子带特征参数在家禽应激发声识别中的应

基于子带梅尔频谱质心的优化特征参数(SMSC),研究了35日龄海兰褐蛋鸡在正常状态、光照与人为干扰等应激下发声信息的变化特征,并通过建立支持向量机模型(SVM),比较了采用优化特征参数与梅尔频标倒谱系数及其一阶、二阶导数组成的特征参数(MFCC-39)在识别不同应激中的应用效果.试验结果表明,采用加入梅尔频谱质心修正的特征参数,在分类正确识别率方面平均提高了24%.     

猕猴桃膨大果的近红外漫反射光谱无损识别

在833~2500 nm光谱范围内采集了120个猕猴桃膨大果和120个正常果的近红外漫反射光谱,采用变量标准化方法对光谱进行了预处理,基于Kennard-Stone方法对样本进行了划分,分别建立了基于全光谱(FS)、主成分分析法(PCA)提取的11个主成分和连续投影算法(SPA)提取的6个特征波长的偏最小二乘(PLS)、支持向量机(SVM)和误差反向传播(BP)神经网络识别模型。结果说明,所建立的9个模型对校正集和测试集中猕猴桃膨大果和正常果的正确识别率均分别大于96.7%和93.3%。PCA提取的主成分数和SPA提取的特征波长数仅是FS中波长数的0.53%和0.29%,建立的模型更加简单,且识别效率较高。PLS和SVM模型的识别率普遍高于BP神经网络模型。9种模型中PCA-PLS识别率最高,其对校正集和测试集中膨大果和正常果的正确识别率均达到100%。该研究结果表明,近红外漫反射光谱技术可作为一种准确、高效的方法应用于猕猴桃膨大果的无损识别中。     

基于近红外特征波段的注水肉识别模型研究

以注水肉为对象进行无损检测技术的应用,需要着重于正常肉和注水肉之间的区分,可采用基于光谱分析技术和模式识别的方法。以牛肉为对象,对注水肉的模式识别模型进行了研究。在900~2200nm波段内,以凸显差异性为目的,分别对正常肉和注水肉样本的光谱数据进行特征值提取,以具有差异性的特征值建模。首先使用小波变换观察奇异值的方法分别提取到两种肉类的多个特征波段,并以特定原则构成多个特征波段组合项,再与光谱的聚类分析结果相结合,为两种肉类共同确定可用于模式识别算法的光谱特征值,即主要以聚类结果中的1818~1842nm、1194~1278nm两个波段形成了4种组合,最终构成4个条件下、不同数量的目标矩阵。基于支持向量机算法为每一个目标矩阵建立模式识别的模型,以留一法对目标矩阵进行训练集和验证集的分配并进行交叉验证,以交叉验证结果中两种肉类识别正确率之和的最大值作为当前目标矩阵的总体最优识别率,结果显示,所有矩阵中,总体识别率最大值为90.48%,具体数据为：两个波段都不被包含时,目标矩阵的总体识别率最高为88.10%;完全包含两个波段时最高识别率为90.48%;只考虑单一因素时的总体识别率分别为86.90%和89.29%。可采用曼-惠特尼秩和检验的方法对这些总体识别率数据进行差异显著性分析。结果表明,1818~1842nm波段较为显著地体现了正常肉与注水肉近红外光谱吸收特点的不同。另外,识别结果的数据还显示,若对正常肉和注水肉分别考察,正常肉的识别率整体相对较高。     

基于压缩感知理论的苹果病害识别方法

为实现自然场景下低分辨率苹果果实病害的智能识别,提出了一种基于压缩感知理论的苹果病害识别方法。以轮纹病、炭疽病和新轮纹病3种常见的苹果果实病害为研究对象,提取病斑的8个纹理特征参数组成训练特征矩阵。利用压缩感知理论,求解待测样本特征向量在特征矩阵上的稀疏表示系数向量,通过对系数向量的分析实现待测样本的分类。设计灰度关联分析和支持向量机识别模型与本文方法进行识别效果对比,平均正确识别率分别为86.67%、90%和90%。实验结果表明,基于压缩感知理论的识别方法能够对苹果病害进行有效识别。     

基于近红外光谱的核桃仁品种快速分类方法

采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪,采集了4个不同品种的200份核桃仁样本的近红外漫反射光谱,建立了核桃仁品种分类模型。光谱范围为3 800~9 600 cm -1 ,预处理方法采用多元散射校正法和标准正态化方法;通过主成分分析法优选出5个主成分因子,光谱信息累计贡献率达到99.21%;采用随机抽取法建立建模集和验证集,以主成分因子为输入变量,建立了基于支持向量机分类模型,并采用网格搜索法对RBF核函数参数 λ和δ 进行寻优。分析结果表明,建立的核桃仁分类识别模型对4个核桃仁品种的总体正确识别率达到96%,为核桃仁品种的快速无损识别提供了一种可行的方法。     

基于多光谱图像和 SVM 的玉米田间杂草识别

为解决变量喷洒对杂草识别速度与正确率的要求,提出了一种基于多光谱图像和SVM 的杂草识别新方法。通过多光谱成像仪获得玉米与杂草图像,采用 IR-R 的多光谱融合并结合 Otsu 分割法完成背景分割;随后对植被图像进行目标分割与形态学处理,提取出所有植被叶片图像,在此基础上提取了叶片11个形状特征参数和纹理特征参数。为提高算法的实时性,对叶片的特征参数进行主成分分析,将前3个主成分作为支持向量机的输入建立模式识别模型。结果表明,降维后对于未知预测样本的识别正确率达到85％,用时0．001415 s。与直接利用支持向量机的90％的识别率和0．105165 s的用时相比,该算法在满足识别率的同时,用时更少,为田间杂草的快速识别提供了一种新方法。     

可变步长网格搜索法结合LIBSVM预测风机故障研究

针对风机的智能故障诊断,采用了一种可变步长网格搜索法寻优结合LIBSVM工具箱实现风机故障智能识别的方法。LIBSVM的信号特征输入选用风机振动信号的小波能量谱,用交叉验证法验证识别准确率,用LIBSVM仿真建立支持向量机分类模型,最后用测试样本测试,发现基于该方法可以保证支持向量机识别率并且可以有效减少运算量。     

多类支持向量机在玉米品种识别中的应用

为了验证采用机器视觉以及图像处理方法对玉米品种进行自动识别的可行性,研究了一种基于玉米外观特征和多变量支持向量机(SVM)分类算法的玉米品种识别方法.采用数码相机获得了11个品种每个品种50粒共550幅图像,然后对各品种对应的籽粒群体图像提取每个籽粒的形态特征8个、颜色特征12个、纹理特征13个,共33个特征参数,并分别定义11个玉米品种的二进制编码作为网络的输出,建立特征参数与玉米品种之间的SVM识别模型.试验结果表明,该方法对11个品种550个籽粒的品种检出率为100%.在同样的情况下比较了基于BP神经网络(ANN)的识别性能,较ANN 94.3%的识别率,采用SVM的识别效果有了较大的提高,得到了较好的识别效果.     

小麦腥黑穗病害的模式识别诊断方法研究

针对小麦腥黑穗病害的形状和纹理特征选取了最有利于病害分类的6个特征参数,并分别利用最小距离法、BP神经网络和支持向量机3种模式识别方法实现了对小麦腥黑穗病害的诊断研究。对包括小麦网腥黑穗病、小麦印度腥黑穗病以及小麦矮腥黑穗病共48个孢子病害图像进行了分类诊断实验。实验表明,支持向量机法对小麦腥黑穗病的分类识别能力优于最小距离法和BP神经网络,当核函数是Sigmoid时,支持向量机法性能最优,总体识别率达到93.9%。     

基于支持向量机的甘薯冷害光谱检测方法

针对甘薯早期冷害不易检测,导致甘薯品质下降,易感染其他病害等问题,建立了基于光谱技术的甘薯冷害无损检测方法。基于类可分性准则的关键特征排序法选择有效特征光谱波长,利用支持向量机算法对数据集进行训练评价,检测特征光谱波长的准确性以及甘薯早期冷害发生情况。通过对5个甘薯品种共400个样品进行实验,以训练数据与测试数据5∶5比例检测甘薯冷害准确率高达99.52%,以7∶3比例测试结果高达99.63%。实验结果证明特征光谱波段选择正确,表明光谱技术可以有效识别甘薯冷害,此研究为甘薯贮存分类等后续工作提供了技术方法支持。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。