哺乳仔猪二次补铁硒对白痢和增重的影响

铁和硒分别是猪生长中不可少的微量元素。哺乳仔猪一次性补铁 15 0ｍｌ、补硒 1ｍｌ,能显著地降低哺乳仔猪白痢发病率和提高育成率、增重率 ,这早已被实践所证明。但二次补铁硒能否再进一步发挥仔猪的生长潜力 ?为此 ,我们进行了哺乳仔猪二次补铁硒试验 ,并在较大范围内推广应用 ,均取得十分满意的效果。1　材料与方法1 .1　试验仔猪选择及场所　选用广西贺州市八步镇某猪场自繁自养的品种、胎次、分娩日相同或接近 ,母体健康的 3日龄三元杂交仔猪 12窝共 134头作参试仔猪。1.2　铁硒制剂　牲血素 ,广西化工研究院生产 ,每瓶10ｍｌ,每毫升含…     

不同补铁剂对哺乳仔猪日增重和血红蛋白的影响

在初生仔猪的生长发育过程中，哺乳仔猪从母体和乳汁中获得的铁不能满足仔猪正常生长发育的需要。一周龄后，仔猪易患缺铁性贫血症，抗病力下降，生长发育缓慢。哺乳仔猪早期补铁，不仅能促进仔猪的生长发育，而且显著提高仔猪的成活率，增加经济效益。本试验是在湖北、天津、黑龙江、河南共４个省市中，选择科研基础好的猪场作为试区，研究不同补铁剂对哺乳仔猪平均日增重的影响，及补铁后（即１３日龄）血红蛋白含量变化。１　材料与方法１．１　供试药物补铁王－１００：江西民星企业集团兽药厂生产，批号为（９４）×００１００１，每毫…     

仔猪缺铁性贫血与补铁

仔猪缺铁性贫血是一种常见的仔猪营养性疾病。一旦发生该病,仔猪就会出现精神不振、呼吸困难、气喘等症状,严重影响仔猪的发育,甚至造成仔猪死亡。1仔猪缺铁性贫血的发生原因铁是构成血红蛋白的重要物质,仔猪出生时体内含铁量约为25～50mg,由于仔猪阶段的生长速度极快(20日龄时可达出生体重的4～5倍),每天维持其正常生长代谢需铁7～15mg。而哺乳仔猪每天从母乳中获得的铁仅够维持其3～5天的生长代谢需要,如果不及时补铁,就会造成仔猪的缺铁性贫血。 2如何给仔猪补铁通常认为,对仔猪在3～4日龄进行一次大剂量补铁(150～200mg/头),…     

仔猪二次补铁保健方案

铁是机体维持正常生命活动的重要元素之一,参与机体的多种代谢过程,铁代谢异常会引发机体多种疾病的发生。仔猪因其生理特殊性,补铁保健是哺乳仔猪健康管理必不可少的方法之一。目前,国内大部分猪场用于仔猪的补铁保健方案,仍为几十年前提出的一次注射补铁剂100~150 mg,已不适用于现代仔猪生长需求,文内将就仔猪补铁的时间、剂量、次数进行简要阐述,谈谈如何科学有效地进行仔猪补铁保健。     

母猪日粮添加蔗糖铁对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验在母猪日粮中添加蔗糖铁,研究对哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响。试验结果表明:在母猪日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg蔗糖铁,可以显著提高母乳中铁含量(P≤0.05);提高哺乳仔猪的平均初生重、21日龄断奶重和平均日增重(P≤0.05);降低哺乳仔猪的腹泻率和死亡率(P>0.05)。开发蔗糖铁作为新型补铁剂对养殖生产具有重要的应用价值。     

仔猪补铁制剂的对比试验报告

<正>为了提高仔猪成活率和断奶体重,出生后两周龄内补铁制剂可发挥更大作用,2012年5月在吉林省农安县某规模猪场对两种仔猪补铁制剂进行了对比试验。现将报告如下,供养猪朋友参考。1试验目的铁是哺乳仔猪生长所必需的矿物质微量元素。出生仔猪不能从母体获得铁,只能从母乳中摄取;但从母乳摄取的铁满足不了哺乳仔猪     

仔猪缺铁性贫血情况调查及危害

补铁是猪场生产管理中例行实施的内容,以便防止哺乳仔猪出现缺铁和贫血。常用补铁标准是第1周之内肌肉注射200?mg的铁。为确定断奶时贫血或铁缺乏症的流行率来调查当前的补铁标准是否足够满足仔猪的需要,并且确定断奶时仔猪体内铁状态对断奶后性能的影响,进行了本试验。选择20家猪场且所有猪场在仔猪出生第1周都进行了补铁。每家猪场每窝选择3头小猪,共60头猪进行称重、采集血液检查,3周后再次进行称重和采血分析。设计了统计分析来评估从断奶至断奶3周之后的生产性能。     

仔猪补铁的技术要点

目前很多养猪场及养猪专业户对为什么要给仔猪补铁和怎样补铁,不是很清楚。补铁是为了确保仔猪正常、健康的生长发育。笔者把仔猪补铁技术要点介绍如下,供养猪场(户)参考。1补铁的重要性铁是红细胞必不可少的组成部分,仔猪初生时从母体带来的铁非常有限,只能维持3～5d的生长需要,而母乳不能提供足够的铁来补充仔猪的生长需要。给仔猪补铁可有效地预     

血多素对仔猪的补铁效果

仔猪出生时肝脏铁储备较少;而生长阶段需铁量较多,所以体内的铁不能满足生长发育的需要。因此,早期(生后6～7周)必需注意对仔猪补铁。否则,仔猪易发生贫血,生长减缓,甚至可导致死亡。过去多采用铁、钴合剂,配成溶液,用滴瓶饲喂或涂抹母猪乳头;也可拌入饲料补铁。这些方法麻烦而且效果不太理想。现市场有“血多素”注射液补铁元素。本试验目的就在于验证“血多素”对仔猪补充铁元素的实际效果。试验材料和方法本试验于1987年春季在国营正阳种猪场进行。1、材料在生产群任选哺乳仔猪6窝44头,随机将其分成试验组和对照组。试验     

新生仔猪补铁时的注意事项

1 补铁时间的选择 新生仔猪容易发生缺铁性贫血的原因是由于初生仔猪体内铁贮不足,只有40～50 mg.而哺乳仔猪每天需7～16mg铁,才能保证其较快的生长速度.每头新生仔猪通过母乳每天仅能获得约1 mg铁.所以新生仔猪体内的铁贮仅够维持机体3天的需求量.要保证3天后不发生缺铁性贫血,应在3日龄以内对仔猪进行补铁,否则就会出现缺铁性贫血症.导致仔猪精神不振、食欲减退、生长缓慢,生长较快的仔猪甚者会因缺氧而突然死亡.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.