状腺原氨酸(T_4)和胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)水平。采血后立即屠宰仔猪,分离心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏、胰腺、胸腺和甲状腺等器官并称重。结果表明:1)与添加SS相比,母猪饲粮添加SY对初生仔猪器官指数均无显著影响(P0.05),但显著提高断奶仔猪甲状腺指数(P0.05),极显著降低断奶仔猪胸腺指数(P0.01),且提高初生仔猪血清Ins(P0.05)、T_3(P0.05)和IGF-1水平(P=0.086),极显著降低初生仔猪血清Glu和T_4水平(P0.01),显著降低断奶仔猪血清T_4水平(P0.05)。2)与添加30 IU/kg维生素E相比,母猪饲粮中添加90 IU/kg维生素E提高初生仔猪胰脏指数(P0.05)、胸腺指数(P0.05)以及断奶仔猪脾脏指数(P0.01)和胰脏指数(P=0.056),显著降低初生仔猪血清Glu水平(P0.05),但对断奶仔猪血清激素水平均无显著影响(P0.05)。3)初生仔猪胸腺指数和断奶仔猪血清T_4水平受母猪饲粮中硒源和维生素E水平的交互作用影响(P0.05)。由此可知,在母猪妊娠期和哺乳期饲粮中添加不同硒源和维生素E水平会影响到初生仔猪和断奶仔猪内脏器官的发育,并且添加SY比添加SS可提高初生仔猪血清IGF-1、Ins和T_3水平;此外,SY和维生素E可通过互作效应促进断奶仔猪血清中T_4向T_3转化。     

Effects of purified zearalenone on growth performance, organ size, serum metabolites, and oxidative stress in postweaning gilts

Zearalenone (ZEA), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is produced mainly by Fusarium fungi. Previous studies indicated that acute ZEA exposure induced oxidative stress and damage in multiple organs. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the adverse effects of dietary ZEA (1.1 to 3.2 mg/kg of diet) on oxidative stress and organ damage in postweaning gilts. A total of 20 gilts (Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) weaned at d 21 with an average BW of 10.36 ± 1.21 kg was used in the study. Gilts were housed in a temperature-controlled room, divided into 4 treatments, and fed a basal diet only (control) or basal diet supplemented with purified ZEA at a dietary concentration of 1 (ZEA1), 2 (ZEA2), or 3 (ZEA3) mg/kg of diet for 18 d ad libitum. The actual ZEA contents (analyzed) were 0, 1.1 ± 0.02, 2.0 ± 0.01, and 3.2 ± 0.02 mg/kg for control, ZEA1, ZEA2, and ZEA3, respectively. Gilts fed different amounts of dietary ZEA grew similarly with no difference (P > 0.05) in feed intake. Vulva size increased linearly over the 18 d of feeding in gilts fed diets containing 1.1 mg of ZEA/kg or greater (P < 0.001). Relative weight of genital organs, liver, and kidney increased linearly (P < 0.05) in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. Serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamate transferase, urea, and creatinine (P < 0.05), and malondialdehyde concentrations in both serum and liver (P < 0.001) were also increased linearly in a ZEA-dose-dependent manner. However, spleen relative weight (P = 0.002) and activities of total superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (in both serum and liver (P < 0.05) were decreased linearly as dietary ZEA increased. Results showed that besides genital organs, the liver, kidney, and spleen may also be target tissues in young gilts fed diets containing 1.1 to 3.2 mg of ZEA/kg for 18 d. Increased key liver enzymes in the serum suggest progressive liver damage caused by feeding ZEA, and an increase in oxidative stress in gilts is another potential impact of ZEA toxicity in pigs.     

Comparative study of stress response,growth and development of uteri in post‐weaning gilts challenged with zearalenone and estradiol benzoate

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of zearalenone (ZEA) and estradiol benzoate (EB) on stress injury and uterine development in post‐weaning gilts. Thirty healthy post‐weaning female gilts (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) aged 28–32 days were randomly allocated to three treatments as follows: (a) basal diet (Control), (b) basal diet plus 1.0 mg/kg purified ZEA (ZEA) and (c) basal diet plus 0.75 ml (1.5 mg) EB per pig at 3‐days intervals by intramuscular injection (EB). The serum estradiol (E₂), the final and the increased vulvar area, uterine index, thickness of the myometrium and endometrium, and protein expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in ZEA group were higher than those in the control group (p < .05), but lower than those in the EB group (p < .05). The serum luteinizing hormone in ZEA group was lower than that of the control group (p < .05), but higher than that in the EB group (p < .05). Higher serum follicle‐stimulating hormone and progesterone were observed in the ZEA and control groups than those in the EB group (p < .05). The serum glutathione peroxidase activity in the ZEA group was lower than that in the control and EB groups (p < .001), and the malondialdehyde in the ZEA group was higher than that in the control and EB groups (p < .001). Moreover, the relative mRNA and protein expression of growth hormone receptor (GHR) and relative mRNA expression of HSP70 in the ZEA and EB groups were higher than those in the control group (p < .05). In conclusion, both ZEA (1.0 mg/kg) and EB (1.5 mg at 3 days intervals by intramuscular injection) stimulated vulvar swelling and uterine hypertrophy by disordering serum hormones and up‐regulating GHR expression, and induced stress by different mechanisms in this study. Furthermore, the observed up‐regulating HSP70 expression challenged by ZEA or EB may be part of the mechanism to resist stress injury.     

Effects of Fusarium Toxins on Serum Enzymes Activity,Liver Antioxidant Function and Histopathology of Weaned Gilts

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of Fusarium toxins contaminated diet on serum enzymes, liver antioxidant function and histopathology of weaned gilts.Forty healthy weaned gilts (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) aged 35 d with body weight of (8.45±0.94) kg were randomly allocated into 2 groups with 20 replicates per group and 1 pigs per replicate.Gilts in the control group were fed with basal diet, and those in the experiment group were fed with Fusarium toxins contaminated diet made by replacing 50% of corn and corn gluten meal in the basal diet with the naturally contaminated corn and corn gluten meal (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM).Gilts were fed individually in a metabolic cage for 35 d after 7 d adaptation.The results showed as follows:① Compared with control group, the serum activities of AST, ALT and ALP in experimental group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the liver index of experiment group was significantly decreased (P<0.05).②Compared with control group, the activities of GSH-Px and T-SOD in serum and liver of experimental group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the MDA content in serum and liver were significantly increased (P<0.05).③ Histological examination of liver in experiment group revealed a certain degree of damage, with obvious inflammatory cell infiltration partly at the margin of hepatic lobule and vacuoles degeneration of local hepatic cells.The results indicated that Fusarium toxins contaminated diets (0.90 mg/kg ZEN, 1.43 mg/kg DON, 5.85 mg/kg FUM) could change serum enzymes activity and impair liver antioxidant function, with a certain degree of pathological injury of liver in the present study, which had a negative impact on the normal liver function in weaned gilts.     

玉米赤霉烯酮对青年母猪子宫发育、生长激素分泌及其受体分布与表达的影响

本试验旨在研究玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)对青年母猪子宫发育、生长激素(GH)分泌及其受体(GHR)分布与表达的影响.选择胎次和体重[(23.20±0.68)kg]相近的长×大二元青年母猪48头,将其随机分为4组,每组12个重复,每个重复1头.对照组(CON组)饲喂基础饲粮,试验组(T1、T2、T3组)饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添...     

Interaction of zearalenone and soybean isoflavone in diets on the growth performance, organ development and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts

The aim of the present research was to determine the interactive effect of zearalenone (ZEA) and soybean isoflavone (ISO) on the growth performance, development of organs and serum parameters in prepubertal gilts. Ninety 75-day-old female pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, 26.5 ± 0.60 kg) were randomly allocated to nine diet treatments during the 21-day study. The experiment employed a 3 × 3 factorial design using a non-soybean meal diet with the addition of 0, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg ZEA and 0, 300 or 600 mg/kg ISO. The results indicated that simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO had no significant influence on the growth performance in prepubertal gilts. Zearalenone with 2 mg/kg increased (p < 0.05) the relative weight of the reproductive organs (including uterus and vagina) but had no obvious effects (p > 0.05) on the relative weight of the heart, liver, lung, kidney and spleen. Isoflavone at 600 mg/kg could offset the increased weight of the reproductive organs induced by ZEA. Simultaneous addition of ZEA and ISO to prepubertal gilts increased the level of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum (p < 0.05) at day 14 but their levels decreased (p < 0.05) over time. Zearalenone increased the level of malondialdehyde and decreased the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (p < 0.05) in the serum. The results suggested that ISO added to diets at 600 mg/kg could reduce the increase in the relative weight of reproductive organs and relieve the oxidative stress induced by ZEA added at 2 mg/kg during the growth phase in prepubertal gilts.     

Ovarian morphological conditions and the effect of injection of human chorionic gonadotropin on ovulation rates in prepuberal gilts with two morphologically different ovarian types

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the ovulation rate after treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in two groups of gilts characterized by different ovarian morphology: grape-type (GT; n = 11) and honeycomb-type (HT; n = 7). At 170 d of age (d 0), gilts were examined by laparoscopy and ovarian type was determined by the distribution of macroscopic follicles present on the ovarian surface. Five to ten minutes after surgery, each gilt received a single injection (i.m.) of 750 IU of hCG. At d 0, GT ovaries had a greater number of large follicles (greater than or equal to 6 mm) than HT ovaries (10.0 +/- .5 vs 2.6 +/- .3; P less than .05), whereas HT ovaries had more small follicles (1 to 3 mm; HT: 42.3 +/- .8 vs GT: 26.7 +/- .9; P less than .05) and total follicles (HT: 59.4 +/- 2.3 vs GT: 52.2 +/- 1.5; P less than .05), although numbers of medium follicles (4 to 5 mm) were similar (GT: 15.6 +/- .8 vs HT: 14.6 +/- 1.7; P greater than .10). Number of induced corpora lutea (CL) per ovary was greater (P less than .05) in gilts with GT ovaries (10.59 +/- 2.9 CL) than in gilts with HT ovaries (5.21 +/- .66 CL). Total weight of luteal tissue (LT) per ovary and serum progesterone concentrations 8 d after induction of ovulation were greater in GT gilts than in HT gilts (GT: 6.37 +/- 1.09 g vs HT: 3.31 +/- .49 g for LT, P less than .05; GT: 21.08 +/- 4.76 ng/ml vs HT: 13.40 +/- 2.05 ng/ml for progesterone, P less than .07).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

镰刀菌毒素对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响

试验旨在研究镰刀菌毒素污染日粮对断奶仔猪血清酶、肝脏抗氧化功能及组织病理学的影响。选择35日龄体重为(8.45±0.94) kg的健康三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶雌性仔猪40头,随机分为2组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用霉变玉米和霉变玉米蛋白粉替代基础日粮中50%的玉米和玉米蛋白粉配制而成的镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN) 0.90 mg/kg,呕吐毒素(DON) 1.43 mg/kg,烟曲霉毒素(FUM) 5.85 mg/kg)。仔猪单栏饲喂,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。结果表明:①与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均显著升高(P<0.05),肝脏相对重显著降低(P<0.05);②与对照组相比,试验组断奶仔猪血清和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)活性均显著降低(P<0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)含量显著升高(P<0.05);③病理组织学观察发现,试验组断奶仔猪肝脏出现一定程度的组织损伤,部分肝小叶边缘发生明显的炎性细胞浸润,肝细胞发生局部空泡变性。由此可知,镰刀菌毒素污染日粮(0.90 mg/kg ZEN,1.43 mg/kg DON,5.85 mg/kg FUM)饲喂断奶仔猪可引起仔猪血清酶活性改变,肝脏抗氧化功能降低,肝脏组织出现一定程度的病理损伤,从而影响肝脏功能的发挥。     

玉米赤霉烯酮对后备母猪子宫和卵巢抗氧化和炎症指标及相关基因表达的影响

试验旨在研究玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEA）对后备母猪子宫和卵巢抗氧化和炎症指标及相关基因表达的影响。选择胎次和体重（（23.20±0.68）kg）相近的长×大二元后备母猪48头,随机分为4组,每组设12个重复,每个重复1头母猪。对照组（CON组）饲喂基础饲粮,试验组（T1、T2、T3组）饲喂在基础饲粮中分别添加200、800、1600 μg·kg^-1ZEA的试验饲粮。预试期7 d,正试期40 d。结果如下：1）与CON组相比,T3组血清T-AOC和SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05）,MDA水平显著升高（P<0.05）。2）与CON组相比,子宫组织中,T2和T3组T-AOC活性显著降低（P<0.05）,T3组SOD活性极显著降低（P<0.01）,卵巢组织中,T3组T-AOC活性、T2组GSH-Px和SOD活性显著降低（P<0.05）,T3组MDA水平显著升高（P<0.05）。3）与CON组相比,T2组血清TNF-α和IL-4水平显著升高（P<0.05）,T1~T3组血清IL-10水平显著降低（P<0.05）。4）与CON组相比,子宫组织中,T2组IL-1β水平显著升高（P<0.05）,T1和T3组IL-10水平显著降低（P<0.05）。卵巢组织中,T2组TNF-α水平显著升高（P<0.05）,T1~T3组IL-4水平显著升高（P<0.05）。5）子宫组织中,T3组Cu/Zn-SOD mRNA的相对表达显著低于CON组（P<0.05）,T2组IL-1β mRNA的相对表达显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。6）卵巢组织中,T3组GSH-Px mRNA的相对表达显著低于CON组（P<0.05）,T2组IL-1β mRNA的相对表达显著高于CON组（P<0.05）。综上所述,ZEA能通过抑制SOD和GSH-Px的表达与合成,降低后备母猪子宫和卵巢的抗氧化性能,并引起氧化应激。ZEA能通过促进TNF-α和IL-1β表达与合成引起子宫和卵巢的炎症反应,抑制IL-10的表达与合成从而抑制两组织的抗炎反应。