塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地不同灌溉形式(投入)生物防护林建设效果分析

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地建立生物防护林 ,在树种选择、种植方式基本确定的基础上 ,应重点考虑以下三点 :1资金投入 ,2灌溉用水量 ,3产生的效果。目前 ,由中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所承担建成的油田基地路生物防护林 ,分别采用沟灌、滴灌两种灌溉方式 ,本文对两种灌溉方式的资金投入 ,用水量和产生的效果进行比较分析 ,为今后在沙漠公路和油田基地的应用推广 ,提供科学依据。     

生物病毒专题(二)

编者按:本专题由武汉武大绿洲生物技术有限公司与本刊联合推出,我们将从专业的角度,采用简明的文字来讲解生物病毒的特点、基本类型、包括的种类及作用机理等方面的基础知识.希望借用这个平台为广大读者提供更有价值的服务.     

生物猫(BIORAT)鼠药灭鼠效果试验

试验表明生物猫鼠药在农田对以黑线姬鼠为优势种 ,在室内对以褐家鼠为优势种的鼠类具有良好的杀灭效果 ,灭鼠效果与溴敌隆相近。生物猫鼠药是生物源杀鼠剂 ,不污染环境 ,对人畜安全 ,是一种较好的灭鼠剂 ,在农田具有一定的应用前景。     

内蒙古自治区生物多样性研究(1)—生态系统多样性

基于林业、草业部门以及相关专项调查的基础资料,以群系作为基本单位对内蒙古自治区的生态系统多样性进行了编目和评价.自治区境内共有167种生态类型.草地生态系统(草原和草甸)分布范围最广面积最大,共包括38种群系类型,3376.94万hm2.荒漠生态系统次之,共有26种群系类型,面积达1059.76万hm2.从群系类型的多...     

2021年全国农业有害生物抗药性监测报告与治理对策(水稻、玉米部分)

2021年,全国农业技术推广服务中心组织国内21个省(自治区、直辖市)125个监测点开展水稻、玉米主要病虫害抗药性监测与风险评估,监测有害生物包括病害2种、虫害6种、草害2种,监测农药品种24种.结合抗药性监测报告,提出治理对策.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠灌草丘的发育特征及环境意义

对灌草丘的发育条件及沉积特征的研究表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠地区的灌草丘形成在绿洲受风沙入浸，由水沉积转为风沙沉积过程中，气候变化对灌草丘的发育未产生重要影响，但流水在其中起了决定性作用。灌草丘开始发育之后，可以依某一速率持续增长，也可能被埋没（主要是风沙流），或被侵蚀夷平，但部分灌草丘在沙漠的发展过程中保存达数千年之久。有限的测年数据及地表景观显示灌草丘发育的阶段性，实际上也是沙漠发展的阶段性。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线植被及特点

本文以塔克拉玛干浙江省公路为主线，调查由沙漠北缘至腹地自然概况，植物组成及分布特点，植被类型等，结果表明，塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线植物组成非常贫乏，仅１８种；生态学特性则以中生，耐盐的高位芽植物占主导地位；大多数植物以根蘖为主要繁殖形式；植被类型简单、隐域性盐化草甸植被占有一定的地位。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地一次强降水天气分析

１９８８年７月下旬塔克拉玛干沙漠地满西异井测站出现了一次强降水天气,日降水量达２８．６ｍｍ证实了在大尺度环流背景下,中小尺度天气系统的影响及午后局地对流发展旺盛时,沙漠腹地同样也能出现强度较大的降水天气。     

Observation of saltation activity at Tazhong area in Taklimakan Desert,China

A two-year field observation of saltation activity was carried out at Tazhong area,the hinterland area of the Taklimakan Desert with highly frequent dust storms.From 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010,a piezoelectric saltation sensor(Sensit) was used to continuously collect the data on saltation activity at a level sand surface.Analysis on the data suggests that saltation activity can occur at any time of the year when conditions are favorable;however,the necessary conditions are rarely satisfied in most time.In the daytime of spring or summer,saltation activity can persist even over a continuous one-hour-or-so period.It is found that,from 1 September 2008 to 31 August 2010,saltation activity accounts for more than 3% of the total yearly time,and it tends to peak in spring and summer months with strong winds.During winter months when winds are weak,however,it is often at a minimum.It seems that precipitation does not appear to be significant in reducing saltation activity in arid regions like Tazhong.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠地表感热特征分析

利用1979年3月~2004年2月月平均的NCEP/DOE新再分析地表感热资料,在分析塔克拉玛干沙漠四季感热基本气候特征的基础上,通过EOF分析方法,对沙漠地表感热异常变化的空间结构和时间演变趋势作了诊断研究。结果表明:1)沙漠地区地表感热通量的分布存在较大的季节和区域性差异。2)根据各季地表感热距平场的EOF分析,该区感热异常主要有全区一致型、南北差异型以及西北~东南差异型三种常见的分布模态;3)近25年来,塔克拉玛干沙漠春季和夏季地表感热在第一空间尺度上总体变化趋势平缓,秋季在波动中有明显增强的趋势;在第二空间尺度上夏季和秋季变化趋势不太显著,而春季在沙漠北部有减弱的趋势,南部有增强的趋势。     

塔克拉玛干沙漠土壤种子库特征初探

通过野外采样和室外萌发的方法,研究了塔克拉玛干沙漠公路沿线6种立地类型的土壤种子库特点.其主要结论:①所有立地类型的土壤种子库密度都很小.立地类型I,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ,V,Ⅵ的土壤种子库密度分别为:(46.20±4.45)粒/m2,(27.50±5.58)粒/m2,(15.00±3.37)粒/m2,(6.52±0.87)/m2,(10.00±2.42)粒/m2和(50.00±5.50)粒/m2.②所有立地类型土壤种子库中所出现的物种数量都很少.③所有立地类型土壤种子库中出现的物种生活型,一年生草本并不占优势.④在塔克拉玛干沙漠空间分布上,沙漠南缘和北缘的土壤种子库密度和物种多样性较大,而中部的密度和物种多样性较小.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠荒漠过渡带空气动力学粗糙度分析

根据塔克拉玛干沙漠北缘荒漠过渡带哈德、肖塘2个试验点的风、温梯度观测数据,利用风速比法计算了中性大气层结、无风沙运动条件的空气动力学粗糙度[WTBX](z0),并分析探讨z0[WTBZ]与下垫面状况、大气稳定度及风速的相互关系。结果表明：哈德、肖塘中性条件下z₀的取值范围分别为 1.81×10^-11～1.20×10^-3m,1.00×10^-11～1.65×10^-3m,平均值为2.70×10^-5m 和6.05×10^-5m,与平坦沙面的值较为接近;z₀随下垫面性质变化明显;空气动力学粗糙度总体上随着理查逊数(R_i)增大而变大,但又呈现出一定的离散程度;空气动力学粗糙度与2 m高度风速呈显著的负指数关系;大气稳定度对空气动力学粗糙度的影响作用有待于进一步确定。      

Local convergence zones or discontinuous lines in the Taklimakan Desert, Northwest China

In order to study convergence zones or discontinuous lines formed locally in the Taklimakan Desert,we analyzed available MODIS images onboad TERRA or AQUA satellite for ten cases:29 March 2002,14 April 2002;2 January 2003;21 April 2003;26 March 2004;28 April 2004;30 January 2005;25 June 2005;3 December 2005;and 26 July 2006.We used weather maps published by the Japan Mete-orological Agency for the Asia and Pacific region at 500 hPa,700 hPa and 850 hPa,at 00Z and 12Z to analyze the meteorological conditions occurring in each case.We estimated the positions of air streams,convergence zones or discontinuous lines between them,and thermal conditions on the maps and con-firmed the presence of cumulus and cumulonimbus clouds through satellite images in particular.After a review of previous studies,this paper introduced the results of the present study.Closed warm areas in the Taklimakan Desert and on the Tibetan Plateau and local convergence zones or discontinuous lines in the Taklimakan Desert were discussed together with their diurnal changes,using composite maps of the ten cases.Along the long axis of the desert the convergence zones or discontinuous lines normally extend 70-80 km in a west-east direction,but are suspected to exceed 100 km in extreme cases.On the other hand,the convergence zones or discontinuous lines extending in a north-south direction on the southern fringe of the desert have a length of 40-60 km.The closed warm areas show clear diurnal changes,but they were not detected at the 500 hPa level.An example of a clear convergence zone running in a north-south direction on 26 July 2006 was presented in detail with corresponding satellite images.     

Sand flux estimation during a sand-dust storm at Tazhong area of Taklimakan Desert, China

In this paper, the sand transport during a sand-dust storm in the Tazhong area of the central Taklimakan Desert from 11:29 to 23:56 on July 19, 2008 was observed and measured in real time. The sand flux at Tazhong was estimated using sand transport empirical formulas. The critical friction velocity at Tazhong was 0.24 m/s and the functional relation between the wind speed and sediment discharge at the height of 2 m was established. It was also found that the calculated values by Lettau's sediment discharge formula were close to those of the instrument measurements. The horizontal sand flux and the vertical sand flux during this sand-dust storm at Tazhong were respectively 258.67×10-4 kg/(m·s) and 40.07×10-7 kg/(m2·s).     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地净辐射变化特征

利用塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境监测站(塔中站)直接探测的辐射资料,计算了流动沙漠区近地层净辐射值,并对其变化特征进行分析。结果表明:净辐射的连续日变化对天气现象有不同程度的反映,1月天气现象较少,逐日净辐射上下变动的离散度较小,4月最大。沙漠区净辐射值并不大,要比同一季节中纬度裸地低。净辐射早晚两次改变符号,通过零值的时间约比日出落后40~60 m in,比日落提前60~90 m in。净辐射的极大值一般均出现在12:00时,有些月份出现在10:00时,极大值出现时,天空大多为云覆盖,但太阳未被遮蔽,大气透明度良好;负的极小值一般出现在少云天气的夜间。不同天气条件下净辐射有很大变化,但平均特征与晴天接近,白天晴天净辐射的值最高,而夜间晴天的值最低。