地膜覆盖免放苗栽培技术在高梁上的应用研究

为丰富平凉高粱品种资源并大面积推广应用地膜覆盖免放苗栽培技术,以吉杂127露地栽培为对照,对引进的7个酿造高粱品种进行地膜覆盖免放苗栽培技术配套种植,系统研究了8个品种的物候期、主要农艺性状及产量.结果表明,川糯梁1号表现为植株高、穗子长、穗柄长、穗粒重大、耐倒伏、植株生长整齐、生育期适宜、抗病虫危害、穗粒优势大等特点,产量可达9800.49 kg/hm2,极显著高于其他参试品种,较对照产量增加64.48％,应作为地膜覆盖免放苗栽培技术的主配品种在域内种植推广;通杂139、吉杂224-2和吉杂237具有幼苗生长快、茎秆粗壮、耐倒伏、成熟较早、籽粒性状优良的特性,产量分别达到了8333.75、8108.74和7775.39 kg/hm2,较对照品种分别增产39.86％、36.08％和30.49％,可作为地膜覆盖免放苗栽培技术的搭配品种进行种植;其他3个品种虽然在一些农艺性状上有较好的表现,但增产水平偏低,不建议作为该技术的配套品种.进一步分析试验结果得出,吉杂224-2和吉杂237的株高、茎粗、穗部性状、成熟期等与机械收获高粱品种的性状指标要求相吻合,产量水平较高,应作为地膜覆盖免放苗栽培机械化收获配套品种在域内种植推广.     

辽西地区适宜机械化生产酿造高粱品种综合评价

为了筛选适宜辽西地区机械化生产的酿造高粱品种,以引进的19个酿造高粱品种为试材,用灰色关联度分析方法测得各品种各性状的权重和加权关联度。结果表明,参试酿造高粱品种各性状的权重大小依次为株高＞经济产量＞穗长＞生育期＞千粒重＞茎粗＞单穗粒重＞单穗重,在进行机械化酿造高粱品种的引进筛选时,应首先考虑株高,其次为经济产量。各参试品种加权关联度大小依次为‘辽杂19号’＞‘平试13号’＞‘济粱2号’＞‘吉杂124号’＞‘吉杂137号’＞‘吉杂142号’＞‘吉杂145号’＞‘吉杂127号’＞‘白杂12号’＞‘吉杂138号’＞‘辽杂37号’＞‘通杂108号’＞‘白杂11号’＞‘机糯粱1号’＞‘通杂127号’＞‘白杂14号’＞‘吉杂136号’＞‘白杂13号’＞‘吉杂140号’,综合生产性能排在前3位的依次为‘辽杂19号’、‘平试13号’和‘济粱2号’。灰色关联度分析评价结果与生产实践一致,可用于酿造高粱品种综合评价。     

陇东旱塬区14个高粱新品种(系)在两种不同种植模式下的引种表现

以高粱品种平杂8号和平杂6号为对照,对引进的14个粒用高粱新品种(系)在陇东旱塬区全膜双垄沟播和露地宽窄行种植2种模式下进行了农艺性状和产量表现鉴定。结果表明,供试高粱品种(系)全膜双垄沟播种植比露地宽窄行种植提前成熟11~16 d,株高、穗粒重、千粒重等农艺性状和产量指标均高于露地种植。全膜双垄沟播种植时,以吉杂123折合产量最高,为14 363.70 kg/hm~2,较平杂8号(CK1)、平杂6号(CK2)分别增产25.65%、18.35%;吉杂133折合产量次之,为13 908.89 kg/hm~2,较平杂8号(CK1)、平杂6号(CK2)分别增产21.67%、14.61%。在露地宽窄行种植条件下,以吉杂127折合产量最高,为8 154.81 kg/hm~2,较平杂8号(CK1)、平杂6号(CK2)分别增产44.91%、24.92%;JN2折合产量次之,为8 144.44 kg/hm~2,较平杂8号(CK1)、平杂6号(CK2)分别增产44.73%、24.76%;吉杂133、吉杂123折合产量较高,分别为7 695.56、7 546.67 kg/hm~2,较平杂8号(CK1)和平杂6号(CK2)分别增产36.75%、34.11%和17.88%、15.60%。可见,全膜双垄沟播种植时表现最好的品种(系)有吉杂123、吉杂133,折合产量均达13 900 kg/hm~2以上,露地种植表现最好的品种(系)有吉杂127、JN2、吉杂133和吉杂123。     

黑龙江西部半干旱地区高粱品种比较试验

搜集多个地区目前普遍使用的高粱品种,在黑龙江省西部半干旱地区进行田间综合鉴定和品种比较试验,以期筛选出适宜西部半干旱地区种植的高产、优质高粱品种并进行推广。结果表明:龙杂16全生育期较短,产量极显著高于其它品种,淀粉含量高,单宁含量低,是粒用型的优质品种。龙杂5在单宁及淀粉含量上显著高于其它品种,产量仅次于龙杂16,高于对照品种但未达到显著,是优质的酿造型品种。关联度分析表明5个主要农艺性状与产量的关联度依次为:单穗粒重穗重穗粒数千粒重穗长。因此决定高粱产量的不只是一个农艺性状而是多个农艺性状综合作用的结果,提高产量不仅要全面考虑各农艺性状的综合影响,也要考虑其中起主要作用的部分因素。     

高粱新品种筛选试验总结

为筛选吉林省延边地区中熟品种区和中晚熟品种区适合种植的高产品种,特选吉杂97等9个高粱品种进行对比试验,结果表明比对照吉杂97增产21.9%的品种有吉杂359(产量为10180kg/hm2),比对照增产19.8%的品种有吉杂304(产量为9810kg/hm2),比对照增产16.2%的品种有吉杂357(产量为9510kg/hm2).     

适宜机械化栽培高粱品种晋杂33号的选育及栽培技术

晋杂33号是山西省农业科学院高粱研究所以自选不育系SX605A为母本、外引恢复系南133为父本杂交选育而成的、适宜机械化栽培的高粱杂交种,于2013年3月通过山西省农作物品种审定委员会审定。在区域试验中,晋杂33号平均单产为9 486.9 kg/hm2,比对照增产9.8%。该品种植株矮,株型紧凑、穗型中紧,抗倒伏,耐密植,适宜机械化收获;适宜山西省春播中晚熟区种植,在吉林省白城、内蒙古赤峰等示范种植也表现出广泛的适应性和较大的增产潜力。     

7个高粱新品种(系)在泾川县的品比试验初报

在泾川县高平镇对引进的7个高粱新品种(系)进行了品比试验,结果表明,折合产量以吉杂129号最高,为8171.43 kg/hm2,较对照品种晋杂12号增产20.34%;平杂10号次之,为8028.57 kg/hm2,较对照品种晋杂12号增产18.23%;沈杂10号为7847.62 kg/hm2,较对照品种晋杂12号增产15.57%.3个品种(系)在试区的田间表现生长整齐,适应性强,综合性状好.     

外引酿酒高粱品种在伊犁地区综合表现分析

为筛选出适宜新疆伊犁地区种植的高产、优质、抗病、熟期适中的酿酒高粱品种,2011年引进9个酿酒高粱品种（系）进行一年多点田间比较试验。结果表明,吉杂127、辽杂18、四杂29、铁杂16和0421/吉R105五个品种较辽杂115（CK）增产,增产幅度为0.9%～15.7%,尤其是吉杂127和四杂29比对照增产10%以上,且生育期适中,可在伊犁各高粱产区推广种植;辽杂18比对照平均增产11.4%,但因生育期偏长,可考虑在河谷地区种植;铁杂16和0421/吉R105因增产效果不显著,可进一步试验鉴定其丰产性。     

辽西地区酿造高粱品种产量与主要性状的灰色关联度分析

为探明辽西地区高粱主要农艺性状与产量的关联程度,为该地区高粱新品种引进与筛选提供理论依据,2017—2019年对16个酿造高粱品种8个主要农艺性状进行灰色关联度分析。结果表明,参试品种各性状与产量的关联系数依次为穗粒质量、单穗质量、穗长、生育期、株高、茎粗、千粒质量。该地区高粱新品种引进与筛选应重点选择单株生产能力较强且生育期较长的品种,兼顾其他性状选择。     

7个油葵杂交种在宁县引种试验结果

在庆阳市宁县对引进的7个油葵杂交种进行了品比试验,结果表明,3 a平均折合产量以美国矮大头最高,达4 759.2 kg/hm2,较对照品种圣泽增产14.01%;其次是F51,为4 617.5 kg/hm2,较对照品种圣泽增产10.62%;新杂4号排第3,为4 571.6 kg/hm2,较对照品种圣泽增产9.51%。3个品种综合性状表现良好,其中F51具有较好的耐旱性,适宜在年降水量较少的宁县北部地区种植;美国矮大头、新杂4号适宜在宁县南部气候较湿润区域种植。     

Segregation of form, color, movement, and depth: anatomy, physiology, and perception

Anatomical and physiological observations in monkeys indicate that the primate visual system consists of several separate and independent subdivisions that analyze different aspects of the same retinal image: cells in cortical visual areas 1 and 2 and higher visual areas are segregated into three interdigitating subdivisions that differ in their selectivity for color, stereopsis, movement, and orientation. The pathways selective for form and color seem to be derived mainly from the parvocellular geniculate subdivisions, the depth- and movement-selective components from the magnocellular. At lower levels, in the retina and in the geniculate, cells in these two subdivisions differ in their color selectivity, contrast sensitivity, temporal properties, and spatial resolution. These major differences in the properties of cells at lower levels in each of the subdivisions led to the prediction that different visual functions, such as color, depth, movement, and form perception, should exhibit corresponding differences. Human perceptual experiments are remarkably consistent with these predictions. Moreover, perceptual experiments can be designed to ask which subdivisions of the system are responsible for particular visual abilities, such as figure/ground discrimination or perception of depth from perspective or relative movement--functions that might be difficult to deduce from single-cell response properties.     

Mineralogy, petrology, and surface features of lunar samples 10062,35, 10067,9, 10069,30, and 10085,16

The primary rocks are a sequence of titanium-rich basic volcanics, composed of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, and ilmenite with minor olivine, troilite, and native iron. The soil and microbreccias are respectively loose and compacted mixtures of fragments and aggregates of similar rocks, minerals, and glassy fragments and spheres. Impact events are reflected by the presence of shock metamorphosed rock fragments, breccias, and glasses and their resulting compaction to form complex breccias, glass-spattered surfaces, and numerous glass-lined craters. Chemistry of the glasses formed by the impact events is highly variable, and the high iron and nickel content of a few moundlike features suggests that at least some of the projectiles are iron and nickel-rich meteorites.     

Research and development, productivity, and inflation

R & D, through its effects on the rate of productivity increase, can significantly restrain the rate of inflation in the medium and long run. High rates of inflation damage the workings of the price system and impair the efficiency of practically all economic activities, including R & D. Findings suggest that the percentage increase between 1969 and 1979, in total real R & D expenditures, has been exaggerated due to the inadequacy of the gross national product deflator as applied to R & D.