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1.
Hironori Katayama Shiho Adachi Toshiya Yamamoto Chiyomi Uematsu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(7):1573-1585
Iwateyamanashi (Pyrus ussuriensis var. aromatica) is one of the Pyrus species which grows wild in Japan. The number of Iwateyamanashi trees has been decreasing, so conservation and evaluation
is urgently needed. Over 500 accessions of Pyrus species collected from Iwate in northern Tohoku region are maintained at Kobe University as an Iwateyamanashi germplasm collection.
In order to investigate the genetic diversity, five SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers, developed from Japanese and European
pear were examined for 86 Pyrus individuals including 58 accessions from Iwate. These SSR loci could discriminate between all the Iwate accessions except
for 10 that bear seedless fruit, as well as determine the genetic diversity in Iwateyamanashi germplasms. High levels of variation
were detected in 41 alleles and the mean observed heterozygosity across 5 loci was 0.50 for the Iwate accessions. Seedless
accessions sharing identical SSR genotype with the local pear variety “Iwatetanenashi” were supposed to have been propagated
vegetatively via grafting. In an UPGMA phenogram, Japanese pear varieties (P. pyrifolia) were clustered into two groups with some Iwate accessions including seedless ones. Another 38 Iwate accessions were not
clustered clearly, and there was no clear relationship between these accessions and geographical distribution or morphological
characters. Allele frequency revealed that the Iwate accessions were genetically more divergent than the Japanese pear varieties.
Most Japanese pears possessed a 219 bp deletion at a spacer region between the accD and psaI genes in the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA), but other Pyrus species and two Iwateyamanashi trees did not. In the Iwate accessions, 79.3% had a deletion type cpDNA and others had a standard
type cpDNA without deletion. These results are indicative of the wide range of genetic diversity in the Iwate accessions which
include Japanese pear varieties. A combination of SSR and cpDNA analyses revealed high heterogeneity in Iwateyamanashi and
coexistence of Iwateyamanashi and hybrid progeny with P. pyrifolia. These could be reasons for the wide range of continuous morphological variation described previously. 相似文献
2.
Luming Tian Yuan Gao Yufen Cao Fengzhi Liu Jun Yang 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(3):317-326
109 Pyrus accessions including 92 local Chinese accessions of P. bretschneideri were identified genetically using nine microsatellite loci developed from apple and pear. The nine SSR loci revealed 129
alleles in 109 pear accessions and 114 alleles in 92 Chinese white pears. Among the 92 local Chinese accessions of P. bretschneideri, 70 could be differentiated successfully except for 10 sets of synonymous or mutants. For the 92 accessions, the number of
putative alleles per locus ranged from seven to 18, with an average of 12.67; the average values of observed heterozygosity
and Shannon’s Information index were 0.60 and 1.85, respectively. A phenogram based on the SSR (simple sequence repeat) genotypes
was obtained. The 109 accessions clustered into 11 groups based on geographical origin. The European pears and the Asian pears
did not form independent two groups, but three P. communis cultivars grouped together independently. The Japanese P. pyrifolia cultivars mingled together with the Chinese P. bretschneideri cultivars, but four P. ussuriensis cultivars except for one (Jianbali) grouped together independently. The results indicated that the relationship of P. bretschneideri cultivars and P.
pyrifolia cultivars was much closer than others. 相似文献
3.
Lu Bao Kunsong Chen Dong Zhang Yufen Cao Toshiya Yamamoto Yuanwen Teng 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):959-971
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess genetic diversity and relationship of Pyrus L. cultivars native mainly to East Asia. A total of 168 putative alleles were generated from six primer-pairs (BGA35, KU10,
BGT23b, NH004a, NH011b and NH015a). All the SSR markers showed a high level of genetic polymorphism with a mean of 28 putative
alleles per locus and the heterozygosity of 0.63. The Dice’s similarity coefficient between cultivars ranged from 0.02 to
0.98 and Occidental pears generally had low affinities to Asian pears. Ten major groups were generated from all the accessions
by UPGMA clusters analysis. Chinese sand pears consisted of four groups with Chinese white pears and Japanese pears, of which
Chinese sand pears occurred in all four groups, presenting a large genetic diversity, Chinese white pears were included in
three groups, and Japanese pears only fell into one group. In the dendrogram, Chinese sand pears and Chinese white pears did
not form discrete group, even subgroups. Some Japanese pear cultivars had high affinities to Chinese sand pear cultivars.
These findings supports the authors’ previous viewpoints of Chinese white pears as a variety or an ecotype of Chinese sand
pears (P. pyrifolia var. sinensis (Lindley) Y. Teng et K. Tanabe) and the progenitor of Japanese pears coming from China. Cultivars of P. ussuriensis Maxim. were clustered together with one clone of P. hondoensis Nakai et Kikuchi, a relative species of P. ussuriensis. Cultivars of P. communis L. and other Occidental species formed three independent groups and were distant from most Asian pears, except for P. betulaefolia Bge. 相似文献
4.
Pear (Pyrus Species) Genetic Resources in Iwate, Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Iwateyamanashi (Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim. var. aromatica (Nakai et Kikuchi) Rehd.) is one of the Pyrus species grown wild in Japan. The origin of the Japanese pear (P. pyrifolia) is uncertain but it has been suggested that Iwateyamanashi is the possible progenitor of the modern Japanese cultivar. During
the last few decades, the number of Iwateyamanashi trees has been decreasing and therefore, conservation is urgently needed.
After 13 explorations in the northern Tohoku region of Japan, 615 pear trees and 30 local names were recognized mainly in
Iwate Prefecture. The center of the distribution seemed to be somewhere around Mt. Hayachine to the northern area of Kitakami
highlands (from lat. 39 °20′ to 40 °10′N, and from long. 141 °20′ to 141 °50′E). Four morphological characters concerning
fruit shape, measured for 85 trees, showed a wide range of continuous variation. For the skin colour of fruit, 51% of trees
bore russet type fruits, 22% smooth and 27% intermediate ones. Most of the fruits had five loculi but Sanenashi fruits (seedless
pear), one of the old cultivars, had three, and fruits of another two trees had four. More than 80% of trees tended to produce
fruits with a calyx but some trees bore fruits without a calyx. These observations indicate a wide range of genetic diversity
in Pyrus species which is caused, not only by high heterogeneity in Iwateyamanashi itself, but also by the coexistence of Iwateyamanashi,
P. pyrifolia (Burm.) Nakai and hybrid progeny in this area. Already 250 trees have been conserved as genetic resources by grafting at
Kobe University. 相似文献
5.
Eight genomic SSR markers with a M13 tail attached were used to assess the genetic diversity of 72 Ussurian Pear accessions
(Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim.) in China. The M13-tailed method was effective in discriminating all the 32 wild accessions. All the 40 Ussurian Pear
cultivars could be successfully discriminated with the exception of 4 sets of synonymies or spots. A total of 108 alleles
were obtained with an average of 13.5 per locus. The expected heterozygosity, observed heterozygosity, and power of discrimination
were 0.78, 0.63, and 0.86 respectively. Three triploid cultivars (‘Anli’, ‘Ruan’er’, and ‘Pitaiguo’), and one wild accession,
P. ussuriensis ‘Xilin-3’, showed three alleles at some SSRs. The number of alleles and observed heterozygosity per locus for 40 Ussurian
Pear cultivars were 9.1 and 0.62, respectively, lower than the values of 32 wild accessions which were 11.3 and 0.65, respectively.
A dendrogram based on the SSR genotypes was obtained, showing two major groups corresponding to cultivated group and wild
group. All the cultivars fell into the cultivated group. Some subgroups (Nanguoli subgroup, Zhibazi subgroup, Xiangshuili
subgroup, Balixiang subgroup, Anli subgroup) could be found in the cultivated group. A very close relationship between ‘Huagaili’
and ‘Miansuan’, and a close relationship between ‘Anli’ and a wild accession, P. ussuriensis ‘Huangshanli’ could be found in Anli subgroup. ‘Nanguoli’ and ‘Xiaowuxiang’ showed a close relationship with at least one
identical allele at each locus with the exception of NH015a. 相似文献
6.
M. Costea D. M. Brenner F. J. Tardif Y. F. Tan M. Sun 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(8):1625-1633
The ‘Morelos’ accessions of Amaranthus from Mexico demonstrate taxonomic ambiguity at the basic morphologic level. The main cause is the enormous morphological
and genetic variation exhibited by the species in the genus. Although basic morphological criteria can be applied to herbarium
specimens or germplasm collections for quick taxonomic identification, the morphological data alone can be misleading. To
ascertain the taxonomic identity of the ‘Morelos’ accessions and their hypothesized species affiliation to Amaranthus caudatus or Amaranthus cruentus, we conducted a comparative analysis of phylogenetic relationships among these taxa/accessions using amplified fragment length
polymorphism (AFLP) and micromorphology methods. Based on AFLP data, all the controversial ‘Morelos’ accessions can be consistently
placed into a single A. cruentus species clade, which is clearly separated from the A. caudatus species clade. The AFLP-based phylogenetic relationship of ‘Morelos’ and delimitation of A. cruentus and A. caudatus are further supported by micromorphology, showing that the combination of these techniques can provide more reliable data
for germplasm identification than each method used alone. 相似文献
7.
Gert Poulsen Claus Holten Roland von Bothmer 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(5):1105-1115
Dead seeds of a fodder beet cultivar ‘Elvetham’ stored under ambient conditions since 1880 were compared to a homonymous sample
preserved in an on-farm situation in Denmark. DNA was isolated from single seeds and successfully applied to Amplified Fragment
Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of the accessions. Six primer pairs were used to determine the similarity between the
two accessions based on 112 polymorphic bands. Furthermore, similarity among seven cultivars of fodder beets representing
the main types used in Scandinavia at the end of the 19th century was determined. This analysis was based on 152 polymorphic
bands. Differentiation among the seven cultivars was determined to a mean G
ST value of 0.438, while G
ST between the two ‘Elvetham’ accessions was 0.266. A principal coordinate analysis based on jaccards similarity index illustrates
that the two ‘Elvetham’ accessions are different from each other. The differentiation is higher than the value found between
two separate ‘Eckerndorfer’ accessions. The results indicate that the cultivated accession has changed. Additionally, the
value of applying old dead seed material for documentation in gene banks is demonstrated.
During the analysis it was found that DNA isolated from seeds and leaves behaved differently in the AFLP process, however,
the two fractions assigned to their common accession. 相似文献
8.
Eighty-nine accessions of wild and cultivated peas (12 Pisum fulvum Sibth. et Smith., 7 P. abyssinicum A. Br., 31 wild and 42 cultivated forms of P. sativum L.) were analysed for presence of the variants of three functionally unrelated polymorphic markers referring to different
cellular genomes. The plastid gene rbcL either contains or not the recognition site for restriction endonuclease AspLEI (rbcL+ vs. rbcL−); the mitochondrial gene cox1 either contains or not the recognition site for restriction endonuclease PsiI (cox1+ vs. cox1−); the nuclear encoded seed albumin SCA is represented by slow (SCAS) or fast (SCAF) variant. Most of the accessions possessed either of two marker combinations: 24 had SCAF
cox1+ rbcL+ (combination A) and 49 accessions had SCAS
cox1− rbcL− (combination B), 16 accessions represented 5 of the rest 6 possible combinations. All accessions of P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum had combination A, the overwhelming majority of cultivated forms of P. sativum had combination B while wild representatives of P. sativum had both combinations A and B, as well as rare combinations. This pattern indicates that combination A is the ancestral state
in the genus Pisum L., inherited by P. fulvum and P. abyssinicum, while combination B seems to have arisen in some lineage of wild P. sativum which rapidly fixed mutational transitions of the three markers studied, most probably via a bottleneck effect during the
Pleistocene. Then this ‘lineage B’ spread over Mediterranean and also gave rise to cultivated forms of P. sativum. Rare combinations may have resulted from occasional crosses between ‘lineage A’ and ‘lineage B’ in nature or during cultivation,
or represent intermediate evolutionary lineages. The latter explanation seems relevant for an Egyptian cultivated form ‘Pisum jomardii Schrank’ (SCAF
cox1− rbcL−) which is here given a subspecies rank. Wild representatives of P. sativum could be subdivided in two subspecies corresponding to ‘lineage A’ and ‘lineage B’ but all available subspecies names seem
to belong to lineage B only. Presently all wild forms would better be considered within a fuzzy paraphyletic subspecies P. sativum subsp. elatius (Bieb.) Schmalh. s. l. 相似文献
9.
Plant breeders are interested in strawberry species as donors of volatile compounds in breeding programmes because of the
diversity and intensity of wild strawberry aroma. Therefore, the topic of this paper is the prospective analysis of four accessions
of four wild strawberry accessions in comparison to a standard cultivar of Fragaria × ananassa Duch. by using human sensory, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GCO). The
wild species have higher aroma intensities compared with the cultivated one. The flavour quality differs significantly. Semiquantitative
GC analysis revealed that F. × ananassa cv. ‘Elsanta’ has the lowest content of volatile compounds whereas Fragaria moschata L. ‘Cotta’ has the highest. The aroma impressions, measured by GCO, support the findings of GCMS analyses. The nasal impact
frequency (NIF)-profiles of the wild types are more manifold and of higher intensities than those of the cultivated F. × ananassa cv. ‘Elsanta’ which corresponds with the overall flavour impression when tasting the fresh fruits. 相似文献
10.
Comparative analysis of organelle DNAs in acid citrus grown in Japan using PCR-RFLP method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Asad Asadi Abkenar Shiro Isshiki Ryoji Matsumoto Yosuke Tashiro 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):487-492
PCR-RFLP analyses of three regions for each of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA; rbcL-ORF106, trnD-trnT, trnH-trnK) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA; nad7/exon2-exon3, nad7/exon3-exon4, 18S-5S) were performed in 26 cultivars of acid citrus grown in Japan to identify polymorphisms and classify them. The polymorphisms
were compared with those of three true Citrus species, i.e., mandarin, pummelo and citron. Ichang papeda (C. ichangensis) was also included in this study to find its relationship with Yuzu. Inter-species cpDNA variation was recognized and the
acid citrus were divided into three groups, namely; I (‘Yuzukichi’ and ‘Kinkoyu’), II [sour oranges (‘Kaiseito’, ‘Daidai’
and ‘China daidai’), ‘Nansho daidai’, ‘Kiku daidai’, C. sudachi (‘Mushi yukaku’, ‘Yushi yukaku’ and ‘Yushi mukaku’), C. sphaerocarpa (‘Kabosu’ and ‘Aka kabosu’), C. kizu (‘Taninaka kizu’, ‘Kinosu’ and ‘Kizu’), ‘Zanbo’, ‘Mochiyu’, ‘Jabara’ and ‘Naoshichi’], and III [Yuzu (‘Tetraploid’, ‘Tochikei
yuzu’ and ‘Yamanekei yuzu’), ‘Matsuda sudachi’, ‘Zuishoyu’, ‘Hanayu’ and ‘Yuko’]. CpDNA restriction patterns of the three
true Citrus species differed from each other as well as from those of ichang papeda. CpDNA restriction patterns of group I of the acid
citrus were identical to those of mandarins. Group II showed the same as pummelos. CpDNA restriction patterns of group III
were differed from those of the three true Citrus species in the three regions. This group was differed from ichang papeda after digestion of trnH-trnK PCR products with TaqI, HinfI and AluI, while they showed identical restriction patterns in two regions, rbcL-ORF106 and trnD-trnT. Citrons and ichang papeda were placed in groups IV and V, respectively. Based on mtDNA restriction patterns, the acid citrus
were divided into three groups; i, ii and iii. In groups i and ii accessions of groups I and II of cpDNA were placed with
mandarins and pummelos, respectively. In group iii accessions of group III of cpDNA were placed with ichang papeda. Citrons
were placed in a distinct group, iv. 相似文献
11.
Forty-seven samples of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) collected from eight locations in Egypt were studied using four sets of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
markers with near infrared fluorescence labeled primers. These samples belonged to 21 named accessions and 9 of unknown pedigrees.
A total of 350 bands were scored and 233 (66.6%) were polymorphic. Twenty-seven Egyptian accessions and ‘Medjool’and ‘Deglet
Noor’accessions from California could beclassified into the major cluster. This major cluster may represent a major group
of date palm germplasm in North Africa. There were four other clusters, each containing one or two accessions. The variety
‘Halawy’and one accession of unknown provenance were most likely from hybridization between two clusters. Six groups of accessions
of which had the same names, revealed similar but not identical AFLP profiles suggesting these accessions might derive from
seedlings rather thanthrough clonal offshoot propagation. 相似文献
12.
Milene Silvestrini Michele G. Junqueira Andréa C. Favarin Oliveiro Guerreiro-Filho Mirian P. Maluf Maria B. Silvarolla Carlos A. Colombo 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1367-1379
Genetic diversity among 115 coffee accessions from the Coffea Germplasm Collection of IAC was assessed using SSR markers. The germplasm represents 73 accessions of Coffea arabica derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants in Ethiopia and Eritrea, species center of origin and diversity, 13 commercial
cultivars of C. arabica developed by the Breeding Program of IAC, 1 accession of C. arabica cv. ‘Geisha’, 13 accessions of C. arabica from Yemen, 5 accessions of C. eugenioides, 4 accessions of C. racemosa and 6 accessions of C. canephora. Genetic analysis was performed using average number of alleles per locus (A), proportion of polymorphic loci (P), Shannon’s genetic index (H′ and G′ST) and clustering analysis. All evaluated species were distinguished by a cluster analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient.
Differentiation between the cultivated plants of C. arabica and accessions derived from spontaneous and subspontaneous plants was observed. Spontaneous and subspontaneous accessions
from Ethiopia were separated according to the geographical origin: east and west of the Great Rift Valley. Cultivated plants
showed a low genetic diversity with a division in two groups: accessions from Yemen (H′=0,028) and Brazilian commercial cultivars (H′=0,030). The results agreed with previously reported narrow genetic basis of cultivated plants of C. arabica and supported the hypotheses about domestication of the species. This study also showed a significant genetic diversity among
accessions from Ethiopia and Eritrea present in the Germplasm Collection of IAC. This diversity is specially observed in accessions
from Sidamo (H′=0,143), Kaffa (H′=0,142) and Illubabor (H′=0,147) indicating their importance as source of genetic variability for coffee breeding programs. 相似文献
13.
Giuseppina Logozzo Rosa Donnoli Leonardo Macaluso Roberto Papa Helmut Knüpffer Pierluigi Spagnoletti Zeuli 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(8):1763-1779
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) was introduced in Europe from both Mesoamerican and Andean centres of origin. In this study, a collection including 544
accessions from all European regions showed that the Andean phaseolin types ‘T’ (45.6%) and ‘C’ (30.7%) prevailed over the
Mesoamerican ones ‘S’ (23.7%), and accessions with cuboid seed shape (34.9%), maroon coat darker colour seed (44.3%), uniform
seed colour (69.6%) were the most frequent. European accessions with phaseolin ‘S’ showed a significantly larger average seed
size compared to those from America in the same phaseolin class while those presenting ‘T’ and ‘C’ phaseolin did not. This
suggests that, during crop expansion in Europe, sampling or selection favoured the large-seeded races within the Mesoamerican
‘S’ gene pool or, possibly, introgression from Andean germplasm did occur. A core collection was developed using sampling
approaches based on the information available in the genebank databases and on phaseolin patterns. Four sampling strategies
were used: simple random sampling, and three random-stratified samplings, by logarithm of frequency of accessions by country,
by European region, and by phaseolin pattern, respectively. Two sampling strategies resulted in core collections significantly
different for phaseolin electrophoretic patterns from the whole collection. Stratification by phaseolin patterns increased
the frequency of ‘S’ types (‘C’ type = 33%, ‘T’ type = 5.7% and ‘S’ type = 31.3%). The core collections were validated using
seven seed characters, and no significant difference was observed in all strategies. This first developed European bean core
collection will help to assess the contribution of the two American gene pools to the European germplasm and their relative
importance for breeding purposes. 相似文献
14.
Nora Scarcelli Serge Tostain Cédric Mariac Clément Agbangla Ogoubi Da Julien Berthaud Jean-Louis Pham 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):121-130
‘Domestication’ is a traditional farmers’ practice reported for yams (Dioscorea sp.) in Benin (West Africa). It involves introducing ‘spontaneous’ (naturally occurring) yams, supposedly wild (D. abyssinica and D. praehensilis), in varieties of the D. cayenensis–D. rotundata cultivated species complex. In this study, we established the genetic nature of ‘predomesticated’ yam plants using the amplified
fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique. A total of 213 accessions, consisting of 32 predomesticated yams, 70 D. cayenensis–D. rotundata, 86 D. abyssinica and 25 D. praehensilis yams were analysed. Using 91 AFLP markers, three groups of accessions were distinguished, broadly corresponding to the above
botanical species. Of the 32 predomesticated accessions, 16% were clustered with D. praehensilis, 37% with D. abyssinica and the remaining 47% with D. cayenensis–D. rotundata. These results demonstrated the use of wild plants by farmers in their domestication process, and suggested that plants derived
from intervarietal and interspecific hybridisation may also be subject to this process. This study has shown that through
domestication farmers influence and increase the genetic diversity in yam by using sexual reproduction of wild and possibly
cultivated yams. 相似文献
15.
The genus Arachis is divided into nine taxonomic sections. Section Arachis is composed of annual and perennial species, while section Heteranthae has only annual species. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships among 15 Brazilian annual
accessions from Arachis and Heteranthae using RAPD markers. Twenty-seven primers were tested, of which nine produced unique fingerprintings for all the accessions
studied. A total of 88 polymorphic fragments were scored and the number of fragments per primer varied from 6 to 17 with a
mean of 9.8. Two specific markers were identified for species with 2n = 18 chromosomes. The phenogram derived from the RAPD data corroborated the morphological classification. The bootstrap analysis
divided the genotypes into two significant clusters. The first cluster contained all the section Arachis species, and the accessions within it were grouped based upon the presence or absence of the ‘A’ pair and the number of chromosomes.
The second cluster grouped all accessions belonging to section Heteranthae. 相似文献
16.
Cengiz Toker 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(1):7-12
Two distinct chickpeas of the domestic chickpea, C. arietinum L., exist and are referred to as ‘desi’ or microsperma and ‘kabuli’ or macrosperma. Cicer reticulatum Ladiz. is considered to be the wild progenitor of the domestic chickpea. However, the morphological variation in 18 original
accessions of C. reticulatum is narrower than those of the domestic chickpeas. The aim of the study is to increase the variability in C. reticulatum. In M2 generation, a mutant with white flower color was isolated despite of the fact that the parent has the pink flower. Although
seed coat color of the parent was dark brown, the mutant was cream like ‘kabuli’ chickpea. It is commonly accepted that the
large seeded domestic ‘kabuli’ chickpeas originated from the small seeded ‘desi’ chickpeas, but the induced mutants (white
flower and cream seed coat color) of C. reticulatum may suggest an additional path for the evolution of ‘kabuli’ chickpea. ‘Kabuli’ chickpeas could have originated from spontaneous
mutants of C. reticulatum. In M3 generation, multipinnate leaf, erect growth habit, green seed and double-podded chickpeas were isolated. Among these progenies,
morphologic variability increased and approached domesticated chickpea. Based on historical records and the induced mutants
obtained from this study, the domestic ‘kabuli’ chickpea could have directly emerged from C. reticulatum in ancient Eastern Turkey. 相似文献
17.
Nahla V. Bassil B. Gilmore J. M. Oliphant K. E. Hummer J. A. Henning 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):959-969
Eight genic SSR loci were evaluated for genetic diversity assessment and genotype identification in Humulus lupulus L. from Europe and North America. Genetic diversity, as measured by three diversity indices, was significantly lower in European
cultivars than in North American wild accessions. Neighbor Joining cluster analysis separated the hop genotypes into European
and North American groups. These eight SSRs were useful in uniquely identifying each accession with the exception of two sets
of European landraces and a pair of Japanese cultivars, ‘Shinshuwase’ and ‘Kirin II’. An accession from Manitoba grouped with
the European (EU) cluster reflecting the group’s genetic similarity to older Manitoba germplasm used to develop ‘Brewer's
Gold’ and the gene pool arising from this cultivar. Cultivars grouped closely with one of their immediate parents. ‘Perle’
grouped with its parent ‘Northern Brewer and ‘Willamette’ grouped with its parent ‘Fuggle H’. Wild American accessions were
divided into two subgroups: a North Central group containing mostly H. lupulus var. lupuloides and a Southwestern group containing H. lupulus var. neomexicanus accessions. These eight SSRs will be valuable for genotype identification in European and wild American germplasm and may
potentially prove useful for marker-assisted selection in hop. PCR products from four previously reported primer pairs that
amplify the same intronic SSR regions as do the genic SSRs in this study were compared in eight common cultivars. Different
primer pairs generated robust markers at the chs2 and chi loci. However, only the HLC-004B and HLC-006 primer pairs amplified successfully at the chs3 and chs4 loci.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
18.
Portuguese wheat landraces, ‘Arrancada’ were collected from the Aveiro region, Portugal before the 1950s. We found in eight
accessions of `Arrancada' hexaploid wheat with the long glume phenotype. We assessed the comparative genetic diversity among
Portuguese `Arrancada' wheat and Triticum petropavlovskyi Udacz. et Migusch. using AFLP assays and discuss the origin of long glumed `Arrancada' wheat. With the four primer pairs
a total of 4885 visible bands were scored corresponding to 99 AFLP markers as putative loci, of which 55 markers (54%) were
polymorphic. UPGMA clustering and PCO grouping showed that long glumed ‘Arrancada’ wheat and T. petropavlovskyi were genetically diverse. Long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat separated into two clusters (groups) in both the UPGMA
dendrogram and in PCO analysis. Four long glumed accessions fell in the cluster of tetraploid wheat. A similar argument could
be made for another four accessions which belong to the cluster of hexaploid wheat. The substantial level of genetic variation
indicated that long glumed ‘Arrancada’ wheat and T. petropavlovskyi originated independently. It is most likely that the P-gene of long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat was introduced from T. turgidum ssp. polonicum (L.) Thell. to T. aestivum via natural introgression or breeding. We suggest that the long glumed ‘Arrancada’ hexaploid wheat did not originate from
T. aestivum through spontaneous mutation at the P locus 相似文献
19.
Hoy-Taek Kim Yutaka Hirata Hyun-Jung Kim Ill-Sup Nou 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1375-1383
A PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification method using newly designed S-RNase primers was carried out in five Korean-bred
pear cultivars and ten Japanese-bred pear cultivars. A new S-RNase allele, designated as S10, was discovered from ‘Chengsilri’, containing a 1513 bp and two exons (213 bp in total) that coded for a peptide of 71 amino
acids. The S10-RNase allele contained the three conserved cysteine residues peculiar to S-RNase in Japanese pear and one histidine residue
essential for RNase activity. We compared nucleotide sequence similarity of the exon regions of ten pear S-RNase alleles.
The nucleotide sequence of S1 showed a high similarity to S4 (97.4%) and the new S10 shows 77.8% (S5) to 84.4% (S4) similarity with the other pear S-RNase alleles. S10 had a unique restriction endonuclease site for ‘HhaI’, with digests yielding fragments of 1235 and 491 bp. The S-genotype of pear cultivar (‘Chengsilri’) was determined to be
S5S10 by PCR–RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism). Cluster analysis of 49 known S-RNase alleles of the Rosaceae separated
into two divergent groups are as follows: group I: pear and apple, group II: almond, sweet cherry and mume. 相似文献
20.
Fabio Gresta Giovanni Avola Emidio Albertini Lorenzo Raggi Valerio Abbate 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(4):523-531
In this paper molecular analysis, physical, technological, and chemical traits were used to estimate the level of variation
on five accessions of a locally adapted Sicilian faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landrace named ‘Larga di Leonforte’. DNA analysis was performed using the Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
molecular marker class and two other faba beans (cv. ‘Aguadulce Samba’—Spain—and landrace ‘Locale di Modica’—Sicily) were
used as controls. Although the accessions of ‘Larga di Leonforte’ varied significantly for most of the agronomical and physical
traits, this landrace generally had a heavy seed weight, short but large pods, and no more than two seeds per pod. This last
characteristic allowed for erect pod angle attitude at maturity. Idratation data showed difference among accessions in seed
weight at full hydration and in absorption rate at the very beginning of the hydration process, while any difference among
accessions emerged in terms of cooking properties. The six AFLP Eco+3/Mse+3 different primer combinations applied in this
research revealed different levels of polymorphism among the faba bean accessions and a total number of 346 amplicons were
generated. Around 60% of amplicons displayed a polymorphic pattern among different accessions. Cluster analysis on morphological,
technological, chemical and molecular data placed the all five ‘Larga di Leonforte’ accessions into a separated group, and
the Sicilian material shares a fairly large amount of similarity with respect to the cultivar ‘Aguadulce Samba’ selected in
Spain. 相似文献