成龄低产梨园改造丰产栽培技术

2014~2016年对成龄低产梨园进行了改造,通过改造,树形良好,果品质量提高,经济效益得到了大幅度的提升,为驻马店地区更进一步地改造低产梨园,提高单位面积产量,增加果农经济收入,提供技术借鉴。     

不同修剪期对广西凤梨释迦冬期果生产的影响

为研究与探讨凤梨释迦在广西最佳产期调节的促花修剪时间,以15年生凤梨释迦植株为试材,分别于2015年和2016年的6,7,8,9,10月进行修剪处理,调查与统计各处理的成花与着果情况。结果表明,不同修剪处理时间凤梨释迦反季生产的成花与着果情况有差异,从成花率、着果率、裂果率、果实农艺性状和果实品质等综合考虑,7月开展促花修剪的综合表现要优于其他月份,是广西凤梨释迦冬期果生产的最佳催花修剪时期。     

番荔枝的产期调节技术研究

研究樟林番荔枝、AP番荔枝和释迦番荔枝3个品种的产期调节技术,试验结果表明产期调节技术能使樟林番荔枝的产期延至12月,使AP番荔枝和释迦番荔枝的产期延至翌年3月。     

凤梨释迦冬期果在广西的表现及其产期调控栽培技术

通过生产实践研究,并结合广西气候特点及凤梨释迦的品种特性,从适宜栽培环境与开花习性、冬期果性状表现、耐寒砧木选择、花期调控、夏季修剪、授粉作业、疏果作业、培肥管理、果实套袋、果实采收和病虫害防治等方面总结出广西凤梨释迦产期调控栽培关键技术。     

台湾凤梨‘释迦’引种表现及主要栽培技术

通过试验研究台湾凤梨‘释迦’的植物学特性、生长结果特性、修剪促花、增施EM效果、适时套袋等引种表现,并从育苗、定植、肥水管理、整形修剪及产期调节、花果管理、病虫防治等方面总结其主要栽培技术。     

凤梨释迦低温寒(冻)害指标初探

通过3年地理移植试验,调查了近7年的低温资料和凤梨释迦寒(冻)害资料,统计分析不同区域凤梨释迦冻害等级与极端最低气温资料。结果表明,凤梨释迦寒(冻)害等级与极端最低气温之间有显著负相关关系,初步确定凤梨释迦果树的无、轻、中、重寒(冻)害对应的极端最低气温分别为5.5℃、0.3~5.5℃、-2.2~0.3℃、-2.2℃。     

脐橙低产园改造技术及应用

文章介绍了脐橙低产园的改造技术,主要从加大对脐橙黄龙病的防控、培育丰产树形、科学的水肥管理和及时做好病虫预防、统防等方面做好技术改造。该技术为平远县脐橙低产园的改造提供了一个借鉴,值得各果农参考。     

早酥梨低产梨园改造丰产栽培技术

2011~2015年对早酥梨低产梨园进行了技术改造,改造后的早酥梨园,产量明显提高,而且品质优,病虫害较少,该项技术为低产早酥梨园提高果品质量和产量,增加果农收入,提供科学依据。     

郁闭苹果园的树形改造技术

郁闭果园由于栽植密度大、树上管理技术与之不配套 ,随着树龄的增长 ,造成果园郁闭、冠内枝多密集、结果部位外移、通风透光不良、病虫害严重等问题 ,从而导致适龄树不结果、单株产量低、果品质量差等严重后果 ,成为果树管理上的一大弊端。为解决该难题 ,我们在试验的基础上 ,总结了一套郁闭果园树形改造技术。利用此项技术 ,可对相关果园进行有效地改造 ,提高果品质量和经济效益。1　合理选择丰产树形　根据栽植密度和树龄大小 ,合理选择相应的丰产树形 ,如表 1。表 1　栽植密度与树形选择树龄 /年栽植密度选择树形5～ 93m× 4m细长纺锤形4…     

‘凤梨释迦’果实分级标准研究

通过测定‘凤梨释迦’的单果重、果形相关因子和可溶性固形物含量,并对各指标进行主成分分析和聚类分析,旨在为‘凤梨释迦’果实分级提供参考。结果表明:‘凤梨释迦’果实偏斜度变异系数最大,大果面厚变异系数最小;各果形指标间及其与果实品质的关系密切,其中可溶性固形物含量与单果重呈极显著正相关,与偏斜度呈极显著负相关;主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明‘凤梨释迦’果实分级标准决定因子应以代表果实大小的单果重等指标为主,以代表果实形态的果形指数和代表偏斜度的偏斜指数为辅助因子。     

Identification of S-haplotypes of European cultivars of sour cherry

The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S₁, S_1?, S₄, S₆, S_6m, S_6m2, S₉, S₁₂, S₁₃, S_13?, S₂₆, S₃₅, S_36a, S_36b, and S_36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S_13? (61.9%), S_36a (57.1%), and S₂₆ (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses.     

化学药剂对香椿休眠解除的影响及其机理

 采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计, 探索6-BA、GA₃ 、(NH₂) ₂CS、ZnSO₄ 、KNO₃ 对香椿休眠解除的影响, 5 种化学药剂解除休眠的作用依次为ZnSO4 > (NH₂) ₂CS > GA₃ > 6-BA > KNO₃ 。打破香椿休眠的最佳药剂组合是: 6-BA 20 mg/L + GA₃ 180 mg/L + (NH₂) ₂CS 1 % + ZnSO4 0.5 % + KNO₃ 2 %。用上述药剂处理可以使香椿提早23 d 萌芽。     

Ozone forming potential of tropical plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state of India

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted by many plants. In this study, sixty common plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India were examined for VOC (isoprene and monoterpene) emissions. Plant species VOC emission rates ranged from undetectable to 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited a maximum VOC emission rate of 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Ozone forming potentials (OFP) of the sixty plant species were also estimated using the method of Benjamin and Winer (1998). Maximum ozone forming potential of 77 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1 was observed in the case of Mangifera indica. Out of 60 species, 26 species (43.3%) had low OFP (less than 1 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1), 18 species (30%) had medium OFP (less than 1–10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1) and 16 species (26.7%) had high OFP (more than 10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1).     

京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析

 根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S₂₁ S₂₈ , ‘苹果梨’为S₁₇S₁₉ ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S₁₁ S₂₂ ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为S_a S_b; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S₁₆ S₃₀ , ‘早梨18’为S₄ S₂₈。其中S₂₈和S₃₀为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。     

The effect of organic supplementation of solarized soil on the quality of tomato fruit

Soil solarization, used to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens in hot climates, has not yet been widely adapted as a commercial practice because of its lack of efficacy. Experiments were carried out in southern Italy over two growing seasons to study the effect of three levels (0, 0.35 and 0.7 kg m⁻²) of organic supplementation of the soil prior to solarization on soil mineral availability and fruit quality attributes. Soil temperature and chemical properties were monitored, together with changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of tomato fruits grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9 to 5.5 °C. Organic supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the soil concentration of NO₃⁻-N, exchangeable K₂O, Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the level of electrical conductivity in the soil extract. Physical characteristics of tomato fruits were improved by supplementation, with fresh and dry weight enhanced up to 11 and 21%, respectively, mesocarp thickness up to 19%, firmness up to 36% and skin redness (a^*/b^* ratio) up to 24%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.7 kg m⁻², the fruit content of reducing sugars increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 1.75 to 2.14 g per 100 g f.w., ash from 0.49 to 0.62%, soluble solid from 5.12 to 6.18 °Brix, titratable acidity from 0.16 to 0.19%, and ascorbic acid from 25.1 to 32.5 mg 100 mL⁻¹. We concluded that organic supplementation appears to be a valuable and environmentally friendly way to improve the mineral availability in the soil and improve fruit quality of tomato.     

金嘴蝎尾蕉切花苞片褐变的控制

 研究了金嘴蝎尾蕉切花最佳采收时期和对其苞片褐变具有良好控制效果的预处理保鲜液及瓶插方法。结果表明: 金嘴蝎尾蕉以中蕾期采收最佳; 整个花枝水平放置, 完全浸泡于500 mg·L ^{- 1} H₃BO₄或500 mg·L ^{- 1} MgSO₄中1 h后, 结合2 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA + 200 mg·L ^{- 1} Al₂ ( SO₄ ) 3瓶插保鲜及0.1%聚乙烯醇喷洒花枝, 可显著控制苞片褐变, 保持组织较低水平pH值, 减缓膜透性的上升。其瓶插寿命分别达12 d和11.5 d, 显著高于对照的4 d。     

Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony

A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future.     

DNA profiling of Capsicum landraces of Manipur

Seven chilli landraces of Manipur belonging to three cultivated species of Capsicum (Capsicum annuum, Capsicum frutescens, and Capsicum chinense) form economically important food crops of the region. The genotypes were characterized using ten random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The cluster analysis based on Jaccard's similarity coefficient calculated by UPGMA method differentiated the genotypes into two main cluster groups. One cluster represented the C. annuum genotypes while the other cluster represented the C. frutescens and the C. chinense genotypes. C. chinense genotypes were more close to C. frutescens genotypes. Genetic variation between the C. frutescens genotypes was more than among the C. annuum genotypes and the C. chinense genotypes were the least similar ones.     

Analyses of pollen-tube growth and biological action of S-RNase in the style of self-compatible Japanese pear

The Japanese pear ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ (S₂S₄^SM) (SM = stylar-part mutant) is a self-compatible bud mutant that originated from self-incompatible ‘Nijisseiki’ (S₂S₄). The S₄-allele of the pear is deleted and it shows unilateral incompatibility to cultivar with an S₂S₄ genotype. However, when pollen-tube growth was compared between cross-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Okusankichi’ (S₅S₇)], unilateral-compatible [‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Kikusui’ (S₂S₄)], self-compatible (‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), and unilateral-incompatible pollination (‘Kikusui’ × ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’), pollen-tube growth clearly showed the following order: cross-compatible > unilateral-compatible > self-compatible > unilateral-incompatible. This indicates that the ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ style produces specific inhibitor(s) not only to S₂- and S₄-pollen but also “self-pollen”, because the phenotype of S₄^SM-pollen is the same as S₄-pollen. Stylar protein analysis demonstrated that ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ produces S₂-RNase (RNase associated with S₂-allele) together with a small amount of S₄-RNase. The purified S₄-RNase possessed almost the same inhibitory action on the growth of S₄-pollen-tubes in vitro at 1 μg μl⁻¹ as that from original ‘Nijisseiki’. These results suggest that the depressed growth of unilateral-compatible and self-pollen-tubes in ‘Osa-Nijisseiki’ is due to this biologically active S₄-RNase. Growth of self-pollen-tubes may also be depressed by inhibitor(s) specific to “self-pollen” unrelated to S-alleles.     

Cross-compatibility of apple cultivars possessing S-RNase alleles of similar sequence

Summary

We investigated the functional differences in three pairs of S-RNase alleles having similar sequences. It was confirmed using pollination tests that S₁₉ and S₂₈ behaved as different alleles, while S₁₇ and S₁₉ appeared to be the same allele. Our previous new allele designation of S_6b in place of S₁₇ and S₁₉, and not S₁₉ and S₂₈, from S-RNase sequence analyses was therefore confirmed. The deduced amino acid sequences of S₃ and S₁₀, although showing high similarity (94%), were functionally distinct.