长期施肥处理对玉米生长期潮土微生物生物量和活度的影响

以1989年建立的中国科学院封丘农田生态系统国家试验站的长期定位试验为平台,研究经18a连续不同施肥处理后玉米季土壤微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的动态变化及其与土壤有机碳之间的相互关系,并探讨施肥措施对土壤微生物及其活性的影响。施肥处理包括:(1)有机肥(OM);(2)1/2化肥和1/2有机肥(1/2OM+1/2NPK);(3)氮磷钾肥(NPK);(4)氮磷肥(NP);(5)磷钾肥(PK);(6)氮钾肥(NK);(7)不施肥,即对照(CK)7个处理。结果表明,微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度在玉米生长期内均有明显的时间变异性,其中微生物生物量碳与微生物活度的动态变化比较一致,其间的极显著相关关系表明潮土微生物生物量碳的变化可以在很大程度上代表土壤微生物活度的变化。施肥制度显著影响微生物生物量碳氮和微生物活度的变化,总体趋势为OM1/2OM+1/2NPKNPKNPPKNKCK,表明OM有利于保持土壤的生物化学环境及促进土壤的生物学活性;与OM处理相比,化学肥料的长期施用有降低土壤微生物生物量和微生物活度的趋势,尤其是缺素处理的表现更为明显,其中以缺磷处理的表现最为严重。土壤微生物生物量碳氮、微生物活度与土壤有机碳变化均呈极显著正相关。     

不同施肥水平及玉米种植对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响

以裸地(不种植作物)和玉米种植的田间小区试验为平台,研究不同施肥水平及玉米种植对土壤微生物生物量碳氮的影响。结果表明,当不施肥时,土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量裸地平均值分别为175.98 mg/kg和26.04 mg/kg,种植玉米小区的平均值分别为161.65 mg/kg和22.70 mg/kg,土壤微生物生物量碳氮低于裸地;而施肥时,裸地的土壤微生物生物量碳氮平均值的变化范围分别为182.27~206.27 mg/kg和27.41~31.22 mg/kg,种植玉米小区的变化范围分别为194.70~235.58 mg/kg和35.76~44.66 mg/kg,土壤微生物生物量碳氮高于裸地,可见土壤碳氮的平衡对于土壤微生物生物量碳氮极为重要。裸地和玉米种植小区土壤微生物生物量碳氮均随着施肥量的增加呈现出先增加后降低的趋势,其施氮水平拐点分别为70 kg/hm2和150kg/hm2,表明施肥水平对土壤微生物生物量碳氮具有显著影响。另外,玉米各生育期间土壤微生物生物量碳氮也存在着显著差异,其中,土壤微生物生物量碳氮含量在拔节期处于最低,变动范围分别为154.46~229.09 mg/kg和18.84~31.44 mg/kg;抽雄期处于最高,变动范围分别为171.71~242.48 mg/kg和30.01~50.54 mg/kg。     

冬季作物对水稻生育期土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响

选取我国南方4种冬季作物黑麦草、紫云英、油菜、马铃薯,以冬闲田作对照,对水稻生育期土壤微生物量碳（SMBC）和土壤微生物量氮（SMBN）的短期内动态变化进行了研究。结果表明,早稻田翻耕前,冬季作物处理土壤SMBC和SMBN与冬闲田存在显著差异(P0.05),黑麦草处理SMBC为398.5 mg/kg,显著高于其他作物;紫云英处理SMBN最高,为97.8 mg/kg。在早稻整个生育期,黑麦草处理SMBC显著高于其他处理,晚稻生长过程中各处理无显著差异。冬季作物对稻田土壤微生物商(MQ)的影响,随着水稻生长发育进程有不同程度的变化,黑麦草处理在早稻整个生育期高于冬闲田。     

施肥措施对黄土旱塬区小麦产量和土壤有机碳积累的影响

利用中国科学院长武农田生态试验站的长期田间试验（1984～2007年）,研究了小麦产量,耕层有机碳变化,评价了土壤管理和气候因素对土壤有机碳（Soil organic C,SOC）变化的影响。研究涉及6个处理:休闲地（F）、不施肥（CK）、有机肥（M）、氮肥（N）、磷肥（NP）和氮、磷、有机肥（NPM）处理。结果表明,施肥可以显著提高作物产量和SOC积累,CK、M、N、NP、NPM处理平均产量依次为1.5、2.6、2.0、3.3、4.0 t/hm2,2007年F、CK、M、N、NP、NPM处理0—20 cm土层SOC积累量依次为-1.09、0.76、8.59、1.02、3.42和9.5 t/hm2。作物产量与SOC含量呈显著的正相关关系（r=0.80）,有机碳输入量与SOC含量相关性更好（r=0.97）,外源有机碳的输入也是提高SOC的重要措施。施肥措施对作物固碳和SOC影响存在显著（P0.05）差异。土壤固碳速率（Y）与SOC输入量（X）符合线性方程Y=0.231X﹣0.0813（r=0.98）。施肥可以提高黄土高原半干旱地区土壤生产力和SOC的积累,且无机肥和有机肥配施效果最佳。     

有机物料输入稻田提高土壤微生物碳氮及可溶性有机碳氮

土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮是土壤碳、氮库中最活跃的组分,是反应土壤被干扰程度的重要灵敏性指标,通过设置相同有机碳施用量下不同有机物料处理的田间试验,研究了有机物料添加下土壤微生物量碳（soil microbial biomass carbon,MBC）、氮（soil microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN）和可溶性有机碳（dissolved organic carbon,DOC）、氮（dissolved organic nitrogen,DON）的变化特征及相互关系。结果表明化肥和生物碳、玉米秸秆、鲜牛粪或松针配施下土壤微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮显著大于不施肥处理（no fertilization,CK）和单施化肥处理,分别比不施肥处理和单施化肥平均高23.52%和12.66%（MBC）、42.68%和24.02%（MBN）、14.70%和9.99%（DOC）、22.32%和21.79%（DON）。化肥和有机物料配施处理中,化肥+鲜牛粪处理的微生物量碳、氮和可溶性有机碳、氮最高,比CK高26.20%（MBC）、49.54%（MBN）、19.29%（DOC）和32.81%（DON）,其次是化肥+生物碳或化肥+玉米秸秆处理,而化肥+松针处理最低。土壤可溶性有机碳质量分数（308.87 mg/kg）小于微生物量碳（474.71 mg/kg）,而可溶性有机氮质量分数（53.07 mg/kg）要大于微生物量氮（34.79 mg/kg）。与不施肥处理相比,化肥和有机物料配施显著降低MBC/MBN和DOC/DON,降低率分别为24.57%和7.71%。MBC和DOC、MBN和DON随着土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon,SOC）、全氮（total nitrogen,TN）的增加呈显著线性增加。MBC、MBN、DOC、DON、DOC+MBC和DON+MBN之间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。从相关程度看,DOC+MBC和DON+MBN较MBC、DOC、MBN、DON更能反映土壤中活性有机碳和氮库的变化,成为评价土壤肥力及质量的更有效指标。结果可为提高洱海流域农田土壤肥力,增强土壤固氮效果,减少土壤中氮素流失,保护洱海水质安全提供科学依据。     

长期培肥对农田黑土土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响

以黑龙江省农科院"黑土肥力与肥效长期定位试验"的农田黑土为研究对象,探讨了长期不同施肥处理对土壤微生物量碳、氮动态变化的影响。研究结果表明,与不施肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥处理相比,化肥配施有机肥能显著增加大豆各生育期土壤微生物量C、N,促进土壤微生物量显著增长,增强了农田黑土土壤有机质、全氮含量,有利于培肥农田黑土。     

长期有机无机肥配施对褐土微生物生物量碳、氮及酶活性的影响

通过对山西省寿阳长期定位试验田0—20 cm和20—40 cm的土壤测定和分析,探讨了长期有机无机肥配施下褐土微生物生物量碳、氮和酶活性的变化以及相关性。结果表明,褐土微生物生物量碳、氮变化基本一致。褐土微生物生物量碳、氮从0—20 cm到20—40 cm土层均呈减少趋势;长期单施高量有机肥、有机无机肥合理配施都能提高褐土微生物生物量碳、氮;不同用量的长期单施化肥处理不能使微生物生物量碳、氮显著增加。脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性从0—20 cm到20—40 cm土层呈减少趋势;长期单施高量有机肥和有机无机肥合理配施可使褐土脲酶及碱性磷酸酶活性增加。脲酶活性随单施化肥量的增加有增加趋势,而碱性磷酸酶活性则呈减小趋势。土壤微生物量碳、氮、土壤酶活性及土壤养分之间的显著相关性表明,微生物生物量碳、氮和土壤酶活性可以判断褐土土壤有机质和N素状况,可作为评价褐土肥力水平和土壤培肥效果的生物学指标,同时也为提高褐土肥力水平和土壤培肥效果提供依据。     

C and N natural abundance of the soil microbial biomass

Stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool in the study of soil organic matter formation. It is often observed that more decomposed soil organic matter is ¹³C, and especially ¹⁵N-enriched relative to fresh litter and recent organic matter. We investigated whether this shift in isotope composition relates to the isotope composition of the microbial biomass, an important source for soil organic matter. We developed a new approach to determine the natural abundance C and N isotope composition of the microbial biomass across a broad range of soil types, vegetation, and climates. We found consistently that the soil microbial biomass was ¹⁵N-enriched relative to the total (3.2 ‰) and extractable N pools (3.7 ‰), and ¹³C-enriched relative to the extractable C pool (2.5 ‰). The microbial biomass was also ¹³C-enriched relative to total C for soils that exhibited a C3-plant signature (1.6 ‰), but ¹³C-depleted for soils with a C4 signature (−1.1 ‰). The latter was probably associated with an increase of annual C3 forbs in C4 grasslands after an extreme drought. These findings are in agreement with the proposed contribution of microbial products to the stabilized soil organic matter and may help explain the shift in isotope composition during soil organic matter formation.     

Effects of organic amendment and herbicide treatment on soil microbial biomass

 The interactive effects of vermi-compost from sewage sludge and either the sulfonylurea herbicide, rimsulfuron, or the imidazolinone herbicide, imazethapyr, on some soil biochemical and microbiological properties were investigated. The herbicides were applied at field and 10-fold field rates. Both herbicides exerted a detrimental effect on soil microbial biomass and its biochemical properties. Even though the effect of both herbicides on soil microbial biomass was not detectable at the field rate, some significant influences on acid and alkaline phosphatase were observed. The higher rate of herbicide application impaired the observed microbial parameters to a greater degree. The detrimental effects seemed to be reduced by organic amendments. Among the studied microbial characteristics, the specific respiration quotient was particularly reliable and sensitive in determining the influence of herbicides on the soil microbial biomass. In this paper a new synthetic index, specific hydrolytic activity (qFDA), for assessing microbial activity in reply to xenobiotic treatments is proposed. Received: 31 May 1999     

不同有机堆肥对土壤性状及微生物生物量的影响

研究不同种类有机堆肥对土壤性状及微生物生物量的短期影响。采用盆栽试验的方式,探讨了施用50 g/kg 的啤酒污泥堆肥(BSC)、 牛粪堆肥(DMC)和菇渣堆肥(SMC)对土壤有机质、 氮磷钾含量、 容重、 持水性、 土壤呼吸及微生物生物量碳、 氮、 磷(SMBC、 SMBN、 SMBP)的影响。结果表明, 与对照相比,施用啤酒污泥、 牛粪和菇渣3种有机堆肥后,土壤中有机质、 全氮、 碱解氮、 有效磷、 速效钾含量显著增加,并且显著降低土壤容重和增大土壤孔隙度（P0.05）;经过1周土壤水分的变化,CK处理的土壤水分消耗率分别是BSC、 DMC和SMC处理的1.26、 1.24、 1.14倍;BSC、 DMC和SMC处理显著提高土壤呼吸（P0.05）,半年后分别与CK相比增加了142.17%、 114.30%、 105.39%;施用啤酒污泥、 牛粪和菇渣3种有机堆肥后显著增加SMBC、 SMBN、 SMBP含量（P0.05）,6个月后,SMBC含量分别是CK 的2.35、 1.84、 1.86倍,SMBN含量分别比 CK 高135.44%、 99.16%、 90.82%,SMBP含量分别是CK 的 2.76、 2.19、 2.04倍。啤酒污泥堆肥含有活性小颗粒对土壤性状和微生物生物量的影响最为明显,其次是牛粪堆肥,菇渣堆肥表现最差。     

长期施肥对黄壤有机碳平衡及玉米产量的影响

基于长期定位试验,以黔中典型黄壤为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析、可持续性指数、稳定性指数等方法对长期定位试验获取的数据进行分析和比较,以探讨长期不同施肥处理对黄壤有机碳含量、有机碳平衡量、玉米产量稳定性、可持续性及其相互关系的影响。结果表明:(1)与施化肥和对照处理相比,施有机肥处理土壤有机碳含量明显升高,按大小排序依次为:MMNPK1/2M+1/2NPK1/4M+3/4NPK;(2)施有机肥处理黄壤有机碳平衡量为正值,且随有机肥施用量增加而增加,相反,施化肥和对照处理均为负值,大小依次为:MNPK、M1/2M+1/2NPK1/4M+3/4NPKNPKNKNPN、CKPK,各处理差异显著;(3)有机肥与化肥配施、有机肥单施及氮磷钾化肥协调施用更有利于提高玉米产量,排序为:MNPK1/4M+3/4NPK、1/2M+1/2NPKNPK、MNPNK、PK、NCK;(4)适量有机肥与化肥配施可提高玉米产量稳定性和可持续性(可持续性指数0.6,变异系数0.3),其中,1/4M+3/4NPK处理玉米产量稳定性和持续性最好;(5)玉米年产量与黄壤有机碳平衡量相关度较高,而玉米可持续性、稳定性则主要受有机碳含量影响。综上,有机肥与化肥配施有利于黄壤有机碳含量提升、玉米维持高产稳产。按适量"减肥"原则,以25%有机肥配施75%氮磷钾化肥效果最佳。     

Impacts of 22-year organic and inorganic N managements on soil organic C fractions in a maize field,northeast China

Impacts of 22-year organic and inorganic N managements on total organic carbon (TOC), water-soluble organic C (WSOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), particulate organic C (POC) and KMnO₄ oxidized organic C (KMnO₄-C) concentrations, C management index (CMI), and C storage in surface soil (0–20 cm) were investigated in a maize (Zea may L.) field experiment, Northeast China. The treatments included, CK: unfertilized control, M: organic manure (135 kg N ha^− 1 year^− 1), N: inorganic N fertilizer (135 kg N ha^− 1 year^− 1) and MN: combination of organic manure (67.5 kg N ha^− 1 year^− 1) and inorganic N fertilizer (67.5 kg N ha^− 1 year^− 1). TOC concentration and C storage were significantly increased under the M and MN treatments, but not under the inorganic N treatment. The organic treatments of M and MN were more effective in increasing WSOC, MBC, POC and KMnO₄-C concentrations and CMI than the N treatment. The M treatment was most effective for sequestrating SOC (10.6 Mg ha^− 1) and showed similar increase in degree of grain yield to the N and MN treatments, therefore it could be the best option for improving soil productivity and C storage in the maize cropping system.     

外加碳、氮对黄绵土有机质矿化与激发效应的影响

应用14C标记的葡萄糖和麦秸,15N标记的(NH4)2SO4和Ca(NO3)2对生黄绵土、菜园黄绵土土壤有机质的矿化与激发效应进行了研究。结果表明,外加有机质,特别是外加易分解的葡萄糖,和外加氮源,特别是外加(NH4)2SO4,对两种黄绵土土壤的有机质矿化与激发效应都有明显的促进作用,土壤有机质的矿化是高肥力菜园黄绵土高于低肥力生黄绵土,而有机质矿化的激发效应却是低肥力生黄绵土高于高肥力菜园黄绵土。外加有机质与外加N同时施入土壤时,外加N对外加有机质的矿化与激发效应同样有明显的促进作用,并发现外加有机质与外加N在促进土壤有机质矿化与激发效应过程中表现出正交互作用。激发效应对土壤肥力的更新和培养有积极作用。     

Nitrogen fertilization increases rhizodeposit incorporation into microbial biomass and reduces soil organic matter losses

Agricultural soils receive large amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen (N), which directly and indirectly affect soil organic matter (SOM) stocks and CO₂ fluxes. However, our current understanding of mechanisms on how N fertilization affects SOM pools of various ages and turnover remains poor. The δ¹³C values of SOM after wheat (C₃)-maize (C₄) vegetation change were used to calculate the contribution of C₄-derived rhizodeposited C (rhizo-C) and C₃-derived SOM pools, i.e., rhizo-C and SOM. Soil (Ap from Haplic Luvisol) sampled from maize rhizosphere was incubated over 56 days with increasing N fertilization (four levels up to 300 kg N ha^?1), and CO₂ efflux and its δ¹³C were measured. Nitrogen fertilization decreased CO₂ efflux by 27–42% as compared to unfertilized soil. This CO₂ decrease was mainly caused by the retardation of SOM (C₃) mineralization. Microbial availability of rhizo-C (released by maize roots within 4 weeks) was about 10 times higher than that of SOM (older than 4 weeks). Microbial biomass and dissolved organic C remained at the same level with increasing N. However, N fertilization increased the relative contribution of rhizo-C to microbial biomass by two to five times and to CO₂ for about two times. This increased contribution of rhizo-C reflects strongly accelerated microbial biomass turnover by N addition. The decomposition rate of rhizo-C was 3.7 times faster than that of SOM, and it increased additionally by 6.5 times under 300 kg N ha^?1 N fertilization. This is the first report estimating the turnover and incorporation of very recent rhizo-C (4 weeks old) into soil C pools and shows that the turnover of rhizo-C was much faster than that of SOM. We conclude that the contribution of rhizo-C to CO₂ and to microbial biomass is highly dependent on N fertilization. Despite acceleration of rhizo-C turnover, the increased N fertilization facilitates C sequestration by decreasing SOM decomposition.     

小麦生长期间施肥后土壤微生物生物量C和P的变化

A pot experiment was carried out with a clay loam in a green house.The results showed that soil microbial biomass C increased with the application of organic manure at the beginning of the experiment and then gradually decreased with declining of the temperature .The soil biomass C increased at the tillering stage when the temperature gradually increased,and rose to the highest value at the anthesis stage,being about 554.9-794.4mg C kg^-1,The applicatio of organic manure resulted in the highest increase in biomass C among the fertiliztion treatments while that of ammonium sulphate gave the lowest At the harvest time the soil biomass C decreased to the presowing level. Like the soil biomass C the amount of biomass P was increased by the incorporation of organic manure and was the highest among the treatments,with the values of the check and ammonium sulphate treatments being the lowest ,Meanwhile,the changing patterns of the C/P ratio of soil microbial biomass at stages of wheat growth are also described.     

不同有机肥源对土壤微生物生物量及花生产量的影响

通过盆栽试验,采用平板计数法和DGGE分析法,研究施用化肥与不同来源的有机肥对土壤微生物生物量及花生产量的影响.结果表明,施肥均显著提高了花生的经济产量与生物产量,其中以施用麸酸有机复混肥处理最高;土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌总量以施用鸡粪处理最高,其他处理差别不大;土壤微生物总DNA提取、PCR扩增及其产物DGGE分析表明,施用各品种有机肥较不施肥与施用化肥促进了土壤某些微生物量的提高,而施用不同有机肥品种促使不同种类微生物量的提高.故不同有机肥源对土壤微生物生物量乃至其多样性特征均产生影响.     

不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤微生物量碳、氮的影响

【目的】 本文利用天津日光温室蔬菜不同施肥模式定位试验,研究了不同施肥模式对设施菜田土壤微生物量碳、氮含量的影响,为设施蔬菜高效施肥和菜田土壤可持续利用提供依据。 【方法】 调查在第 9 茬蔬菜 (秋冬茬芹菜) 和第 10 茬蔬菜 (春茬番茄) 进行。定位试验设 8 个处理,分别为:1) 不施氮;2) 全部施用化肥氮 (4/4CN);3) 3/4 化肥氮 + 1/4 猪粪氮 (3/4CN + 1/4PN);4) 2/4 化肥氮 + 2/4 猪粪氮 (2/4CN + 2/4PN);5) 1/4 化肥氮 + 3/4 猪粪氮( 1/4CN + 3/4PN);6) 2/4 化肥氮 + 1/4 猪粪氮 + 1/4 秸秆氮 (2/4CN + 1/4PN + 1/4SN);7) 2/4 化肥氮 + 2/4 秸秆氮 (2/4CN + 2/4SN);8) 农民习惯施肥 (CF),除不施氮肥和农民习惯施肥外,其余处理为等氮磷钾处理。在不同生育时期,采 0—20 cm 土壤样品,测定土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,并分析其与蔬菜产量之间的关系。 【结果】 两茬蔬菜不同施肥模式土壤微生物量碳、氮含量总体上均随生育期的推进呈先增后降的趋势。芹菜季较高土壤微生物量碳含量出现在定植后 90 d,土壤微生物量氮较高含量出现在定植后 60 d;番茄季分别出现在定植后 20～80 d 和 60 d。芹菜季 5 个有机无机肥料配施模式土壤微生物量碳、氮含量分别在 185.0～514.6 和 34.3～79.1 mg/kg 之间,较化肥(4/4CN)模式平均分别增加 15.1%～81.7% 和 24.5%～100.0%,其中以配施秸秆模式土壤微生物量碳、氮含量相对较高,平均分别增加 62.0%～81.7% 和 81.1%～100.0%;番茄季 5 个有机无机肥料配施模式土壤微生物量碳、氮含量分别在 120.7～338.0 和 25.5～68.8 mg/kg 之间,较 4/4CN 模式平均分别增加 16.9%～86.9% 和 12.2%～109.3%,又以配施秸秆模式土壤微生物量碳、氮含量最高,平均分别增加 61.4%～86.9% 和 78.2%～109.3%。两季蔬菜不同生育期土壤微生物量碳、氮含量与当季蔬菜产量和定位试验开始以来蔬菜总产量之间均呈极显著正相关关系。 【结论】 同等养分投入量下,有机无机肥料配合施用提高土壤微生物量碳、氮的效果显著好于单施化肥,又以化肥配施秸秆效果更佳;土壤微生物量碳、氮含量与设施蔬菜产量之间呈极显著正相关关系。证明有机无机肥配施,特别是配施一定量的秸秆可有效提高土壤微生物量碳、氮含量,维持较高的菜田土壤肥力,有利于设施蔬菜的可持续和高效生产。      

长期稻秆还田对土壤微生物量及C、N动力学的影响

A study was performed on the long-term effect of straw incorporation on soil microbial biomass C contents, C and N dynamics in both Rothamsted and Woburn soils. The results showed that for both soils, the microbial biomass C contents were significantly different among all the treatments, and followed the sequence in treatments of straw chopped and incorporated into 10 cm (CI10) > straw burnt and incorporated into 10 cm (BI10) > straw chopped and incorporated into 20 cm (CI20) > straw burnt and incorporated into 20 cm (BI20). Laboratory incubation of soils showed that the cumulative CO₂ evolution was closely related to the soil microbial biomass C content. Carbon dioxide evolution rates (CO₂-C, μg (g•d)^-1) decreased rapidly in the first two weeks' incubation, then decreased more slowly. The initial K₂SO₄-extractable NH₄-N and NO₃-N contents were low and similar in all the treatments, and all increased gradually with the incubation time. However, net N immobilization was observed in chopped treatments for Rothamsted soils during the first 4 weeks. Nevertheless, more N mineralization occurred in Treatment CI10 than any other treatment at the end of incubation for both soils. The Woburn soils could more easily suffer from the leaching of nitrate because the soils were more permeable and more N was mineralized during the incubation compared to the Rothamsted soils.     

不同碳氮比有机肥对有机农业土壤微生物生物量的影响

有机肥能提高土壤微生物活性, 改善土壤品质。碳氮比是影响有机肥肥效的重要因素。本试验以无肥处理为对照(CK), 设置4个有机肥碳氮比处理(20︰1、15︰1、10︰1、5︰1), 在温室中进行茄子盆栽试验, 定期采集土壤样品, 用熏蒸提取法测定土壤微生物生物量碳(SMBC)、氮(SMBN), 研究等氮条件下不同碳氮比有机肥料对土壤生物活性的影响。试验结果表明, 不同碳氮比的有机肥均能提高土壤的SMBC和SMBN含量, 具体表现为SMBC: 20︰1>10︰1≈15︰1>5︰1>CK, SMBN: 15︰1>10︰1>20︰1>5︰1>CK。SMBC/SMBN的比率反映土壤氮素生物活性, 其值越低, 生物活性越大, 氮素损失越少, 本试验SMBC/SMBN表现为: 15︰1<10︰1<20︰1≈5︰1相似文献