Effects of Mild Temperature Stress on Grain Quality and Root and Straw Nitrogen Concentration in Malting Barley Cultivars

Abstract It is a challenge to obtain the appropriate protein concentration in cereals for the intended end‐use. This study examined ambient temperature effects on two spring malting barley cultivars (Henley and Tipple) grown in soil or in solution culture with controlled nitrogen supply in daylight chambers with low temperature (day 18 °C, night 12 °C), and high temperature (23 °C/17 °C) to/after anthesis. In soil‐grown plants, high temperature to anthesis resulted in higher grain nitrogen amount (GNA), grain nitrogen concentration (GNC) and straw nitrogen concentration (SNC). In plants grown in solution, high temperature to anthesis resulted in lower GNA and higher GNC. A temperature rise of 1 °C during the growing period in solution cultivation increased GNC, root nitrogen concentration (RNC) and SNC, by 1.20, 1.35 and 0.33 mg g^?1, respectively. In solution culture, GNC was positively correlated with RNC and SNC (P < 0.01). Cv. Henley had higher GNC but lower SNC than cv. Tipple. Cv. Henley was more stable in grain size and cv. Tipple in GNC. The results showed that temperature has a direct effect on GNC. Accounting for temperature fluctuations up to the latest possible nitrogen fertilisation occasion can therefore help when deciding appropriate nitrogen supply for intended end‐use.     

花后营养调控对冬小麦灌浆期物质生产、氮素吸收及再运移的影响

花后营养调控已成为高产超高产冬小麦栽培中抗早衰,增加籽粒重的重要措施之一。为了验证花后不同养分调控策略对高产超高产冬小麦灌浆期物质生产,氮素吸收及再转移的影响,并为高产超高产冬小麦花后养分调控提供理论支撑,在大田试验中,研究了花后1次氮肥调控、4次氮肥调控、喷施磷酸二氢钾处理对小麦籽粒灌浆及氮素再运移的影响。结果表明,在高产栽培条件下,花后无调控处理（对照）的小麦籽粒产量为8.7 t/hm2。即使在高产条件,花后营养调控仍增加籽粒产量,其中花后4次氮肥、一次氮肥处理和花后喷施磷酸二氢钾分别较对照处理提高产量9.9%,8.9%和11.6%。与对照相比,花后营养调控增加了后期干物质与养分积累,促进花前干物质与养分的再转移,增加小麦千粒重,最终提高小麦籽粒产量。综合以上结果,在高产超高产条件,冬小麦花后的氮素管理有利于保证氮素充分供应,结合喷施磷酸二氢钾有助于延缓花后胁迫导致的早衰,改善灌浆过程,可以明显增加小麦籽粒产量。     

Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate and Timing Effect on Bread Wheat Protein in Eastern Canada

Nitrogen management for production of bread quality wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in eastern Canada has received little research attention. An experiment was conducted for 2 years at each of two sites in Québec to study the effect of level and timing of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application on grain protein concentration, protein content per seed, non-protein seed dry matter, grain protein yield and nitrogen harvest index (portion of plant N in the grain) of four hard red spring wheat cultivars known to have potential as bread wheats in eastern Canada. The soil types were Bearbroock clay (fine, mixed, non-acid, frigid, Humaquept) and Ste-Rosalie clay (typic, non-acid, frigid, Humaquept). The experiment was a 4 × 4 × 2 factorial. Four cultivars were used: Columbus, Katepwa, Max and Hege 155–85. In both years 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg Nha⁻¹ were applied either all at seeding or 60 % at seeding and 40 % at heading. Grain protein concentration and grain protein yield increased consistently with increasing N fertilizer and with split N application. Nitrogen harvest index was not increased by increasing applications of N fertilizer. Protein content per seed was more critical in determining grain protein concentration than non-protein seed dry matter content. The western Canadian cultivars Columbus and Katepwa generally had greater grain protein concentration than the European cultivars Max and Hege 155–85, With reasonable N fertility the grain protein concentration of spring wheats grown in eastern Canada are sufficient for bread production.     

Expression of Dwarfing Genes under Nitrogen and Moisture Stress in Wheat (Triticum spp): Dry Matter Partitioning, Root Growth and Leaf Nitrogen

The balance between root and shoot growth is one of the mechanisms used by plants to adapt to a particular environment. This balance is affected by nutrient supply and water availability. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) levels on root and shoot growth and to determine whether there is any correlation between root growth and leaf N in 10 wheat cultivars differing in the presence of the dwarfing genes derived from Norin 10. The study was carried out with two levels of N and water availability in the pots. Before stem elongation, shoot growth was less sensitive to high soil N levels than root growth. Root growth was inhibited by higher soil N concentrations. Leaf N and production of root biomass correlated well in non-stressed plants with low N. Tall types produced higher root biomass and maintained higher leaf N content than dwarf types under different N and water supply levels. The results suggest that shoot and root growth were affected differently by N availability.     

追氮量对不同筋型小麦品种产量及农艺性状的调控效应

试验于2016-2017年在中国农业科学院作物科学研究所北京试验基地进行,以强筋小麦藁优2018和师栾02-1,中筋小麦中麦8号和中麦175,弱筋小麦扬麦22和扬麦15为试验材料,设置拔节期追氮量75、105和135kg/hm²处理,探究追氮量对不同筋型小麦产量及农艺性状的调控效应。播种前底施纯磷135kg/hm²、纯氮105kg/hm²。结果表明,增加追氮量可以促进拔节期两极分化,减少无效分蘖,提高成穗数,其中对强筋小麦的影响大于对中筋和弱筋小麦的影响。在75～135kg/hm²范围内增加追氮量可提高各品种的叶面积指数(LAI),减缓开花到灌浆期间LAI的下降速度,对中筋小麦的效果最明显。小麦株高、穗长和结实小穗数均以追氮量135kg/hm²最高,不孕小穗数则随着追氮量增加显著减少。在追氮量75～135kg/hm²范围内,各筋型小麦品种籽粒产量、成穗数、穗粒数及千粒重均随追氮量的增加而显著提高,以追氮量135kg/hm²最高。     

不同株型小麦干物质积累与分配对氮肥响应的动态分析

为了揭示株型和施氮量对小麦干物质积累与分配动态的影响,通过实施不同株型小麦品种和氮肥处理的田间试验,于主要生育期测定了各处理单株及不同器官干物质积累量,并分别利用Richards和VP方程对其进行拟合。结果表明,适量施氮提高了各株型小麦的干物质平均增长速率(R_a)和最大增长速率(R_max),缩短了各株型小麦到达R_max的时间,延长了各株型小麦的缓增持续期(D₃)。施氮提高了紧凑型矮秆品种矮抗58、松散型品种淮麦17和中间型品种扬麦12的起始生长势(R₀),缩短了上述3种株型小麦的渐增持续期(D₁),降低了其到达R_max时的干物质积累量(W_Rmax),而紧凑型高秆品种宁麦9号的R₀、W_Rmax和D₁与上述3种株型小麦的变化趋势相反。随施氮量的增加,矮抗58和宁麦9号的快增持续期(D₂)呈下降趋势,而淮麦17和扬麦12的D₂以中氮处理(150 kg hm^-2)最低。施氮降低了淮麦17和扬麦12的叶、穗最大分配比例(P_max)以及矮抗58和宁麦9号的茎鞘最大分配比例(P_Smax),但增加了矮抗58和宁麦9号的叶部和穗部P_max以及淮麦17和扬麦12的P_Smax。施氮降低了宁麦9号、淮麦17和扬麦12的叶分配比例最大下降速率及矮抗58和宁麦9号的穗分配比例最大增长速率,而增加了矮抗58的叶分配比例最大下降速率及淮麦17和扬麦12的穗分配比例最大增长速率,但过量施氮抑制了宁麦9号穗分配比例最大增长速率的增加和扬麦12穗分配比例最大增长速率的下降。施氮对各株型小麦茎鞘分配比例最大增长和下降速率(R_Simax和R_Sdmax)的影响无明显规律。因此,在建立高产小麦栽培技术体系时,应充分考虑到不同株型小麦干物质积累和分配动态对施氮量的响应差异。     

春季氮素处理对小麦可溶性糖含量及产量的影响

不同小麦品种对氮素吸收和利用效率不同,为了研究不同小麦品种对氮素吸收和利用的差异,选择目前10个华北平原区推广面积较大的小麦品种为材料,采用随机区组设计试验,于2009-2010年对春季氮素处理对不同小麦品种可溶性糖含量和产量的影响进行研究。结果表明,在拔节期不同施氮处理对不同小麦品种可溶性糖含量影响不大,在开花期不同小麦品种可溶性糖都有较大幅度的提高,并且施氮处理比不施氮处理有更大的提高,不同施氮处理对不同小麦品种产量也有影响,施氮处理的产量比不施氮处理的产量高,其中品种‘中科9818’产量最高。试验表明,春季施氮肥有利于改善小麦生育后期的碳代谢能力从而增加产量,可为小麦氮高效育种和小麦生产合理施用氮肥提供科学依据。     

Traits in Spring Wheat Cultivars Associated with Yield Loss Caused by a Heat Stress Episode after Anthesis

Heat stress resulting from climate change and more frequent weather extremes is expected to negatively affect wheat yield. We evaluated the response of different spring wheat cultivars to a post‐anthesis high temperature episode and studied the relationship between different traits associated with heat tolerance. Fifteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were grown in pots under semifield conditions, and heat stress (35/26 °C) and control treatments (20/12 °C) were applied in growth chambers for 5 days starting 14 days after flowering. The heat stress treatment reduced final yield in all cultivars. Significant variation was observed among cultivars in the reduction in average grain weight and grain dry matter yield under heat stress (up to 36 % and 45 %, respectively). The duration of the grain‐filling period was reduced by 3–12 days by the heat treatment. The reduction in the grain‐filling period was negatively correlated with grain nitrogen yield (r = ?0.60). A positive correlation (r = 0.73) was found between the treatment effect on green leaf area (GLA) and the reduction in yield resulting from heat stress. The amount of stem water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) was not related to treatment effects on grain yield or grain weight. However, the treatment effect on stem WSC remobilization was negatively correlated with reduction in grain‐filling duration due to heat stress (r = ?0.74) and positively with treatment effect on grain N yield (r = 0.52). The results suggest that the effect of the heat treatment on GLA was the trait most associated with yield reduction in all cultivars. These findings suggest the importance of ‘stay green’‐associated traits in plant breeding as well as the need for better modelling of GLA in crop models, especially with respect to brief heat episodes during grain filling. There is in particular a need to model how heat and other stresses, including interacting effects of heat and drought, affect duration of GLA after flowering and how this affects source–sink relations during grain filling.     

Estimation and Partitioning of Nitrogen Fixed by Soybean in Mediterranean Climates

A field study was conducted to estimate the nitrogen fixation by soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], using the A-value and the N-difference methods, and to examine the N partitioning within the plant. The cultivar Clark and its non-nodulating isoline (as reference crop) were grown in a silty clay (Typic Xerothent) soil, in 1991 and 1992. ₁₅N-Labelled fertilizer was surface applied in solution, at rates of 20 and 100 kg N ha⁻¹ to the nodulating and non-nodulating soybean, respectively. Plant samples were taken at full bloom (R2), beginning of seed growth (R5) and physiological maturity (R7). There was little nitrogen fixation at the early growth stages but it increased rapidly during the seed filling period. At R7 nitrogen fixed was estimated by the A-value method as 155 kg N ha_-1 in 1991 and as 240 kg N ha⁻¹ in 1992. The corresponding estimates by the N-difference method were significantly smaller. The seeds had a higher, and the vegetative parts smaller, proportion of fixed nitrogen compared to the whole plant. During the seed filling period, the translocation efficiency for fixed nitrogen was greater (93 % in 1991 and 85 % in 1992) compared to the N derived from soil (75 and 56 %, respectively). It was estimated that, after the harvest of pods, the soil was depleted by a net amount of 121 kg N ha⁻¹ in 1991 and 90 kg N ha⁻¹ in 1992.     

西北旱地冬小麦氮素营养诊断生理指标初探

本文通过田间试验研究了西北旱地主栽的4个冬小麦品种氮素营养诊断生理指标间的关系。结果表明,在拔节期,品种间的硝态氮、铵态氮、酰胺态氮和可溶性蛋白质都达到显著水平。施氮量、籽粒产量与铵态氮、酰胺态氮和可溶性蛋白质有较好的相关性,其中铵态氮和可溶性蛋白质与施氮量、籽粒产量的相关性最好。铵态氮可以反映小麦体内酰胺态氮、可溶性蛋白质的状况,在拔节期可以用铵态氮来代替酰胺态氮、可溶性蛋白质进行诊断。营养生长期间,旗叶铵态氮、酰胺态氮和可溶性蛋白质含量水平高,有利于籽粒产量的提高。但在诊断时应考虑不同品种间存在的差异。不同小麦品种拔节期铵态氮、酰胺态氮和可溶性蛋白质值与施氮量和小麦籽粒产量的相关性高于其他时期,说明了拔节期是进行氮素营养诊断的适宜时期。     

Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Spring Wheat Genotypes under Field and Lysimeter Conditions

Lysimeters and neighbouring fields were used from 1998 to 2000 to assess parameters of N use efficiency of three Swiss spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. An old (Albis), a new (Toronit) and an experimental genotype (L94491) were compared with no and ample (250 kg N ha^?1) N fertilizer supply. N fertilization increased biomass, grain yield and grain N concentration of all genotypes in all years and in both testing systems (field, lysimeters) but only a few genotype × N interactions were observed. Generally, Toronit was superior in producing biomass and grain yield and L94491 in accumulating N in the grain resulting in identical N biomass yields. Albis showed the lowest and Toronit the highest fertilizer recovery, irrespective of the method of calculation (¹⁵N or difference method). The medium yielding L94491 recovered similar amounts of fertilizer N as Toronit, mainly due to the high N concentration in the biomass. The ranking of the genotypes for the investigated traits was similar in both testing systems and results comparable with those reported in the literature, indicating that the lysimeter facility is suitable for investigations of agronomic traits on soil–plant relationships, where a constant recording of the soil properties is required.     

Root Nitrogen Remobilization and Ion Status of Two Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Cultivars in Response to Salinity Stress

In a pot experiment the responses of two alfalfa cultivars differing in salt tolerance were evaluated in terms of root nitrogen remobilization rates (RNRR) and their relationship with the ionic status of the plants. A split‐plot design with factorial treatments in three replications was used. Three levels of salinity stress with electrical conductivities (EC_s) of 1.2, 7 and 12 ds m^?1 were established in irrigation water by using tap water with and without NaCl. The average data taken from plant materials at three defoliations were used for statistical analysis. Each time, plant materials were harvested at the 10 % flowering stage and then 10 days later. From the results observed, it was found that alfalfa shoot growth is highly dependent on RNRR under salinity stress. However, the total N reserves within the roots do not appear to be a limiting factor. The high positive correlation coefficient between shoot K⁺/Na⁺ and RNRR (r = 0.77; P = 0.01) indicates that lower demands for N because of diminished metabolic activities within the shoot sink may have reduced the rates of root N utilization. Unlike in some other species, the shoot K⁺ concentration and contents of alfalfa plants were significantly reduced by increasing salt stress. However, a relatively suitable K⁺/Na⁺ ratio of 7.1 is maintained in the shoots at the second level of salinity, as lowering the rates of salt induced an increase in Na⁺ uptake (Na exclusion). The salt tolerance recognized in the Bami cultivar may be attributed to the 339 % increase in its selectivity rates of K⁺ over Na⁺ in ion transport from the soil to the shoots, as the shoot Na⁺ content did not increase with increasing salt levels.     

Yield Performance of Wheat Isolines with Different Dosages of the Short Arm of Rye Chromosome 1

Translocations of the short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome 1 (1RS) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Pavon 76) are known to increase root biomass. Such an increase enhances water and nutrient uptake and may improve grain yield. Two greenhouse experiments and a field experiment were carried out at the University of California, Riverside, in 2012 and 2013 under well‐watered and terminal drought treatments to evaluate phenotypic characters associated with varying dosages of 1RS, including grain yield. The genotypes used were cultivar Pavon 76 (R₀), Pavon 76/Pavon1RS.1AL (F₁ hybrid) with a single dosage of 1RS (R₁A), Pavon 1RS.1AL with two dosages of 1RS (R₂A), Pavon 1RS.1DL (R₂D) also with two dosages of 1RS and Pavon 1RS.1AL‐1RS.1DL (R₄AD) with four dosages of 1RS. There was a significant positive correlation between number of dosages of 1RS and root biomass. However, no correlation was found between root biomass and grain yield per plant. Drought in the field experiment reduced grain yield significantly. Under well‐watered field conditions, grain yield of R₂A (215.9 g plant^?1) was significantly greater than those of R₂D (191.8 g plant^?1) and R₄AD (161.7 g plant^?1). Also, grain yield of R₄AD was significantly less than those of F₁, Pavon 76 and R₂D under well‐watered conditions. Under drought field conditions, no significant differences were found among the genotypes for grain yield was found between F₁ (14.7 g plant^?1) and R₄AD (12.4 g plant^?1). Harvest index was significantly greater in well‐watered (44.2 %) than in drought (34.6 %) field conditions. On average, genotypes F₁ (42.3 %) and R₂A (40.6 %) had higher harvest index than R₂D (38.3 %) and R₄AD (35.5 %) in the field. Also, Pavon 76 (40.2) and R₂D (38.3) had higher harvest index than R₄AD. Drought tolerance was lowest for R₄AD due to its relatively lower grain yield potential. In general, Pavon 1RS.1AL carrying two dosages of 1RS showed higher grain yield under wet treatments. Pavon 1RS.1AL‐1RS.1DL carrying four dosages of 1RS produced the largest shoot and root biomasses, but the least grain yield.     

不同基因型小麦对低氮胁迫的生物学响应

采用溶液培养法,研究了不同基因型春小麦（加春1、2、4号）根系对低氮胁迫的生物学响应、苗期氮素吸收、分配的基因型差异以及与根系形态之间的相关关系。结果表明,在低氮胁迫下,小麦的根重、根长、根条数、根系总吸收面积与活性吸收面积、根系活力均明显降低,但不同基因型间差异明显,加春2号根系具有较好的形态学与生理     

Daylength,Temperature and Solar Radiation Effects on the Phenology and Yield Formation of Spring Durum Wheat

Future food security will depend on crop adaptation to changing environments. We studied the limitations imposed by daylength, temperature and solar radiation on wheat yield in eight field experiments conducted at contrasting northern latitudes and involving 42 adapted spring durum wheat genotypes of divergent phenology, and reduced or without photoperiod sensitivity. Air temperatures averaged from sowing to anthesis (SA) increased from northern to southern sites, while daylength and minimum temperatures from anthesis to maturity (grain filling, GF) followed the opposite trend, due to differences in the latitude of sites. The site effect explained 96 % of the variation in the number of days SA, which was much smaller in southern sites. Average minimum daily temperatures above 6.9 °C before anthesis and below 10.8 °C during GF accompanied by photoperiods during GF of less than 14.2 h resulted in less than 14 000 kernels m^?2, which was the threshold below which kernel number limited yield. Radiation during GF lower than 1.8 kJ kernel^?1 day^?1 limited kernel weight, which was then a constraint to the achievement of yield potential.     

高氮条件下不同黄瓜品种氮素吸收利用的差异

为了研究高氮条件下黄瓜对氮素吸收利用的特性,以5个黄瓜品种为材料,在高氮地块中研究施氮和不施氮水平下黄瓜品种氮素吸收利用的差异。结果表明：施氮处理中黄瓜品种产量、干物质量及总吸氮量无显著差异,在氮素利用效率上有显著差异;在不施氮处理中黄瓜品种产量、干物质量、总吸氮量及氮素利用效率均有显著差异。相关分析及通径分析表明,土壤高氮情况下不论施肥与否,氮素利用效率对黄瓜产量起主导作用。     

冬小麦叶片氮素时空分布特征及其与籽粒品质的关系

从时间变化、水平和垂直空间分布的角度对冬小麦氮素营养指标进行了分析。结果表明，株型紧凑的普通籽粒蛋白品种“京冬8（JD8）”叶片全氮含量于返青后16 d达最大值，而株型松散的籽粒高蛋白型品种“中优9507（9507）”于返青后8 d达最大值。后期9507叶片全氮含量下降明显，JD8则不同。两品种叶片叶绿素（Chl）含量随时间消     

Root System Size Influences Water‐Nutrient Uptake and Nitrate Leaching Potential in Wheat

Environmental and economic considerations require the effective use of water and nutrients to elevate grain production in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with concomitant reduction in nitrate leaching to minimize contamination of underground water. We determined the effect of the root system on leaching fraction, leachate N concentration, and N, P and K uptake using bread wheat ‘Pavon 76’ and its three near‐isogenic translocation lines: Pavon 1RS.1AL, Pavon 1RS.1BL and Pavon 1RS.1DL. These genotypes were grown in sand‐tube experiments under optimum and low level of nutrients for 2 years. Root, stem and leaves, and grain N, P, and K content, and agronomic characters were measured. Leaching fraction and leachate nitrate concentration were measured at early tillering, booting and early grain filling. Significant main effects for year, nutrient level and genotype were found for the characters. Genotype × N interaction was significant only for root P content. Genotype × year interaction was significant only for plant N content, root P content and plant P content. Genotype × year × N interaction was significant only for root N uptake efficiency. Thus, genotypic means averaged across years and nutrient levels are reported. Low levels of nutrients (1330, 235 and 793 mg vs. 1915, 375 and 1268 mg N, P and K, respectively) reduced mean root biomass, plant biomass and grain yield by 27 %, 25 %, and 19 %, respectively. The translocation lines produced 31–46 % more root biomass, 11–14 % heavier grains and 6–8 % greater grain yield than Pavon 76. Leaching fraction was higher under low level of nutrient at booting and grain filling. Leaching fraction at tillering, booting, and grain filling was 67%, 42% and 25%, respectively. Leaching fraction at early tillering was lower for Pavon 1RS.1AL (39 %) and Pavon 1RS.1DL (40.5 %) than for Pavon 76 (45.3 %). Leachate nitrate concentration was lower for two translocation lines at all three stages of plant growth compared to Pavon 76. The correlation coefficient between plant N content and root biomass, between plant N content and plant biomass, and between grain yield and root biomass was positive and significant. Significant positive correlation was found between root biomass and P and K uptake. Multiple small applications of N fertilizer during early plant growth with adequate irrigation water are recommended. Wheat genotypes with superior root characteristics for efficient nutrient uptake, especially during tillering and booting, should be developed in breeding programmes to increase grain yield and to minimize the nitrate leaching.     

重金属对小麦根干重和在不同培肥 条件下对土壤铵态氮的影响

本文的研究目的在于了解土壤重金属污染对小麦根部生长发育的影响以及在不同培肥条件下土壤重金属的生物活性的变化情况。通过盆栽试验研究了重金属铬、镉和铅三种重金属对小麦根重的影响，利用室内培养试验研究了氮磷化肥、氮磷化肥+低秸、氮磷化肥+中秸、氮磷化肥+高秸、氮磷肥+厩肥、氮磷肥+低秸（休闲田）以及无肥对照区等七种不同培肥条件下重金属铬、镉和铅对土壤铵态氮含量的影响。研究结果表明，重金属铬对小麦的根重影响较大，这三种重金属的复合污染对小麦根重的影响要比单因素条件下的影响要明显；在不同肥料条件下重金属对土壤环境内的铵态氮的影响作用存在差异，氮磷肥料条件下，重金属对土壤铵态氮的抑制作用明显增强；氮磷+低秸（休闲田）条件下，重金属铬、镉与铅对土壤铵态氮的抑制性显著降低，铵态氮总量基本影响较小。通过研究表明，不同培肥条件能够影响土壤重金属的生物活性，可以通过控制土壤培肥条件达到降低土壤重金属生物活性，减轻对重金属污染土壤的程度     

不同基因型小麦对低氮胁迫的生物学响应

采用溶液培养的方法,研究了不同基因型春小麦(加春1、2、4号)根系对低氮胁迫的生物学响应、小麦苗期氮素吸收、分配的基因型差异以及与根系形态之间的相关关系,结果表明,⑴低氮胁迫下小麦的根重、根长、根条数、根系总吸收面积与活跃吸收面积、根系SOD及POD活性、根系活力均明显降低,但不同基因型间的差异明显。低氮胁迫下加春2号小麦根系具有较好的形态学与生理学性状,并向地上部分配了较大比例的氮素,地上部氮累积量占总氮量的百分率比其它两种基因型分别高7.6%和8.2%,氮的利用率也比其它两种基因型高8.0%和9.9%。加春2号比其它两个基因型更能适应低氮环境胁迫。⑵在低氮胁迫下,春小麦根重、根总长度、根系活力、根系总吸收面积及活性吸收面积与总吸氮量呈显著线性相关,而在高氮水平下无相关关系,表明在氮素胁迫条件下,根系形态对氮吸收率起重要作用。