栎叶枇杷、大渡河枇杷和普通枇杷遗传关系的形态学分析

本研究对普通枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Linl.)、大渡河枇杷(Eriobotrya prinoides Rehd.& Wils. var. dadunensis H. Z. Zhang)和栎叶枇杷(Eriobotrya prinoides Rehd.& Wils.)的叶、果等性状进行了调查考证,结果表明,大渡河枇杷的各种性状都处于二者之间;不同大渡河枇杷单株的许多性状也有不同程度的分离,有些偏向于栎叶枇杷,有些偏向于普通枇杷,支持大渡河枇杷为栎叶枇杷和普通枇杷种间杂种的结论。     

Isolation and selection of ionophore-tolerant Eimeria precocious lines: E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina

Eimeria parasites were isolated from Nanhai Guangdong province (southern China) and studied in chickens in wire cages to evaluate their drug resistance against commonly used ionophores: monensin (100 mg/kg of feed), lasolacid (90 mg/kg), salinomycin (60 mg/kg), maduramicin (5 mg/kg) and semduramicin (25 mg/kg). Chinese Yellow Broiler Chickens were infected with 40,000 crude sporulated Eimeria oocysts at 15 days of age and prophylactic medication commenced a day prior to infection. Drug resistance was assessed for each ionophore drug by calculating the anticoccidial index (ACI) and percentage optimum anticoccidial activity (POAA) based on relative weight gain, rate of oocyst production and lesion values. Results revealed that Nanhai Eimeria oocysts comprising of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina, were resistant to monensin, sensitive to both salinomycin and lasolacid and partially sensitive to maduramicin and semduramicin. By selection for early development of oocysts during passage through chickens, the prepatent time of E. tenella, E. maxima and E. acervulina were reduced by 49, 36 and 22 h, respectively. The precocious lines are less pathogenic than the parent strains from which they were selected and conferred a satisfactory protection for chickens against coccidiosis. These ionophore-tolerant precocious lines could have wider applications in the development of anticoccidial vaccines for sustainable control of coccidiosis.     

抗猪大肠杆菌卵黄抗体变化规律及在体外对大肠杆菌生长的影响

试验研究抗猪大肠杆菌卵黄抗体变化规律及在体外对大肠杆菌生长和对肠黏膜细胞上粘附的影响。试验选用 30周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡 2 4 0只 ,试验时间 80d。以K88、K99和 987P 3种大肠杆菌混合液为免疫原 ,免疫原中K88、K99和 987P的细菌数分别为 2 .5× 10 9、2 .5× 10 9、2 .5× 10 10 CFU/mL。免疫剂量为 0 .5、1.0、1.5、2 .0mL/只 ,在试验鸡胸腹部肌肉、分多点注射 (每点约 0 .2mL) ,每个免疫剂量免疫健康蛋鸡 5 0只 ,4 0只蛋鸡作对照 ,以个体为单位 ,每天收集鸡蛋 ,4℃保存。在每次免疫 5d后 ,翅静脉采血、分离血清 ,- 2 0℃保存。用盐析法和冷冻干燥法制备抗猪大肠杆菌卵黄抗体粉 ,配制不同蛋白含量的卵黄抗体溶液 ,用体外法研究卵黄抗体对大肠杆菌生长及对肠黏膜细胞粘附的影响。试验结果表明 :最佳免疫剂量为 1.0mL/只 ,卵黄与血清中的抗体水平没有差异 ;在大肠杆菌培养液中 ,添加蛋白含量为 0 .5mg/mL抗猪大肠杆菌卵黄抗体溶液时 ,大肠杆菌的生长受到抑制 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,不同卵黄抗体间没有交叉反应 ;蛋白含量为 0 .2 5mg/mL的抗猪大肠杆菌卵黄抗体溶液对大肠杆菌在肠黏膜细胞上的粘附有抑制作用 (P <0 .0 5 )。     

Selenium and vitamin E deficiency in pigs. II. Influence on plasma selenium, vitamin E, ASAT and ALAT and on tissue selenium.

The effect of dietary selenium (Se) and vitamin E (Vit. E) in pigs on Se and Vit. E in plasma and on Se in tissue from liver, heart, m. long, dorsi and m. psoas major was studied; and furthermore was the influence on the enzymes ASAT and ALAT studied.Two levels of Se were used, 0.03 and 0.06 mg Se per kg feed. Within each Se level 2 levels of Vit. E were used, 15 and 45 i. u. per kg feed. This resulted in 4 groups: 1. low Se and low Vit. E; 2. low Se and high Vit. E; 3. high Se and low Vit. E; 4. high Se and high Vit. E.Ten% of all pigs fed low Se, and 4% of the pigs fed low Se and high Vit. E diet died with severe symptoms of Se deficiency. None of the pigs fed the high Se diet died with such symptoms. Plasma Se determinations have been shown to indicate the Se status in pigs almost as accurately as liver Se determination. ASAT and ALAT enzyme determinations were not of any diagnostic value.There was a good agreement between dietary Vit. E level and the corresponding levels in plasma. Oxidized herring oil seems to enhance the Vit. E need.     

大肠杆菌——误区和误解

我们中的许多人都使用病理学方法来诊断家禽疾病。这样做的目的是以便能就治疗疾病的方法或如何预防疾病侵入鸡舍做出明智的决定。此意图是好的,但担忧的是,通过那些自以为很懂得很多的人（包括兽医）将大量的错误和百无一用的信息灌输给了养殖户。     

Vaccination experiments on pregnant mice with E. coli vaccines prepared from septicaemic and enteropathogenic strains of E. coli

Experiments have been carried out with vaccination of pregnant mice against E. coli, followed by i.p. challenge of the offspring at one week of age.With a septicaemic strain the results were highly significant, and the method is therefore recommendable for testing of vaccines against such strains of E. coli.Results were less clear-cut with enteropathogenic strains of E. coli. However, with mortality rates of 40 to 45 % in baby mice born by non-vaccinated mothers and less than 15 % in baby mice born by vaccinated mothers, the difference in percentage mortality seems sufficient to warrant the use of the method also in the control of vaccines against enteropathogenic E. coli strains.     

鸡柔嫩艾美尔球虫ZJ株3-1E基因的原核表达及鉴定

本实验对E．tenellaZJ株的3-1E基因进行了克隆和表达。根据已报道的柔嫩艾美尔球虫3-1E基因序列设计引物,以孢子化卵囊总RNA为模板,用RT—PCR方法扩增得到一条特异片段,将扩增产物克隆至pUCM—T,转化感受态菌DH5仅,经酶切鉴定获得阳性重组质粒并对其进行测序。测序结果与参考序列比较,核苷酸同源性为99．5％。然后将重组质粒和表达载体pET-30a分别以EcoRⅠ、SalⅠ酶切后构建重组表达载体pET-30a-3—1E,并将其转化入大肠杆菌BL21中,提取质粒经酶切和PCR鉴定正确后,用IPTG诱导表达。表达产物经SDS—PAGE和Westernblot检测显示,3-1E基因在大肠杆菌中成功表达;融合蛋白的分子量约为27ku,诱导6h的蛋白表达量可达到47、024％。     

比格犬人工感染埃立克体病的临床研究

为了表述比格犬感染埃立克体（Ehrlichia)后的临床表现，用已确证为Ｅ．platys和Ｅ．canis混合感染的犬血对５条比格犬进行了人工感染，并对临床和血液学变化进行了观察。埃立克体病的潜伏期为６－２９天，其后的临床表现为急性发热、眼结膜苍白、厌食、精神沉郁、体重严重减轻、腹泻带血、多处有淤血斑点出现、６－４５天内全部死亡。血液学变化显示血红蛋白和白细胞明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１，Ｐ＜０．０５）。由此可见，比格犬对２种埃立克体（Ｅ.canis和Ｅ．platys）混合感染的性很高，严重的临床表现与美国学者普遍认为的亚临床状态相左，这可能是中国Ｇzh981株（Ｅ．platys)和Ｇzh982株（Ｅ．casnis)与国外株在毒力上的差异所致。     

多黏菌素E对鸡源性大肠杆菌和沙门菌的PAE及其机制初探

从发病鸡的粪便中分离出具有多重耐药性的大肠杆菌O18和鸡白痢沙门菌O2,检测多黏菌素E的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和抗生素后效应(PAE),测定多黏菌素E接触过的细菌各组乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和γ-谷氨酰基转移酶(γ-GT)活性变化、电镜观察细胞膜形态、巨噬细胞吞噬细菌数量和细菌对Caco-2的黏附力。多黏菌素E作用后,菌液中LDH和γ-GT活性显著性增高(P0.01),细菌胞膜出现破损或缺失,细菌形态改变,被巨噬细胞吞噬的菌量明显增多(P0.01),细菌对Caco-2的黏附力显著下降(P0.01)。多黏菌素E对鸡源性多重耐药菌株存在PAE,推测其产生机制为破坏细菌细胞膜,改变细菌形态,促进巨噬细胞对细菌的吞噬能力增强,降低细菌对细胞黏附力。     

鸡败血性大肠杆菌病的诊治

鸡败血性大肠杆菌病近年来在我国华北地区流行呈上升趋势，造成的损失也相当严重。该病一年四季均可发生，不同年龄、不同品种鸡均易感染发病。山西省北部地区一起雏鸡暴发败血性大肠杆菌病，通过采用强化免疫接种和药物治疗相结合的方法，使病情迅速得到控制，现报道如下。 1发病情况 　　山西省忻州地区某养鸡场 1999年 11月 4日新购进海兰白蛋雏鸡 8000只， 10月 16日开始陆续拉稀、死亡、至 11月 24日先后有 1240只雏鸡发病，发病数占养鸡总数的 15.5％；死亡 670只，分别占到雏鸡总数和发病总数的 8.38％和 54.03％。确诊后采用大肠杆…     

大肠埃希菌生物被膜研究进展

细菌生物被膜指多个细菌黏附于机体或物体表面,分泌胞外多聚物将其自身包裹其中而形成的结构。研究表明人类许多细菌感染与生物被膜有关,生物被膜具有极高的抗药性和免疫逃逸能力,这也是许多细菌感染难以根除的重要原因之一,近年来已成为医学界关注的热点。大肠埃希菌是最重要的条件致病菌之一,论文从大肠埃希菌生物被膜的形态结构、检测方法、耐药机制、应对策略4个方面综述了大肠埃希菌生物被膜研究的进展。     

大肠杆菌O157和其它产志贺毒素大肠杆菌的毒力因子——粘附素

大肠杆菌O157的致病性已引起全世界公众和微生物学家的关注，而O157的致病因子有很多，本文就大肠杆菌O157可能的粘附素：菌毛、OMP及紧密素在致病中的作用进行综合评价，并对这些因子在其它产志贺毒素大肠杆菌中的出现率及与致病的关系进行分析，以期对大肠杆菌O157的致病机理有一个比较清楚的认识，推动我国对大肠杆菌O157的研究，以填补我国在这方面的相对空白。