牦牛源正呼肠孤病毒2型的检测和分离鉴定

旨在调查川西北牦牛哺乳动物正呼肠孤病毒（MRV）的感染情况并分离病毒。采用RT-PCR方法，对采自川西北15个牧场的72份牦牛腹泻粪便样本和其中5个牧场的15份腹泻牦牛血清样本进行MRV检测，阳性样本进一步用分型PCR确定其血清型。结果显示，粪便样本中MRV检出率为20.83%（15/72），血清2型的比例为60%（9/15）；血清样本中MRV检出率为40%（6/15），血清2型的比例为83.33%（5/6）；未检测到其他血清型。成功地从腹泻粪便中分离到1株MRV血清2型毒株（TCID₅₀为4×10^-8.56·mL^-1），并获得长度为23 587 bp的分离株全基因组，该分离株与中国猪源毒株的遗传关系最近；与GenBank中所有的MRV S1基因相比，该分离株有4个独特的氨基酸突变。本研究从牦牛中检测到MRV，并分离到1株牛源MRV血清2型毒株，为进一步研究MRV血清2型生物学特性奠定了基础。     

A new serotype adenovirus isolated from a goat in the United States.

A virus (T94-0353) isolated from the small intestine of a 3-week-old kid with diarrhea and serous ocular and nasal discharge was identified as an adenovirus based on morphologic and physicochemical characteristics. Neutralization tests and restriction endonuclease analysis comparing the caprine adenovirus with the prototype bovine and ovine adenovirus serotypes and a previously isolated caprine adenovirus showed that the caprine isolate was antigenically distinct, produced a unique restriction pattern compared with currently recognized bovine, caprine, and ovine adenoviruses, and represents a new adenovirus type. The role and significance of naturally acquired adenovirus infection in respiratory and enteric disease in goats has not been established. Isolation of adenovirus from goats with disease coupled with seroepidemiologic and pathogenicity studies will help define the role of the adenoviruses in disease production.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒变异株XP2018的分离及S基因序列分析

本研究旨在从临床仔猪腹泻样品中分离猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV),并对其S基因进行测序分析.对腹泻仔猪小肠样品进行RT-PCR检测、病毒的分离培养、RT-PCR和间接免疫荧光鉴定、S基因测序及遗传演化分析.结果显示:仔猪腹泻由流行性腹泻病毒引起;在Vero细胞上成功分离流行性腹泻病毒,命名为XP2018,该毒株细胞病变明...     

一例鸭鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及抗原性分析

对出现精神沉郁、食欲减退、拉稀、脚软和共济失调症状,其后死亡,的鸭病例,进行常规诊断、动物试验,结果分离到一株细菌,命名为GDYJS-1.分离株通过生长特性、凝集试验、染色特性及VITEK-32微生物鉴定系统生化试验鉴定为沙门氏菌;16S rRNA基因序列的测定与分析,鉴定为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌.     

鹅细小病毒安徽分离株NS和VP基因的克隆及序列分析

为研究安徽省鹅细小病毒（goose parvovirus,GPV）的遗传变异特征,本研究通过PCR扩增获得GPV基因AH,并与天鹅、番鸭、雁鹅等宿主的GPV相应基因序列进行了比对。序列分析可见,AH基因包括完整的NS和VP基因,长度分别为1 884和2 199 bp,分别编码2个非结构蛋白和3个结构蛋白。遗传进化分析显示,安徽分离株AH基因与重庆分离株毒株RC16及安徽分离的强毒株Y、E、Yan-2等基因序列的遗传距离较近;而与安徽分离的鸭源细小病毒株DS15和匈牙利分离株Virulent B,尤其是与疫苗株SYG61v遗传距离较远。同源性分析结果表明,AH-NS基因与毒株RC16核苷酸序列同源性最高,为99.6%;与疫苗株SYG61v同源性最低,为94.3%;AH-VP基因与毒株RC16的核苷酸序列一致,而与毒株DS15同源性仅为95.2%。安徽GPV AH基因序列与强毒株的基因位点一致,在VP3基因的第797、1 141、1 144、1 169和1 185 bp处分别为G、A、G、C、T,结合该毒株引发疾病的严重程度,符合高致病力毒株特点。本试验结果表明,GPV同源性普遍较高,宿主范围较广泛,对不同品种水禽均有较强的侵染力。     

Haemolytic Escherichia coli isolated from dogs with diarrhea have characteristics of both uropathogenic and necrotoxigenic strains

Twenty-four haemolytic Escherichia coli strains were isolated from dogs with diarrhea. The strains were serotyped and analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for genes encoding virulence factors associated with E. coli that cause diarrhea in animals. Adhesion antigen production was deduced from haemagglutination experiments. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of heat extracts was also used as an indication for the production of adhesive structures. The majority of the strains was shown to produce this type of virulence factor. Adhesion and invasion tests of the strains and Caco-2 cells showed that all strains adhered and that two were invasive. The two invasive strains were positive in the intimin PCR and one of them also contained genes encoding CS31A. The PCR for heat stable toxin (ST) was positive in only four strains, as was the presence of F17 fimbrial genes. Surprisingly, 19 strains had intact P fimbrial operons, coding for an adhesin involved in urinary tract infection (UTI). The cytotoxic necrotising factor 1 (CNF1) gene, also mainly found in UTI was likewise detected in these 19 strains. Cytolethal distending toxin (Cdt) genes were found in five strains. The high number of strains positive for CNF1 and P fimbriae prompted us to test the strains in a multiplex PCR used to test E. coli isolated from UTI in various species for 30 virulence associated genes. The data showed that the majority of the diarrhea isolates have virulence factor profiles highly similar to UTI E. coli isolates from dogs. This raises the question whether these isolates are real intestinal pathogens or "innocent bystanders". However, since CNF1 producing necrotoxic E. coli (NTEC) strains isolated from humans, pigs and calves with diarrhea appear to be highly related to our strains, it might be that in dogs this type of isolate is capable of causing not only UTI, but also diarrhea. If this is the case and this type of isolate is "bifunctional", domestic animals likely constitute a reservoir of NTEC strains which can be also pathogenic for humans.     

牛冠状病毒S基因的序列分析及原核表达

为了解牛冠状病毒（bovine coronavirus,BCoV）的S基因变异情况并建立ELISA检测方法,本研究对采自不同牛场的新生犊牛腹泻（CD）和成年牛冬痢（WD）腹泻样本提取总RNA,反转录合成cDNA,利用PCR扩增S全基因和S1基因。将S1基因目的片段连接表达载体pET-32a （+）,并转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,经PCR、双酶切及测序验证正确后,进行IPTG诱导表达。结果显示,CD与WD分离株S基因核苷酸为98.4%,CD和WD分离株与参考毒株BCoV-ENT株核苷酸同源性最高,分别为98.4%和98.5%,CD分离株与参考毒株SUN5株的同源性最低,为97.5%,WD分离株与FRA/EPI/Caen/2003/13同源性最低,为97.3%。通过比对可知,分离株与已知毒株之间存在较大差异,为疫苗候选毒株筛选提供依据。本试验同时构建了pET-32a-S1表达载体,在0.2 mmol/L IPTG诱导5 h时,重组菌能在大肠杆菌BL21感受态细胞中产生大量的S1融合蛋白,获得约58 ku表达产物。本试验成功表达了S1蛋白,并对BCoV进行了核苷酸进化分析,为疫苗免疫效果评价方法的建立奠定了基础。     

Isolation,Identification and Pathogenicity of Salmonella typhimurium from Guizhou Pony

To investigate the reason of the diarrhea in Guizhou pony,we used the feces of pony as experimental material to isolate and detect pathogenic bacteria.S6 strain was isolated from SS and XLD medium,and identified using Gram staining,biochemical tests and molecular phylogeny methods.The results showed that S6 strain could growth on SS and XLD medium,and the Gram staining was negative.Biochemical test suggested that its phenotype features were accordance with Salmonella.The 16S rRNA gene sequence of S6 strain was determined in a nucleotide sequence identity of 99% with Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 13311 (NR_119108).Based on the morphological and molecular phylogenetic results,the strain was identified as Salmonella typhimurium S6 strain.It was virulent to mice with the median lethal dose (LD₅₀) of 4.71×10² CFU.Then,we amplified the invasion protein A (invA) gene by PCR method.The invA gene isolated from S6 strain contained 6 to 8 bp different from the known gene,which resulted in only one amino acid substitution.The mutant sites of invA gene might attribute to the pathogenicity of S6 strain.The detection rate of Salmonella was 57% in Guizhou pony population.It was inferred that the diarrhea in Guizhou pony might be caused by virulent Salmonella typhimurium.     

贵州矮马鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的分离鉴定及其致病力研究

为了探究贵州矮马的腹泻病原,试验以腹泻粪样为材料进行病原菌的分离鉴定。经SS和XLD培养基筛选,得到1株菌株S6,经革兰氏染色、生理生化检验以及16S rRNA基因序列比对分析,S6菌株可在SS和XLD琼脂培养基表面生长,革兰氏染色呈阴性;生理生化检验结果与沙门氏菌的生化特性相符;16S rRNA基因序列与已知的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌ATCC 13311（登录号：NR_119108）的亲缘关系最近,序列同源性为99％。形态学和分子系统学分析表明,该菌株为鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。采用PCR方法从S6菌株基因组中得到侵袭蛋白A（invasion protein A,invA）基因,与已知基因序列有6~8 bp不一致,编码的氨基酸发生了一个替换。通过改良寇氏法测定S6菌株对小鼠的半数致死量（LD₅₀）为4.71×10² CFU,属于强致病力菌株。推测S6 invA基因的变异可能与菌株的毒力强弱有关。贵州矮马群体中沙门氏菌的检出率为57％。本研究提示贵州矮马的腹泻病原之一可能是强毒力的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。     

Evaluation of a routine diagnostic fecal panel for dogs with diarrhea

OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic yield of a routine fecal panel and determine whether Clostridium perfringens or C difficile toxin production is associated with acute hemorrhagic diarrheal syndrome (AHDS) in dogs. DESIGN: Case-control study. ANIMALS: 260 dogs with diarrhea and 177 dogs with normal feces. PROCEDURE: Medical records were reviewed for results of culture for C difficile, Campylobacterspp, and Salmonella spp; C perfringens fecal enterotoxin (CPE) assay via ELISA or reverse passive latex agglutination (RPLA) assay; fecal endospore enumeration; C difficile toxin A assay; and parasite evaluation. RESULTS: Prevalence of CPE in dogs with diarrhea was 22/154 (14.3%) via ELISA and 47/104 (45.2%) via RPLA assay, versus 9/74 (12%) via ELISA and 26/103 (25%) via RPLA assay in control dogs. Prevalence of C difficile was 47/260 (18%) in dogs with diarrhea and 41/74 (55%) in control dogs. Prevalence of C difficile toxin A was 26/254 (10.2%) in dogs with diarrhea and 0/74 in control dogs. Diagnosis of AHDS was made in 27 dogs; 8 had positive results for CPE, 7 had positive results for toxin A, and 1 had positive results for both toxins. Campylobacter spp were isolated from 13 of 260 (5%) dogs with diarrhea and 21 of 74 (28.4%) control dogs. Salmonella spp were isolated from 3 (1.2%) dogs with diarrhea. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Diagnostic value of a fecal panel in dogs with diarrhea appears to below.     

猪流行性腹泻病毒CH/GX/2015/750A株的分离鉴定及全基因组序列分析

本研究旨在获得可在细胞培养中稳定、有效生长增殖的猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV）分离毒株,并对其全基因组序列进行测定分析。应用Vero细胞从广西腹泻仔猪肠道内容物中进行病毒分离,通过细胞病变和RT-PCR对细胞培养物进行鉴定,应用下一代测序技术对分离毒株全基因组序列进行测定。结果显示,成功分离到1株PEDV,命名为CH/GX/2015/750A。该毒株可稳定有效地在Vero细胞生长增殖,并引起典型的细胞病变;已在Vero细胞连续传代25代,病毒滴度随着传代次数的增加逐渐提高并稳定在10^7.50TCID₅₀/mL。该毒株全基因组序列长28 038 bp;与22个参考毒株的全基因序列比对显示,核苷酸同源性为96.8%~99.8%,其中与YC2014株同源性最高,为99.8%。全基因组和S基因系统进化分析显示,PEDV CH/GX/2015/750A分离毒株属于Ⅱa亚群,与YC2014、PEDV-WS等变异毒株亲缘关系密切。结果表明,本研究分离获得的CH/GX/2015/750A毒株是PEDV地方流行变异毒株。     

牛病毒性腹泻病毒JN株的分离鉴定及E2基因的序列分析

本研究从疑似牛病毒性腹泻病毒(bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)感染牛的分泌物与排泄物中分离鉴定1株牛病毒性腹泻病毒,并进行E2基因序列分析。结果表明,分离株病毒命名为JN株;Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒TCID₅₀为10^-7.5/0.1 mL;病毒中和试验结果表明,BVDV JN分离株可被BVDV阳性血清特异性中和,而不能被BVDV阴性血清中和;分离株病毒E2基因序列测序结果表明,该分离毒株属于BVDVⅠa亚型。     

Isolation and characterization of Campylobacter,Helicobacter, and Anaerobiospirillum strains from a puppy with bloody diarrhea

We carried out a microscopic examination of stools from a 2-month-old female puppy with bloody diarrhea, and this revealed large numbers of different spiral-shaped bacteria. To isolate these organisms, a rectal swab specimen was inoculated onto plates of Skirrow's agar and incubated at 37 degrees C for 6 days in a microaerobic atmosphere. Finally, a total of six different spiral-shaped bacteria (strains G1104, 94105, FR106, B0101, 3J102, and J2103) were isolated. Based on their morphology, biochemical traits, whole-cell protein profiles, and analysis of their 16S rDNA sequences, they were identified as Campylobacter upsaliensis, Helicobacter cinaedi, 'Flexispira rappini', two Anaerobiospirillum spp. with different morphologies, and Helicobacter sp., respectively. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data for strains 94150 (H. cinaedi) and FR106 (F. rappini) revealed that this approach has limitations when identifying isolates to the species level because of a high degree of sequence homology between these species (>99%) and considerable sequence variation among different isolates within these species. The dog was treated orally with amoxicillin for 3 days, which resolved the diarrhea. However, 1 day after the last dose the bloody diarrhea recurred but regarded to six more days amoxicillin treatment. This suggests a bacterial cause for the diarrhea. The approach to identification to microaerobic spiral-shaped bacteria in diarrheic dogs can be applied further to characterize their role in diarrhea illness.     

奶牛源化脓隐秘杆菌的分离鉴定及其毒力基因的检测

本研究旨在分离鉴定来自北京某奶牛场死亡奶牛肺脏的1株疑似病原菌CVCC 3982,并测定其致病性。通过分离培养获得疑似病原菌,采用Biolog鉴定系统和16S rDNA序列分析对其进行了鉴定,人工接种CD-1小鼠测定了其致病性,合成引物对其主要毒力基因进行了检测。结果显示,该疑似病原菌为革兰氏阳性杆菌,β溶血,Biolog鉴定结果显示其为化脓隐秘杆菌,其16S rDNA序列与化脓隐秘杆菌模式菌株NCTC 5224的同源性达100%,系统发育分析显示其与化脓隐秘杆菌处于同一分支。腹腔注射该菌可致小鼠死亡。分离菌株基因组中含有溶血素(PLO)基因,神经氨酸酶H(NanH)基因,神经氨酸酶P(NanP)基因,菌毛基因(fimA、fimC和fimE),但缺失胶原结合蛋白(CbpA)基因和菌毛fimG基因。结果表明该分离菌株为化脓隐秘杆菌且具有致病性。     

兔奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及耐药性分析

为了解拉萨市一种兔场种兔腹泻死亡的病因,本试验从一只种兔的肠道内容物中分离出一株细菌,通过革兰氏染色、生化鉴定、16S rRNA PCR扩增和序列比对、动物回归试验及药敏试验进行了分析。结果显示,分离菌株为单个或成对的短杆状的革兰氏阴性菌;分离菌与GenBank中奇异变形杆菌的同源性为73.5%～99.8%,采用Mega 7.0软件将分离菌株与11株参考菌株的16S rRNA序列进行同源性比对分析,并构建系统进化树,综合分析后确定分离菌株为奇异变形杆菌,命名为T2018。在动物回归试验中有3只试验兔出现了腹泻,但均未死亡,剖检结果显示,空肠、回肠肠壁薄而透明,内有半透明胶冻样物;结肠和盲肠黏膜充血,浆膜上有出血斑点。药敏试验显示,分离菌株仅对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、庆大霉素和喹诺酮类的氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星5种抗菌药表现出高度敏感,对哌拉西林表现为中介,对其他24种抗生素均表现为耐药。上述结果表明该种兔场种兔腹泻死亡的病原为奇异变形杆菌。     

鸽源Ⅰ型禽副黏病毒HN基因序列测定和分析

以分离自云南省的一株鸽源禽I型副黏病毒YN-P1株的基因组RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR的方法扩增出HN基因片段,然后将其克隆至T载体中。经PCR鉴定后,对阳性克隆进行核苷酸序列测定。测序后拼接得出HN基因的全序列。测序结果显示,YNP1毒株HN基因为1 716 nt。通过与参考毒株比较HN基因序列,发现所研究毒株YN-P1与TW95核苷酸序列同源性最高为88.3％;与ZJ1／Go氨基酸序列同源性最高为91.6％。     

猪流行性腹泻病毒JS2017株的分离鉴定及S基因序列分析

为了解江苏省某规模化猪场猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)遗传变异情况,本试验采集腹泻仔猪小肠组织及肠道内容物,通过RT-PCR进行PEDV鉴定。将检测为阳性的病料组织经20μg/mL胰酶处理后,接种到Vero细胞中进行培养,将细胞培养物进行反复冻融后,收获病毒液,进行RT-PCR鉴定。采用分段重叠策略对其S基因进行全基因序列扩增,并在此基础上分析该毒株S基因的核苷酸同源性及遗传进化关系。结果显示,经RT-PCR鉴定,病料组织呈PEDV阳性,阳性病料接种Vero细胞盲传4代后,出现明显的细胞病变,表现为细胞合胞体病变,空泡化,最终裂解脱落。收获的病毒液经RT-PCR鉴定后,确认分离到1株PEDV,命名为JS2017株。核苷酸序列分析表明,JS2017株S基因序列与美国变异株OH1414、加拿大变异株ON-007、中国变异株PEDV-LYG和CH/PDS/2015位于同一进化分支,其核苷酸同源性高达99.0%以上;其中与中国变异株YC2014亲缘关系最近,核苷酸同源性为100.0%;与经典株CV777、DR13株同源性较低,亲缘关系较远。结果表明,本研究分离获得的JS2017毒株是一株PEDV地方流行变异毒株,与2014年中国江苏分离株(YC2014株)亲缘关系最密切,与当前猪流行性腹泻疫苗株亲缘关系较远。     

Experimental superinfection of a Lesser Malayan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus) persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus.

A Lesser Malayan mousedeer (Tragulus javanicus), persistently infected with noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1f, was experimentally superinfected with a cytopathogenic isolate of BVDV type 1c, which antigenically partially matched the endogenous strain. Within the observational period of 125 days after superinfection, the animal did not demonstrate any clinical signs of the disease and/or significant changes in blood values. Neutralizing antibodies were detected at 35 and 42 days postinfection. The isolate causing the superinfection was found in feces, nasal swabs, and saliva starting from day 29 and at various times postchallenge. Macroscopic or histologic examination did not reveal mucosal disease-like lesions, despite the detection of the cytopathogenic isolate in the salivary gland, rumen, abomasum, kidney, and superficial prescapular lymph node. Results indicate that the cytopathogenic BVDV strain, which was used in the superinfection, persisted in the viremic animal without causing disease within the observation period.     

1株猫杯状病毒的分离鉴定及其ORF2序列的遗传演化分析

为了解猫杯状病毒形态特征及遗传演化情况,采用F81细胞从患病宠物猫的鼻拭子样品中分离获得1株猫杯状病毒(feline calicivirus,FCV),命名为SH1.经电镜观察,病毒粒子呈球形,无囊膜,符合FCV的形态特征.采用RT-PCR方法扩增了该毒株的全基因组,并进行了序列测定和衣壳蛋白基因(ORF2)序列的分析...