水分胁迫对线辣椒根系生长及产量的影响

以陕西省关中线辣椒产区普遍种植的两个线辣椒品种多娇和辛香8号为试材,研究水分胁迫对其根系形态发育及产量的影响。试验采用盆栽方法,设置5个水分梯度：40%～50%（T1）,50%～60%(T2),60%～70%(T3),70%～80%(T4),80%～90%（CK）,测定其单株总根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数、根交叉数、根分叉数、根平均直径、根冠比、 单株结果数和单株产量等。结果表明,各处理的单株总根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数、根交叉数、根分叉数在水分胁迫的第20～40天期间,增加速率明显减小,甚至出现负增长,说明此时期是线辣椒根系对水分胁迫最敏感的时期;不同处理之间单株总根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数、根分叉数、根交叉数表现为CK＞T4＞T3＞T2＞T1,T1、T2在整个水分胁迫期间均显著地抑制了根系的生长,T3、T4主要在第20～40天期间显著抑制了根系生长;在整个胁迫期间,各处理的根冠比和根平均直径均大于对照,说明线辣椒在水分胁迫下,其根系吸收的水分会首先用于保证根系自身生长,且胁迫处理不利于细根的生长及侧根的发生;单株结果数和单株产量随着土壤水分含量的降低而减少;辛香8号在各胁迫处理下的根系生长受抑制程度及单株减产程度均大于多娇,说明辛香8号的耐旱性弱于多娇。     

南方丘陵典型季节性干旱区水稻节水灌溉的密肥互作效应研究

采用裂区试验设计,研究了南方丘陵季节性干旱地区间歇灌溉水稻密度与氮肥互作效应及其对水稻光合特性、稻谷产量及产量结构的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加,孕穗期前,间歇灌溉水稻群体净光合速率增加,但孕穗期后,高密度大群体净光合速率衰退较快。与此同时,高密度大群体剑叶光合速率、穗粒数、结实率及千粒重均较低;随着施氮量的增加,水稻群体净光合速率、剑叶光合速率、叶绿素含量、单位面积穗数及穗粒数增加,而结实率与千粒重降低。在本研究条件下,间歇灌溉水稻密度为281 250穴/hm2、施氮量225 kg/hm2时,其产量最高,达10 297.90 kg/hm2。     

赤霉素GA4+7种子引发处理对玉米光合作用及产量的影响

研究了外源赤霉素处理玉米种子对其光合特性的影响,可为通过外源激素调控玉米生长和种子加工技术开发提供依据。以玉米种子‘郑单958’为材料,设置10、60、120 mg/L 3个质量浓度的GA4+7[m（GA4）:m（GA7）=40:60]进行浸种后回干的引发处理,以常规不处理的种子为对照,测定了大田试验玉米叶片光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数、叶面积及光合产物积累量及光合色素含量。结果表明:GA4+7种子引发处理可提高玉米叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度、单株叶面积、干物质积累量以及光合色素含量,同时可降低叶绿素a与叶绿素b比值,有效降低初始荧光（F0）,增大最大荧光（Fm）、PSⅡ的光能转换效率（Fv/Fm）和实际量子效率（F/Fm'）,提高百粒重和籽粒产量,其中以60 mg/L的GA4+7处理（G2）效果最明显。在三叶期、七叶期与拔节期,G2处理玉米的净光合速率分别比对照提高74.3%、42.6%和39.6%（差异显著,P0.05）,单株叶面积分别提高30.9%、48.5%和24.1%（差异显著,P0.05）,干物质积累量分别增加19.6%、46.9%和52.9%（差异显著,P0.05）,总叶绿素含量分别提高21.5%、12.1%和11.1%（差异显著,P0.05）,百粒重和籽粒产量显著高于对照,分别提高6.0%和9.7%（P0.05）。     

渭北高原不同施肥方案土壤效应及对再植苹果生长发育的影响

为了给通过施肥解决苹果连作障碍问题提供借鉴,于2006～2007年在西北农林科技大学白水苹果试验站,采用盆栽试验和大田试验,研究了施用磷肥和抗重茬肥对土壤养分、微生物、土壤酶以及幼树根系活力、株高、叶面积的效应.结果表明:施用500 g/株抗重茬肥可以提高土壤有效养分和土壤酶,改善土壤微生物群体结构,促进植株生长,与非连作幼树表现基本一致;施用250 g/株抗重茬肥、500 g/株和1 000 g/株磷肥在减轻连作危害方面效果较好,处理后多数测定指标都相对高于连作幼树对照,但效应有限.综合考虑土壤效应和苹果生长因素,老果园再植以施用500 g/株用量的抗重茬肥可以部分解决苹果再植障碍问题.     

不同氮肥处理对糜子产量及品质的影响

以晋黍9号为材料,研究了普通尿素和缓释尿素对糜子产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施氮处理的糜子蛋白质含量都显著大于对照,而淀粉含量都显著小于对照;产量以PN2(普通尿素150 kg·hm-2)最高,增产幅度为28.48%;产量与穗数和单株粒重达到极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.81和0.62;糜子产量与籽粒蛋白质含量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.83,与籽粒淀粉含量呈显著负相关,相关系数为-0.44。本试验条件下,糜子产量的增加主要是通过增加穗数和单株粒重来实现的。以普通肥料N150 kg·hm-2为最适施氮量。研究表明不是所有土壤类型都适合施用缓释尿素,研究区为砂质土,保水保肥能力差,通气性好,施用普通尿素比缓释尿素效果好。     

不同肥料配比对旱地胡麻产量及品质的影响

大田旱作条件下,研究了氮磷配肥对胡麻产量、品质和农艺性状的影响。结果表明,氮磷配施均能增加胡麻产量,当氮肥用量一定(N 30~60 kg·hm-2)时,增施磷肥(P2O522.5~90 kg·hm-2)能使胡麻籽粒产量较对照增加50.00%~84.23%;当磷肥用量一定(P2O530~120 kg·hm-2)时,增施氮肥同样促进胡麻产量,但低磷高氮肥和高磷高氮肥反而不利于胡麻产量的增加;氮肥效果比磷肥明显,其中以N2P3处理(N 60 kg·hm-2,P2O567.5 kg·hm-2)产量最大,达到1 719.44 kg·hm-2。增施氮肥能够增加胡麻的株高、工艺长度、千粒重、分茎数、主茎分枝数和单株有效果枝数,高磷肥反而不利于胡麻农艺性状的改善。氮磷配施使胡麻棕榈酸含量较对照增加0~5.62%,油酸的含量较对照增加0~4.06%,施用氮肥可增加胡麻的亚油酸和亚麻酸含量,而高磷肥反而降低了亚油酸和亚麻酸含量。     

茂勃艾米乐微生物菌剂在小麦、油菜上的应用

选用满洲里先锋科技开发有限责任公司生产的茂勃艾米乐微生物菌剂,在小麦、油菜生育前期进行喷施。结果表明：每667 m2应用磷酸二氢钾100 g＋液态氮50 g＋麦黄金30 g＋茂勃艾米乐菌剂100 mL喷施小麦后,每667 m2产量237.3 kg,较每667 m2用磷酸二氢钾100 g＋液态氮50 g＋麦黄金30 g处理增产8.6 kg,增产3.8%;用菌剂单独喷施后,每667 m2产量比清水对照高19 kg,增产6.9%。油菜应用该菌剂处理后,产量比清水对照高19 kg,增幅6.9%。小麦应用微生物菌剂与叶面肥混施处理后,穗粒数增加16%,用微生物菌剂单独喷施后,较对照穗粒数增加4.17%。施用该菌剂后,油菜苗期长势旺盛,叶片肥大,有效角果数较对照增加10.67%。该微生物菌剂可在小麦、油菜种植区推广应用。     

氟虫腈(锐劲特)对水稻害虫防治效果及增产效应

为了阐明新一代杀虫剂氟虫腈(锐劲特)对二化螟、三化螟、稻纵卷叶螟的防治效果及应用前景,进行了水稻盆栽试验、田间防效试验,并对施用锐劲特后水稻叶绿素含量、功能叶叶面积和产量进行了测定。结果表明,锐劲特施药后13天接虫的三化螟幼虫死亡率仍高达94.44％。在田间防效试验中,每公顷施用锐劲特80％WG有效成分24g防治二化螟,防止枯心效果达97.62％,防止白穗效果达94.44％,害虫死亡率达96.15％;每公顷施用锐劲特5％SC有效成分22.5g防治晚稻三化螟,保苗效果可达95.91％,害虫死亡率达99.04％;每公顷施用锐劲特5％SC有效成分30g防治稻纵卷叶螟,保叶效果达97.88％。叶绿素含量比对照增加32.4％;每公顷施用锐劲特80％WG有效成分36g时,功能叶叶面积增加16％～27.5％,并且杂交稻博优湛19比常规稻早糯3321和早熟早籼815对锐劲特更敏感。每公顷施用锐劲特5％SC有效成分22.5～37.5g时,水稻株高增加4.0～6.1cm,每稻丛穗数增加2.6％～31.18％,结实率提高19.43％～33.97％,水稻产量增加21.58％～28.19％。     

麦草覆盖条件下施氮水平对旱地梨树生长发育和果实品质的影响

为探明覆草条件下施氮水平对旱地梨树（Pyrus bretschnei deri Rehd.）生长发育和果实品质的影响,设置在全园覆草条件下株施纯氮1 kg（T1）、0.5 kg（T2）、0.25 kg（T3）和不施氮（T4,CK）四种处理,2011年至2012年测定了土壤和叶片养分、树体营养生长和果实产量品质等指标。结果表明,麦草覆盖条件下施氮能显著降低土壤pH值,提高土壤钙、锌含量,明显促进了梨叶片组织结构生长。随着施氮量的增加,梨树新梢生长量、叶面积和百叶重量、叶绿素含量显著提高。不同施氮处理均能提高梨果品产量,T1、T2、T3处理分别比对照提高25.4%、17.0%、11.6%。施氮后梨果实可溶性糖、有机酸含量明显降低,而果实硬度、可溶性固形物、水分含量等品质指标 处理间差异不显著。     

持续盐胁迫对制干辣椒生长的影响

以改良佳线、赤峰板椒、日本金塔三个制干辣椒品种为材料,利用不同浓度的Na HCO3从辣椒现蕾期开始进行持续胁迫处理,定期采样测定其生长与生理指标,以确定持续盐胁迫对制干辣椒生长的影响。研究结果表明:30 mmol·L-1、60 mmol·L-1Na HCO3短期胁迫一定程度上可以促进改良佳线和日本金塔的生长;30 mmol·L-1Na HCO3胁迫可促进改良佳线与日本金塔叶绿素合成,60 mmol·L-1Na HCO3胁迫下,日本金塔与改良佳线叶绿素含量没有明显下降;而在低浓度盐胁迫下赤峰板椒的生长和叶绿素合成已经受到抑制,90 mmol·L-1Na HCO3胁迫下,三种辣椒生长和叶绿素合成均受到抑制;三种辣椒的丙二醛含量和质膜透性均随胁迫浓度的加重和时间的延长表现为上升的趋势,说明盐胁迫越重,胁迫时间越长,质膜受损伤的程度越高,改良佳线与日本金塔的上升幅度要小于赤峰板椒;Na HCO3胁迫下,三种辣椒脯氨酸含量均大于对照,并且叶片内脯氨酸的积累随胁迫强度的增加而增加。与赤峰板椒相比,改良佳线与日本金塔有较强的脯氨酸积累能力。综合分析得出,改良佳线与日本金塔耐盐性良好,赤峰板椒耐盐性弱。     

Dermestid beetles in ‘evolution Canyon’, lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, including new records for Israel

Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr _s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.     

Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops

Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.     

A survey of the genera of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Microgaster</Emphasis> latreille and<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hygroplitis</Emphasis> thomson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China

The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.     

Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies

One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.     

Broad bean mottle virus in Morocco; curculionid vectors,and natural occurrence in food legumes other than faba bean (Vicia faba)

Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.     

Characterization of potato potyvirus Y (PVY) isolates from seed potato batches. Situation of the NTN, Wilga and Z isolates

A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVY^N strain and six to the PVY^O strain. No PVY^C was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVY^O, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Ny_tbr gene and probably represent the PVY^Z group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVY^O and PVY^N and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVY^O, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVY^N-Wilga. Some PVY^N isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVY^NTN group. The PVY^NTN, PVY^N-Wilga and PVY^Z groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVY^N and PVY^O, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.     

The autumn leafroller: Phenology,damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.     

Characterization of Sclerotinia minor populations in Texas peanut fields

In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population.     

Eyespot of Cereals Revisited: ITS phylogeny Reveals New Species Relationships

Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov.     

Tumours of Begonia and some other ornamentals,induced by Corynebacterium fascians

In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten.