水稻强化栽培体系的原理及其应用效果

水稻强化栽培体系 (SystemofRiceIntensification,SRI)是1983年由Fr.HenrideLaulanie倡导和发展而成的。他在推广水稻生产技术中发现小苗移栽的水稻分蘖和产量能大幅度增加。后来进一步对小苗移栽和其他技术措施配套研究提出水稻强化栽培技术 ,于1993年发表了第一篇关于水稻强化栽培体系的论文。1990年在他的推动下在马达加斯加建立了ATS(AssociationofTefySaina)协会 ,这是一个非政府机构 ,目的是为了促进和改进水稻强化栽培体系 (SRI)。至今 ,在马达加斯加大约有10 %的水稻种植面积应用SRI技术。近年来主要技术在东南亚等产稻国…     

SRI在寒地水稻生产中的应用

阐述了水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)的形成及其技术特点,介绍了黑龙江省成功研究寒地水稻SRI改进技术内容,以及该项技术应用获得平均增产15％以上,每公顷用种量由70．0 kg降至7．5 kg,增收节支 1 800元／hm2的显著效果。     

SRI在寒地水稻生产中的应用

阐述了水稻强化栽培体系（SRI）的形成及其技术特点,介绍了黑龙江省成功研究寒地水稻SRI改进技术内容,以及该项技术应用获得平均增产15%以上,每公顷用种量由70.0 kg降至7.5 kg,增收节支1 800元/hm^2的显著效果.     

杂交水稻强化栽培增产效果及经济效益分析

为了探讨水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)应用于杂交水稻的可行性，进行了杂交水稻SRI与一般栽培方法的比较试验。结果表明，杂交水稻强化栽培具有明显的增产效应和经济效益。同时认为杂交水稻强化栽培的栽插密度不宜小于7．5万穴/hm^2；以选择分蘖力中等偏上、株型稍松散的组合为宜。     

水稻强化栽培体系试验初报

水稻强化栽培体系 (SystemofRiceIntensification,SRI)系20世纪80年代由HenrideLaulanie神父在马达加斯加(Madagascar)提出的一种新的栽培方法 ,其主要技术要点为少株稀植短秧龄。根据袁隆平先生介绍的资料 ,我们于2002年开展相关试验 ,以探索SRI对提高水稻产量的可能性及在本地区的应用前景。一、材料与方法水稻强化栽培体系试验的种植密度设50cm×50cm(处理① )、37.5cm×37.5cm(处理② )、25cm×25cm(处理③ )三种处理 ,均为10天秧龄 ,以25cm×25cm、30天秧龄的常规栽培法为对照 ,随机排列 ,四次重复 ,试验小区面积为1.5m×7.5m=11.…     

水稻强化栽培对植株生理与群体发育的影响

以粳稻品种武香粳9号为材料,研究了SRI（system of rice intensification）下植株生理特性、群体发育特点及高产栽培技术。结果表明,在SRI方式下,水稻根系活力增强,叶片可溶性糖、非蛋白氮、丙二醛和脯氨酸含量增加,营养器官的物质转运率提高,群体质量明显改善;但群体茎蘖数和穗数不足,限制了SRI的产量。在SRI条件下,双本栽插能显著提高水稻群体茎蘖数,改善营养器官物质的运转和群体质量,有助于提高SRI的产量;增施氮肥在提高水稻群体茎蘖数的同时降低了营养器官物质的转运,因此不宜过分依赖增加氮肥来提高SRI的产量。     

水稻强化栽培体系的研究现状

综述了水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)的基本原理、关键技术、产量优势、经济及生态效益和本土化存在的问题,提出在筛选适宜品种(组合)基础上,汲取现有的旱育稀植、节水灌溉、病虫草害综合防治等高产栽培技术之精华,并采用小苗稀植、有机肥与无机肥结合、覆盖"旱育"式水管、中耕除草与化学除草相结合等的关键技术,将SRI法与我国不同种植制度、不同类型品种有机结合,形成本土化的水稻强化栽培技术。     

水稻强化栽培技术的改进与应用

在水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)基础上改进提出了一套适合江西萍乡的新栽培管理技术,即"健壮乳苗-带泥浅栽-合理稀植-调水健根-配肥深施".介绍了该技术的要点、基本要求、应用效果和优点.     

SRI与寒地水稻单本植栽培技术的比较分析

水稻强化栽培体系(System of RiceIntensification,简称SRI)是一种新的高产栽培方法。关键技术有：采用小苗、本田单本稀植,施有机肥,中耕除草,节水灌溉,间歇性地晒田、露田。寒地水稻单本植栽培法是黑龙江省农科院绥化农科所主持的适合当地生产的研究课题,关键技术有：选用适宜品种,使用“最少基本苗”形成的水稻多蘖苗,本田单本稀植,肥水管理以促为主。通过对SRI及寒地水稻单本植栽培法的比较分析,探讨了水稻高产栽培的新途径,为进一步提高寒地水稻单位产量提供科学的栽培方法。     

水稻强化栽培体系适宜移栽密度探讨

水稻强化栽培体系(SRI)不同移栽密度试验结果显示,以每公顷栽9万穴的处理产量最高,增产效应明显.增产原因是该处理具有穗数优势.     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.