Effects of herbicides on rice resistance and on multiplication and feeding of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (StÅl) (Homoptera: Delphacidae)

Two-way effects of herbicide on rice resistance and multiplication and feeding of the rice brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) were studied. Four of 11 herbicides tested, butachlor, metolachlor, oxadiazon and bentazone, had significantly stimulating effects on multiplication and feeding of BPH. Multiplication times (N ₁/N ₀) of BPH on the rice treated with the four herbicides were 674, 367, 322 and 311, respectively, while that of N. lugens on the untreated plants was 159. The results of measurements of honeydew production by BPH indicated that the feeding rates of the brown planthoppers increased when the insects fed on the plants treated with bentazone, quinclorac, oxadiazon and quinclorac. Survival rates of N. lugens first to third-instars rose on the rice plants treated with butachlor, bentazone, but that of the fourth and fifth instars were not affected. Furthermore, all of those herbicides tested led to a decline of rice resistance, i.e. the injury scales of the treated plants were larger than that of the control under the same pest stress. Based on their effects on rice resistance and on BPH, the herbicides tested can be divided into two categories, one affecting rice resistance and BPH multiplication, the other affecting rice resistance only.     

Redescription of Pterygodermatites (Mesopectines) nycticebi (Mönnig, 1920) (Nematoda: Rictulariidae), a parasite of slow loris Nycticebus coucang (Mammalia: Primates)

Pterygodermaties (Mesopectines) nycticebi (M?nnig, 1920) (Nematoda: Spirurida: Rictulariidae) is redescribed based on immature and mature adults collected from the stomach and small intestine at autopsy of a slow loris, Nycticebus coucang (Boddaert, 1785) (Mammalia: Primates), in a zoological garden in Japan. It is first demonstrated that male possesses a minute telamon and a left lateral pore in the preanal part of body. The cause of death of the slow loris is strongly surmised to be related to the nematode infection, which was apparently acquired under captivity in the zoological garden.     

Effect of pre‐storage seed treatments on adult mortality,oviposition and development of Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Bruchidae: Coleoptera), and the viability of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) in India

Abstract

The adult mortality of Callosobruchus chinensis L. was 100% within 24 h after artificially infesting seeds pretreated with inert clay and stored for 12 months under ambient conditions. Pre‐treatment with thiram and delsan‐30 (TCMTB) were also effective in controlling the adults by impairing oviposition. The seeds maintained over 80% germination up to 12 months of storage under all the treatments.     

Managing apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) and powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha) using Adem™

Current control of scab and mildew of apple in the UK requires the routine application of fungicides at 7 - 14-day intervals to achieve the blemish-free fruit required by the market. Such practices are generally effective, but with increased public concern about pesticides and rising costs to the grower, they are now less acceptable. The use of disease-warning systems offers scope for optimizing fungicide use by better timing of sprays. Adem^? is a PC-based system that warns of the risk of scab, mildew, Nectria fruit rot and canker and fireblight. In a 'key stage' strategy, warnings by Adem^? for scab and mildew integrated with practical pest and disease control resulted in similar or better control than a routine programme, with the additional benefit of reduced fungicide inputs and costs even in seasons exceptionally favourable for these diseases. Maximum savings in fungicide use were made by applying sprays curatively in response to scab warnings. However, this approach resulted in increased disease incidence to the crop and scab infection of fruit even in seasons unfavourable for scab attack.     

FAO/WHO农药残留联席会议每日允许摄入量(ADIs),最大残留限量(MRL)1987年会议报告

农药法规分类号评价时间 推荐的每日农 允许摄入量法规分类号(毫克/公斤/体重)产品 名称推荐的最大残留限量 (毫克/公斤)新的以前的benalaxyl (155) 19860。05ADI已评价过,1986年所有的指导性限量(G Ls)都改成最大残留限量(MRL,)硫双威(earbosulfan) (145)1984,19860。01残留量为硫双威、映喃丹、3一经基咬喃丹、3一酮基峡喻丹的总和。e 1 ofentezine (156)19860。02FB0021(T(T(T11,白比J‘.1,J ,.几门.人 ,1 nU八U …,白八U八口八U :份. 一﹄J 11t﹄Jt匀‘.工n曰︸八U nU nU .……八曰nU nU nU nU nU,曰八”FB0268FB0269FP00…     

Effectiveness of two insect growth regulators against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their impact on population densities of arthropod predators in cotton in Pakistan

Field efficacies of two insect growth regulators (IGRs) at two recommended application rates, buprofezin at 370 and 555 g AI ha(-1) and lufenuron at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1), were determined against the sweet potato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), in experimental plots of cotton at the Directorate of Cotton Research, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Adverse effects of the IGRs on populations of associated arthropod predators, namely geocorids, chrysopids, coccinellids, formicids and arachnids, were also assessed. Both IGRs significantly reduced populations of B. tabaci at each application rate 24, 48 and 72 h after treatment, and higher doses were more effective than lower doses. Buprofezin was not effective against H. armigera at any tested dose for any time of treatment in any spray. Lufenuron applied at 37 and 49 g AI ha(-1) effectively suppressed H. armigera populations, resulting in significant reductions in crop damage. At lower doses, both IGRs appeared safe to predator populations, which did not differ significantly in IGR-treated versus untreated control plots. Population densities of formicids and coccinellids were significantly lower at high concentrations of both IGRs in treatment plots, possibly as a result of reduced prey availability. The potential role of buprofezin and lufenuron for control of B. tabaci and H. armigera in a spray programme and the likelihood of direct toxic effects of IGRs on predatory fauna of cotton are discussed.     

Survey of two artichoke moths “Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) and Depressaria erinaceella (Staudinger)” in Tunisia

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Gortyna xanthenes (Germar) and Depressaria erinaceella (Staudinger) are key pests of artichoke in Tunisia causing major losses. To this end, a 2-year...     

Phytogard® and DL-β-amino Butyric Acid (BABA) Induce Resistance to Downy Mildew (Bremia Lactucae) in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L)

Downy mildew of lettuce (Bremia lactucae) is a serious disease. An alternative to chemicals is the application of disease resistance inducers. The aim of this study was to test whether DL--amino butyric acid (BABA) and Phytogard® (K₂HPO₃) could induce resistance in downy mildew susceptible plants. Aqueous solutions of BABA (0, 10, 20, 30, 50, 80, 100mM) and Phytogard® (0.0, 5.8, 29.0, 40.6, 58.0 and 87.0ppm) were sprayed on seven-day-old seedlings 0, 3, 7 and 15 days before or 1–3 days after inoculation with B. lactucae. Results obtained showed that Phytogard®- and BABA-induced resistance was dose-dependent. At 40.6ppm for Phytogard® and 10mM for BABA, complete protection was obtained. Both compounds had a curative effect and the induced resistance lasted for at least 15 days. It was also shown that both compounds induced systemic resistance in lettuce against downy mildew. Phytogard® at 40.6ppm completely inhibited spore germination while BABA at 20mM did not. Pathogenesis related (PR) protein analysis showed that BABA induced weak accumulation of PR-2, but not PR-1, PR-5 and PR-9. Phytogard® induced none of these proteins. The use of these two compounds to protect lettuce from B. lactucae is discussed.     

Biological studies on the olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hübner (Lepid., Pyralidae), and the olive moth, Prays oleae Bernard (Lepid., Yponomeutidae)

Abstract The biology of two important lepidopterous pests, Prays oleae Bernard and Palpita unionalis Hübner, was studied. The target pests were reared on olive plants, Oleae europaea L. (Oleaceae) under laboratory conditions for two successive generations, from March to June 2002. For P. oleae, the duration of larval stage development in the first generation was 21.4 ± 0.18 days at 19.3–20.9 °C, 65–68 % R.H, while in the second generation it was 14.8 ± 0.10 days at 20.8–24.2 °C, 65–69 % R.H. The number of eggs laid per female ranged from 58 to 109 eggs in the first generation, and from 47 to 113 in the second. The larval stage duration of P. unionalis was 16.3 ± 0.12 days at 16.8–22.9 °C, 65–69 % R.H. and 15.5 ± 0.12 days at 21.6–25.5 °C, 66–69 % R.H. for the first and second generations, respectively. Also, the number of eggs laid per female ranged from 630 to 653 eggs, and from 425 to 493 eggs in the second generation under the same previous laboratory conditions. P. oleae laid eggs at night mostly singly on flower-buds, more on the calyx. than on the petals. The larvae mined on leaves and damaged groups of flowers. P. unionalis adults were active at night, laid eggs singly at twilight usually on the lower surface of foliage. Larvae fed on leaves spinning several leaves together to form shelter for the pupa.     

Biological studies on the olive leaf moth, Palpita unionalis Hübner (Lepid., Pyralidae), and the olive moth, Prays oleae Bernard (Lepid., Yponomeutidae)

Abstract The biology of two important lepidopterous pests, Prays oleae Bernard and Palpita unionalis Hübner, was studied. The target pests were reared on olive plants, Oleae europaea L. (Oleaceae) under laboratory conditions for two successive generations, from March to June 2002. For P. oleae, the duration of larval stage development in the first generation was 21.4 ± 0.18 days at 19.3–20.9 °C, 65–68 % R.H, while in the second generation it was 14.8 ± 0.10 days at 20.8–24.2 °C, 65–69 % R.H. The number of eggs laid per female ranged from 58 to 109 eggs in the first generation, and from 47 to 113 in the second. The larval stage duration of P. unionalis was 16.3 ± 0.12 days at 16.8–22.9 °C, 65–69 % R.H. and 15.5 ± 0.12 days at 21.6–25.5 °C, 66–69 % R.H. for the first and second generations, respectively. Also, the number of eggs laid per female ranged from 630 to 653 eggs, and from 425 to 493 eggs in the second generation under the same previous laboratory conditions. P. oleae laid eggs at night mostly singly on flower-buds, more on the calyx. than on the petals. The larvae mined on leaves and damaged groups of flowers. P. unionalis adults were active at night, laid eggs singly at twilight usually on the lower surface of foliage. Larvae fed on leaves spinning several leaves together to form shelter for the pupa.     

Important invasive species and its pest status in Turkey: Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a pest of many annual and perennial agricultural products. The species is native to...     

Deoxynivalenol, Nivalenol and Moniliformin in Wheat Samples with Head Blight (scab) Symptoms in Poland (1998–2000)

Fusarium head blight (scab) epidemics of wheat occurred in uawy (Northern Poland) during 1998 and in Wielkopolska (West) and in Southern regions of Poland in 1999. Four species were identified in wheat heads with scab symptoms: Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium avenaceum and Microdochium nivale. A significant increase in the frequency of F. graminearum (between 23% and 38%), was observed, compared to about 10% during the previous decade. The mycotoxins deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV) and moniliformin (MON) in amounts up to 24.3, 14.2 and 1.72mgkg^–1respectively, were identified in kernels samples.     

瀚生金主力~(TM)+双管~(TM),打造水稻病虫害专家

面对强大的行业竞争，青岛瀚生从原药储备、制剂加工、质量检验、物流配送、客户维护、区域保护、产品宣传、强力推广等各方面进行了配套协作分工，由公司领导亲自带头抓单品上量。金主力^TM与双管^TM自身具有的独特优势与瀚生公司的努力必将成就09年行业的又一个奇迹!     

Identification and expression profiles of nine glutathione S-transferase genes from the important rice phloem sap-sucker and virus vector Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

BACKGROUND: Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) have received considerable attention in insects for their roles in insecticide resistance. Laodelphax striatellus (Fallén) is a serious rice pest. L. striatellus outbreaks occur frequently throughout eastern Asia. A key problem in controlling this pest is its rapid adaptation to numerous insecticides. In this research, nine cDNAs encoding GSTs in L. striatellus were cloned and characterised. RESULTS: The cloned GSTs of L. striatellus belonged to six cytosolic classes and a microsomal subgroup. Exposure to sublethal concentrations of each of the six insecticides, DDT, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta‐cypermethrin, quickly induced (6 h) up‐expression of LsGSTe1. The expression of LsGSTs2 was increased by chlorpyrifos, fipronil and beta‐cypermethrin. Furthermore, exposure of L. striatellus to fipronil, imidacloprid, buprofezin and beta‐cypermethrin increased the expression of the LsGSTm gene after 24 or 48 h. CONCLUSION: This work is the first identification of GST genes from different GST groups in Auchenorrhyncha species and their induction characteristics with insecticide types and time. The elevated expression of GST genes induced by insecticides might be related to the enhanced tolerance of this insect to insecticides and xenobiotics. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry