'99世博园截获三叶斑潜蝇

1999年8月,在'99世博园内日本参展的鲜切花中,我检疫人员从满天星、菊花、小向日葵叶片上先后查获多头斑潜蝇幼虫,经室内饲养羽化成虫并切步鉴定,植物检疫实验所复核为三叶斑潜蝇Lieiomyza trifolii(Burgess).     

为'99昆明世博会把好关服好务

’９９昆明世界园艺博览会（简称世博会）已进入倒计时阶段，５个室内展馆（国际馆、中国馆、人与自然馆、科技馆和大温室）已全部完工，６个专业园（竹园、药草园、瓜果蔬菜园、盆景园、茶园和树木园）已初具规模，国内外室外展区已全面施工，每天有数十个品种、上千株参...     

马铃薯Y病毒CP基因5'端和3'端反向重复结构介导的抗病性研究

 本研究克隆了来源于马铃薯Y病毒坏死株系(PVY^N)外壳蛋白(CP)基因(PVY^N CP)5'端和3'端的反向重复cDNA序列,并构建了植物表达载体pROKⅡ-5'IR和pROKⅡ-3'IR,利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法转化烟草NC89,分别获得166和126株转基因烟草。抗病性试验表明,转化PVY^N CP基因3'端茎50 bp(环50 bp) hpRNA(hairpin RNA)的烟草抗病率达69%,而转化PVY^N CP基因5'端相同片段长度的hpRNA的烟草却全部发病。Southern blot结果表明,转基因植株的抗病性与转基因的拷贝数之间无明显的相关性;Northern blot结果表明,目的片段转录产物的积累量与植株的抗病性呈负相关,证明所获得的抗病性是RNA介导的抗病性。研究结果证明PVY^N CP基因的3'端比5'端更能有效地诱发基因沉默,并且hpRNA茎部的长度可减少到50 bp。该结果为探索利用CP基因的最短长度和有效部位的基因片段来培育多抗病毒转基因植物提供了依据。     

'99昆明世博会植检截获有害生物浅析

历时184天的'99昆明世界园艺博览会已于10月30日落下帷幕.在历时两年半的筹备和半年的展示活动中,有世界上95个国家和国际组织、国内34个省区(包括港、澳、台),近4600批次、700多万株植物入园参展和种植.     

草莓轻型黄边病毒3'末端序列多态性研究

草莓轻型黄边病毒(Strawberry mild yellow edgevirus,SMYEV)是严重危害草莓生产的一种RNA病毒,世界上分布广泛[1].1990年Jelkmann等获得了SMYEV美国分离物MYl8的基因组全序列[2],基因组全长5966nt,包含5个ORF.2003年Thompson等获得了SMYEV德国分离物D74的基因组全序列,发现二者同源性仅为86％[3].随着SMYEV在世界各地广泛传播,SMYEV生物学特性也不断变化,不同分离物在不同草莓病毒指示植物上症状变化多样,这为病毒鉴定、病害防治带来了困难.     

草莓轻型黄边病毒3'末端序列多态性研究

 The 930 bp segment in 3' terminal region of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus(SMYEV) genome was amplified by 3' rapid amplification of cDNA ends(RACE).Ten Chinese isolates were sequenced,and 7 of them were the same.Nucleotide and amino acid identities and phylogenesis were analyzed between Chinese isolates and 24 isolates from other regions of the world.Sequence analysis of the 878 nt stretch within 3' terminal region of SMYEV genome showed that nucleotide acid identities ranged from 79.5% to 100%,deduced amino acid sequences of coat protein gene identity were 86.4% to 100%.Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates of SMYEV fell into four clades.To a certain extent,the clades were related with the geological distribution of SMYEV.Chinese isolates SY01 and SY04 lay in the same clade with European and American isolates,but formed a small separate branch.Isolates SY03 and SY02,derived from Fragaria×ananassa cv.Changhong-2 and F.pentaphylla respectively,had a far relationship with other isolates and fell into one clade.They were likely to be the special isolates that existed only in China.     

甜菜花叶病毒新疆分离物基因组3'末端序列分析

甜菜花叶病毒（Beet mosaic virus，BtMV）属马铃薯Y病毒科、马铃薯Y病毒属，可经多种蚜虫以非持久性方式传播，病毒粒子为弯曲线状，核酸为单分子正义ssRNA。目前只有美国华盛顿分离物的全序列以及斯洛伐克和英国少数几个分离物3’端的部分序列被报道。美国分离物全长9591 nt，3’端具有PolyA尾，编码一个由3086个氨基酸组成的多聚蛋白，与其它Potyvirus病毒一样可切割成10个蛋白，从N到C端依次为P1、HC—Pro、P3、6K1、CI、6K2、NIa—Vpg、NIa～Pro、NIb和CP。对于我国发生的BtMV，1981年Liu等报道了发生于北京地区菠菜上的BtMV，之后研究人员相继报道了黑龙江、内蒙古和新疆等甜菜主产区甜菜花叶病的发生及危害情况，并陆续开展了对BtMV的生物学特性、外壳蛋白分子量测定和氨基酸组分分析、细胞病理学等研究，目前对于我国发生的BtMV的分子结构特征还未见报道。本文报道了甜菜花叶病毒新疆分离物（BtMV—XJ）3’端的核酸序列，并与国外已报道序列进行了比较分析，为从分子水平上明确我国BtMV的分子结构特点、深入研究其编码蛋白的功能打下了基础。     

'99世博会植物病毒种类的调查与鉴定初报

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ、ＥＭ和生物侵染实验,对世博会监管的植物样品进行了病毒种类的调查与鉴定。初步弄清了世博会植物病毒种类和分布发生情况。     

菜豆普通花叶病毒RT-PCR承检测及3'末端序列分析

根据哈尔滨地区豇豆感病植株的症状,初步鉴定感染豇豆的病毒为菜豆普通花叶病毒(Bean common mosaic virus,BCMV).利用马铃薯Y病毒属通用引物扩增出病毒基因组3'末端序列,经BLAST检索表明该病毒为BCMV,将该序列与GenBank上的21个BCMV分离物的3'末端序列进行比较,显示其核苷酸序列与其他分离物的序列同源性为91.7%～97.3%.系统进化分析显示不同分离物可聚为5个类群,并显示出一定的寄主相关性.哈尔滨分离物BCMV-X与2个浙江分离物、1个澳大利亚分离物聚为一支,且该4株分离物的寄主均为豇豆.RNA二级结构分析显示BCMV基因组3'末端非编码区形成4个茎环结构,不同分离物的序列变化并未引起茎环结构的明显变化.     

'99世博会将在昆明举办各项准备工作紧张有序

’９９世博会将在昆明举办各项准备工作紧张有序蒋小龙沐咏民（昆明动植物检疫局６５００３４’９９昆明世界园艺博览会（简称’９９世博会）是中国政府在本世纪末主办的一次大规模的全球性盛会，是由国际展览局（ＢＩＥ）和国际园艺生产者协会（ＡＩＰＨ）批准并经正式注...     

葡萄浆果内坏死病毒侵染的‘贝达'葡萄cDNA文库构建及其利用

 葡萄浆果内坏死病毒(grapevine berry inner necrosis virus, GINV)侵染葡萄可引起葡萄叶片表现明显的褪绿斑驳症状,其致病的分子机制,特别是病毒与寄主互作蛋白的研究尚未见报道。本研究构建了GINV侵染的‘贝达'葡萄叶片的cDNA文库,并以GINV 外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)为诱饵筛选文库中与其互作的寄主因子。本研究构建的cDNA文库库容量达1.6×10⁷,插入片段平均大小在1.0 kb以上,质量符合cDNA文库筛库要求。筛选到了55个候选寄主蛋白与GINV CP在酵母中互作。经测序分析及回转验证,结果确定了17个寄主互作蛋白,其涉及叶绿体相关类蛋白、泛素化相关蛋白、防御相关蛋白等。本研究可为深入研究GINV致病性及其与寄主互作机制提供依据。     

柑橘'不知火’果实上INA细菌的分离鉴定及室内防除

从目前南方发展的优质杂交柑'不知火'所面临的霜冻问题出发,分离、纯化四川盆地'不知火'果实上可能存在的优势冰核活性细菌(ice-nucleation active bacteria,INA).细菌学鉴定和室内防治试验结果表明分离出的9株INA细菌4株为Erwinia ananas,5株为Pseudomonas syringaepvs.,其冰核活性均受温度、菌液浓度及pH值的影响.供试的抗霜素1号、石硫合剂、代森锰锌三种化学药剂对所分离的INA细菌室内防除效果均在90%以上,其中以抗霜素1号防除效果最好.同时,在同一生态条件下的'伏令夏橙'果实上还分离出3株对INA细菌有拮抗作用的拮抗菌.     

编码桔小实蝇抗阿维菌素的GABA受体基因5'端序列片段克隆与分析

室内培育出桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis(Hendel)的敏感品系和抗阿维菌素品系(AvR90),抗性品系对阿维菌素的抗性是敏感品系的113.12倍。克隆出桔小实蝇抗阿维菌素品系和敏感品系中编码GABA受体基因5'端序列1053 bp,发现AvR90品系与敏感品系的该片段的碱基有一个差异(A496T),但其推导的氨基酸相比没有位点发生突变。     

转基因康乃馨两种类黄酮-3',5'-羟化酶基因检测方法的建立

康乃馨（Dianthus caryophyllus L.）是全球贸易量最大的鲜切花之一。转基因康乃馨因颜色新奇、花型丰富、插瓶期长等特点深受消费者喜爱。现有19个转基因康乃馨品系列入全球商业化种植，其中18个品系因转入了类黄酮-3’,5’-羟化酶（flavonoid-3’,5’-hydroxylase,F3’5’H）基因而产生了蓝紫色花瓣的性状。18个品系转入的F3’5’H基因中11个来源于大花三色堇（bp40基因），还有7个来源于矮牵牛（hf1基因）。我国目前没有批准转基因康乃馨进口，更缺乏相关检测方法。建立转基因康乃馨外源基因筛查方法，用以防范转基因康乃馨种苗、鲜切花等非法进入我国显得至关重要。本研究针对转基因康乃馨中最常见的两种不同来源F3’5’H基因，建立了普通PCR和实时荧光PCR检测方法，构建了适于两个基因检测的质粒分子，并将这两种方法应用于进境产品检测。结果表明，建立的bp40基因和hf1基因检测方法均具有特异性，普通PCR方法的检测下限（LOD）可分别达到25拷贝和12.5拷贝，实时荧光PCR方法的LOD均为10拷贝，在进境康乃馨种苗等样品中未检出该基因。综上，本研究建...     

一种侵染滇重楼的Potexvirus病毒分离物分子鉴定及其3'末端序列分析

 从云南武定的滇重楼上得到一个病毒分离物Paris-YN,病毒粒体为弯曲线状。利用RT-PCR扩增获得一条1074bp的片段,序列比较分析发现其与马铃薯X病毒属(Potexvirus)病毒3'末端的结构最为相似,且与属内的白三叶草花叶病毒等20个不同分离物3'末端有36.7%~58.9%的同源性;该病毒cp基因长639个核苷酸,编码212个氨基酸(22.8kDa),与20个Potexvirus病毒分离物的CP氨基酸序列比较发现,Paris-YN与白三叶草花叶病毒的CP氨基酸同源性最高(60.1%)。证据表明,该分离物可能为Potexvirus的新成员,暂命名为重楼X病毒(Paris polyphylla virus X)。     

不同来源的柑橘衰退病毒分离物基因组5'端A、F变异区序列克隆及分析

 柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)组群自然条件下存在株系分化现象。本研究利用RT-PCR技术扩增、克隆了来自我国不同地区的21个柑橘衰退病毒分离物的5'端A、F变异区。通过分析发现,不同来源的各分离物在5'端A、F区存在较大的变异。21个分离物A区序列相似性最低为85.8%,最高可达99.8%,平均为95.9%;与GenBank中9个代表性株系的平均相似性为84.2%。F区序列相似性较A区高,为98.0%;相似性最低为94.3%,最高达99.1%。结果显示不同来源的CTV分离物5'端序列A、F区变异较大。     

Water,land, and energy use efficiencies and financial evaluation of air conditioner cooled greenhouses based on field experiments

High temperature and humidity can be controlled in greenhouses by using mechanical refrigeration cooling system such as air conditioner(AC)in warm and humid regions.This study aims to evaluate the techno-financial aspects of the AC-cooled greenhouse as compared to the evaporative cooled(EV-cooled)greenhouse in winter and summer seasons.Two quonset single-span prototype greenhouses were built in the Agriculture Experiment Station of Sultan Qaboos University,Oman,with dimensions of 6.0 m long and 3.0 m wide.The AC-cooled greenhouse was covered by a rockwool insulated polyethylene plastic sheet and light emitting diodes(LED)lights were used as a source of light,while the EV-cooled greenhouse was covered by a transparent polyethylene sheet and sunlight was used as light source.Three cultivars of high-value lettuce were grown for experimentation.To evaluate the technical efficiency of greenhouse performance,we conducted measures on land use efficiency(LUE),water use efficiency(WUE),gross water use efficiency(GWUE)and energy use efficiency(EUE).Financial analysis was conducted to compare the profitability of both greenhouses.The results showed that the LUE in winter were 10.10 and 14.50 kg/m² for the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses,respectively.However,the values reduced near to 6.80 kg/m² in both greenhouses in summer.The WUE of the AC-cooled greenhouse was higher than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse by 3.8%in winter and 26.8%in summer.The GWUE was used to measure the total yield to the total greenhouse water consumption including irrigation and cooling water;it was higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse than in the EV-cooled greenhouse in both summer and winter seasons by almost 98.0%–99.4%.The EUE in the EV-cooled greenhouse was higher in both seasons.Financial analysis showed that in winter,gross return,net return and benefit-to-cost ratio were better in the EVcooled greenhouse,while in summer,those were higher in the AC-cooled greenhouse.The values of internal rate of return in the AC-and EV-cooled greenhouses were 63.4%and 129.3%,respectively.In both greenhouses,lettuce investment was highly sensitive to changes in price,yield and energy cost.The financial performance of the AC-cooled greenhouse in summer was better than that of the EV-cooled greenhouse and the pattern was opposite in winter.Finally,more studies on the optimum LED light intensity for any particular crop have to be conducted over different growing seasons in order to enhance the yield quantity and quality of crop.     

Identifying water vapor sources of precipitation in forest and grassland in the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains,Central Asia

Identifying water vapor sources in the natural vegetation of the Tianshan Mountains is of significant importance for obtaining greater knowledge about the water cycle, forecasting water resource changes, and dealing with the adverse effects of climate change. In this study, we identified water vapor sources of precipitation and evaluated their effects on precipitation stable isotopes in the north slope of the Tianshan Mountains, China. By utilizing the temporal and spatial distributions of preci...