自发气调包装及乙烯吸收剂对樱桃番茄贮藏品质的影响

在20℃条件下对自发气调包装以及自发气调包装 乙烯吸收剂处理对樱桃番茄贮藏保鲜效果进行调查.结果表明,自发气调包装可抑制番茄果实失重,保持较好的外观,同时可减缓樱桃番茄果实可溶性固形物、硬度的下降.乙烯吸收剂可降低包装袋内乙烯浓度,延缓果实衰老.但自发气调及乙烯吸收剂对樱桃番茄总酸和VC含量的保持效果不明显.     

联合气调包装贮藏对樱桃保鲜效果的影响

采用冷藏条件下联合自发气调包装(CMP)方式贮藏樱桃进行了调查研究,结果表明,贮藏10天樱桃的呼吸强度为4.1 mgCO2/kg·h左右,腐烂率基本控制在10%以内.与纯冷藏相比,联合气调包装保鲜方式可以有效地降低采后樱桃的呼吸强度与腐烂率,有效地保持了采后樱桃的硬度,提高其耐贮性,经济效益显著.     

常温下不同气体包装处理对薄皮核桃贮藏品质的影响

以新疆阿克苏＂温185＂干制薄皮核桃为试材,研究五种气体包装处理（通气性包装、真空包装、二氧化碳气体包装、氮气包装、自发气调包装（MAP））对常温（20～25℃）条件下贮藏350 d核桃主要品质指标的影响。结果表明,在五种包装处理中,以CO2充气包装的处理效果最好,可延缓薄皮核桃果仁含水率的下降和酸价与过氧化值的升高,并可降低壳裂率,但果仁表皮的单宁含量较低,各气体包装处理对核桃油脂的皂化价和碘价均无显著影响。     

1-MCP、乙烯吸收剂以及MAP处理对“新红星”苹果冷藏和货架期品质的影响

对“新红星”苹果进行1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）、自发气调包装（MAP）与乙烯吸收剂（EA）处理,然后于0 ℃下冷藏,研究不同处理在冷藏270 d后20 ℃货架期果实品质的差异。结果表明：贮后货架期间,“新红星”苹果果实硬度和可滴定酸含量下降,可溶性固形物含量无明显变化,虎皮病增多;MAP包装与1-MCP+EA+MAP能较好维持冷藏期间“新红星”苹果果实硬度,同时1-MCP+EA明显降低了冷藏期间虎皮病病情指数、显著降低了果实乙烯释放量和呼吸速率,并且抑制果皮α-法尼烯及共轭三烯的生成。综合分析认为,1-MCP+EA+MAP处理能较好维持"新红星"苹果冷藏和货架期间的品质,并能显著控制果实虎皮病的发生。     

聚乙烯膜包装对磨盘柿贮藏品质的影响

以不同厚度(20、30、50μm)的聚乙烯(PE)保鲜膜和打孔聚乙烯膜(20μm)包装磨盘柿,以裸放柿子为对照,在(0±0.5)℃下对磨盘柿进行贮藏,通过测定柿果的VC含量、可溶性糖含量、丙二醛含量、果肉组织相对电导率和果肉硬度的变化和对外观品质的分析,研究自发气调包装对磨盘柿的保鲜效果。结果表明,自发气调包装可保持磨盘柿较高的VC和可溶性糖含量,显著抑制果肉丙二醛含量和果肉组织相对电导率的上升,减缓硬度下降速率,减少失水起皱和病斑的发生,抑制果肉、果皮色泽加深和褐变程度。自发气调包装对磨盘柿有显著的保鲜效果。50μm厚的聚乙烯保鲜膜包装袋内氧气含量为14%±1.1%,二氧化碳含量为5.5%±0.3%,袋内磨盘柿的VC含量、果肉硬度显著高于其他包装(P0.05),丙二醛含量显著低于其他包装(P0.05),果皮不起皱、无病斑、无褐变,但可溶性糖低于其他包装。因此,50μm厚的聚乙烯保鲜膜包装具有显著的自发气调保鲜效果。     

‘秋月梨’采后生理特性与薄膜包装保鲜技术研究

为探讨‘秋月梨’采后生理特性和保鲜技术,测定（20±1）℃常温下果实呼吸强度和乙烯释放速率,并设计了自发气调包装（MAP）、MAP 与1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）结合（MAP+1-MCP）处理后于常温贮藏12 d,以及在逐步降温冷藏和直接冷藏两种降温方式下,开展MAP、MAP+1-MCP、MAP 与乙烯吸收剂（EA）结合（MAP+EA）处理后,进行（0±0.5）℃低温贮藏210 d,继续常温货架7 d,定期测定指标。结果表明：常温贮藏期间,‘秋月梨’呼吸跃变高峰不明显,乙烯释放速率很低,在24 d 时出现高峰,推测‘秋月梨’为非典型呼吸跃变型果实。常温贮藏试验表明,MAP 和MAP+1-MCP 处理均可有效延缓‘秋月梨’果实硬度下降,抑制可溶性固形物含量（SSC）升高。低温贮藏试验表明,与MAP 单一处理相比,两种降温方式下,MAP+EA 处理均可降低果实的裂皮指数,但对果实品质、腐烂率、果心褐变指数和果肉褐变率无显著影响;直接冷藏时,MAP+1-MCP 处理可明显抑制冷藏期间果实裂皮,减少货架期间果实腐烂率,但逐步降温方式会增加冷藏和货架期果心褐变指数和冷藏期果肉褐变率。因此认为,‘秋月梨’长期冷藏时,应采用1-MCP 处理后直接入库冷藏。     

自发气调包装对阿巴特梨冷藏效果影响的研究

冷藏条件下,采用0．02mm厚的聚乙烯袋（PE）薄膜和0．04mm厚的低密度聚氯乙烯（PVC）薄膜为包装材料贮藏阿巴特梨,研究了自发气调包装（MAP）对果实生理变化的影响。结果表明：MAP贮藏可有效抑制阿巴特梨果实乙烯释放量和呼吸强度,抑制果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量下降,延缓果实的衰老进程,降低果实的病果率与黑皮指数,MAP对阿巴特梨有较好的保鲜效果。其中,以0．04mm厚的PVC袋包装保鲜效果较好。     

MAP结合1-MCP对“黄冠”梨果实常温贮藏品质的影响

以"黄冠"梨为试材,研究自发气调包装(MAP)结合1-MCP处理(MAP+1-MCP)对"黄冠"梨在常温包装3 d后货架7 d时品质的影响。结果表明,MAP结合1-MCP处理较未包装(CK)和MAP处理可显著抑制"黄冠"梨果实乙烯释放与果心褐变,保持果实较好的硬度、色泽、可滴定酸及VC含量,但对可溶性固形物含量无显著影响。上述研究表明,MAP结合1-MCP处理能够延缓常温下"黄冠"梨果实的衰老,保持良好的果实品质。     

硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇贮藏品质的影响

为了提高茶树菇的贮藏品质,通过采用硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装对茶树菇进行贮藏,研究硅窗气调包装与普通气调包装的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、可溶性果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量、游离氨基酸含量和粗纤维含量的变化情况。结果表明：与普通气调包装相比,硅窗气调包装贮藏的茶树菇总糖含量、原果胶含量、蛋白质含量及总氨基酸含量下降较慢,而粗纤维含量、可溶性果胶含量及游离氨基酸含量增加较少。由此得出,硅窗气调包装是一种贮藏茶树菇比较好的方法,用这一方法贮藏的茶树菇保持了较多的糖类和蛋白质,保持了较好的口感和相应的脆度,具有更好的贮藏品质。     

不同保鲜方法对新疆木纳格葡萄贮藏效果的影响

以新疆木纳格葡萄为试材,研究和田地区常规贮藏方法(悬挂式贮藏和纸箱包装冷藏)和自发气调(MA)贮藏方法(PVC或PE膜包装+保鲜剂冷藏)的保鲜效果。结果表明,采后木纳格葡萄采用PVC或PE保鲜包装+保鲜剂冷藏,能够有效抑制果实贮藏期间可溶性固形物和水分含量的下降,保持果梗的绿色,显著抑制腐烂与脱粒现象的发生,在(0±0.5)℃条件下,贮藏90 d的好果率可达95%左右,脱粒率<6%,保鲜效果极显著(P<0.01)好于和田地区的常规贮藏方法。     

冷等离子体结合气调包装对杨梅贮藏品质的影响

以云南东魁鲜杨梅为试验材料,以未进行冷等离子体处理和气调包装处理的杨梅果实为对照,分别采用单独冷等离子体、单独气调包装及冷等离子体结合气调对杨梅进行处理,探究冷等离子体结合气调包装处理对杨梅贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体结合气调包装处理可显著降低杨梅果实初始菌落数,贮藏期间能较好地抑制菌落总数的增长,对杨梅色泽无明显影响,能显著延缓可溶性固形物含量的下降,保持较高的好果率;其还可抑制杨梅超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的下降,延缓果实的氧化损伤和品质劣变;冷等离子体结合气调包装处理时,冷等离子体处理时间越长,保鲜效果越好。该研究可为杨梅的贮藏保鲜提供理论参考。     

不同薄膜包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响

在4℃低温条件下,选用厚度为0.04mm的PE薄膜,采用4种包装方式（开口包装、无孔密封包装、直径1mm微孔密封包装和直径5mm大孔密封包装）,研究了不同包装方式对青花菜贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,4种包装方式均能在一定程度上防止营养成分的降解,延缓采后青花菜衰老,提高其商品价值。但综合外观和营养品质分析来看,MAP包装方式的贮藏效果由高到低分别为：无孔MAP密封包装>小孔MAP密封包装>大孔MAP密封包装>开口包装。     

Effect of active modified atmosphere packaging with different initial gas compositions on nutritional compounds of shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes)

The effect of active modified atmosphere packaging with different initial gas compositions on fresh shiitake mushrooms was investigated. Shiitake mushrooms were packaged under each of the following conditions: (1) high oxygen packaging (HOP), 100% oxygen initially; (2) medium oxygen packaging (MOP), 50% O₂ and balanced with N₂ initially; (3) low oxygen packaging (LOP), 3% O₂/5% CO₂, balanced with N₂ initially. Passive modified atmosphere packaging with air inside initially (AIR) was used as the control treatment. All the packaged samples were stored at 10 °C with 90% RH for 7 days. During storage, gas compositions, electrolyte leakage, crude water-soluble polysaccharides, total phenolic content and free amino acid content were determined. The results showed that ethanol release was high in LOP and AIR but retarded in MOP and HOP. No packaging could prevent the decrease in polysaccharide content decreasing. Both the active and passive modified atmosphere packaging maintained the color and integrity of the mushrooms. The active modified atmosphere packaging had a significant effect on the increase of total phenolic content and total amount of free amino acids. LOP had a harmful impact on mushrooms with high levels of electrolyte leakage. In conclusion, HOP and MOP had a better effect on maintaining the nutritional compounds of shiitake mushrooms.     

Effect of temperature on shelf life and microbial population of lightly processed cactus pear fruit

The possibility of using cactus pear fruit (Opuntia ficus indica Mill, cv. Gialla) to produce ready-to-eat fruit was investigated. Changes in sensory quality and proliferation of spoilage microorganisms on lightly processed and packaged fruit as a function of storage temperature and modified atmosphere packaging were measured. The shelf life of the samples was kinetically modelled in order to check the effects of storage temperature and to assess the most relevant microbial indices for the product quality. Minimally processed cactus pear fruit had longer shelf life at 4 °C than at temperatures recommended for whole fruit when these were greater than 4 °C. The packaging of processed cactus pear fruit in modified atmospheres during storage resulted in a homogeneous bacterial population compared to that isolated from fruit stored in air, and favored the growth of Leuconostoc mesenteroides. Our results suggest that mathematical modelling might allow the industry to use more objective measurements to determine the shelf life of their products.     

基于自发气调技术的东魁杨梅保鲜贮运冷链体系的构建

从采后商品化处理的角度,结合预冷库预冷、气调保鲜箱产地贮藏、真空包装运输等技术,构建基于自发气调技术的东魁杨梅保鲜贮运冷链体系。试验结果显示,保鲜杨梅若是48 h内能到达消费者,可以在产地气调箱贮藏10 d;若是24 h内能到达消费者,可以在产地气调箱贮藏16 d;就地销售的则可以在产地气调箱贮藏19 d。     

Quality retention of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus florida) by a combination of chemical treatments and modified atmosphere packaging

Three preservation techniques, chemical treatment, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) and low temperature storage were used to improve physico-chemical attributes of oyster mushrooms. Mushrooms were treated with a solution of sorbitol (0.05%, w/v), citric acid (3%, w/v) and CaCl₂ (1%, w/v). Chemically treated mushrooms were packed under two different gas compositions. Physico-chemical, textural and sensory properties of the samples were assessed during storage at 4 °C for 25 d. Chemical treatment of mushrooms followed by modified atmosphere packaging using 10% O₂ and 5% CO₂ provided better retention of quality characteristics and received higher sensory ratings compared to other samples, resulting in a storage life of 25 d. Material with this treatment underwent minimal changes in weight, pH and TSS. Radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol contents were retained at 85 and 91% levels, respectively. Control samples without chemical treatment and with chemical treatment, kept under similar packaging conditions, underwent spoilage after 5 and 15 d, respectively.     

肉及肉制品氧化控制方法研究进展

肉及肉制品的蛋白质氧化和脂肪氧化影响肉制品的品质,控制肉及肉制品氧化的关键在于抑制脂肪和蛋白质自由基链式反应的发生。综述了肉及肉制品在储藏和加工过程中氧化控制方法的研究进展,在肉品的储藏过程中,可通过真空包装、气调包装和活性包装等包装方式,及降低冷藏温度和稳定冻藏温度来减慢肉的氧化进程;在加工过程中,可采用真空滚揉腌制、冷冻干燥等加工技术,及添加天然抗氧化剂和采用蒸煮等烹饪方式来控制氧化程度,从而有效控制肉及肉制品脂肪和蛋白质的氧化。     

梨自发气调保鲜技术研究进展

介绍了自发气调(MA)包装材料的分类及保鲜膜性质对梨自发气调贮藏的影响,综述了梨自发气调贮藏期间品质和生理生化特性的变化以及MA包装结合保鲜剂的使用情况,以期为梨自发气调保鲜技术的深入研究提供参考。     

Effect of storage conditions on chemical and physical characteristics of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.)

This study evaluated the effect of different storage conditions currently used by the industry, on the chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of ‘Tonda Gentile delle Langhe’ hazelnuts, during one year of storage. The traditional method of in-shell preservation in a storage room at ambient temperature was compared with refrigerated storage of shelled nuts at 4 °C and 55% relative humidity, with or without modified atmosphere (1% oxygen, 99% nitrogen). The following parameters were measured: moisture content, lipid content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant capacity of the kernel; acidity and peroxide value of the oil. The kernel resistance to breakage was evaluated by texture analysis using a compression test. The hazelnuts were also evaluated by sensory analysis. The results showed that the acidity and the peroxide value were the most discriminating parameters. After one year of storage, the acidity of hazelnuts stored at ambient temperature (0.47% oleic acid) was higher than the value considered the acceptable limit after storage (0.40% oleic acid), while refrigerated storage maintained a low level of acidity and lipid oxidation, with the best performance in modified atmosphere (0.13% oleic acid; 0.057 O₂ mmol kg⁻¹). Sensory analysis after 12 months also showed differences among the three storage treatments. In-shell storage of hazelnuts at ambient temperature was able to preserve the kernels below threshold limits of acidity and oxidative degradation for up to 8 months, but refrigeration was necessary to maintain high quality for up to one year. The use of modified atmosphere is recommended for long periods of storage.