毛皮动物毛绒纤维横切面形态的研究

对几种动物皮毛做横切面并观察形态，讨论了横切面形态观察法的利弊，并推广此种定性方法。结果表明，不同种的动物毛纤维具有独特的裹面形态特征，在内部超微结构上存在着明显的差别。这一结果对各种纤维的鉴别，正确的区分动物的种属，提供了可靠的依据。     

南、北柴胡形态学研究

目的:鉴定药典(2010版)中正品药材南柴胡和北柴胡的性状及显微特征比较,完善药典(2010版)中未收录的南柴胡的形态鉴别特征。方法:本实验通过对南、北柴胡原药材的性状,根横切面及粉末的显微特征进行比较鉴定,明确两种药材的形态鉴别特征并比较两者的不同,完善南柴胡的显微特征。     

公猪的精子发生

目前已能采用大鼠、小白鼠和中国仓鼠精细管的整体标本研究生精上皮的动态。然而,其他哺乳类诸如家兔和绵羊等动物,因难以制作象上述实验动物那样的精细管整体标本,故只能在精细管横切面上研究生精上皮的组成和动态。我们研究了一种制备公猪精细管整体标本的方法。这些精细管的制作和研究与先前在大鼠、小白鼠和中国仓鼠上进行的相同,并参考了 swierstra(1968)关于用睾丸切片研究公猪精子发生的试验报告。     

几种动物肉的正常形态特征及性状异常肉的鉴别

肉品品质检验关系到人民群众的食肉安全,不可忽视.现将几种动物肉的正常形态及异常肉的症状介绍如下.     

毛茛科雄蕊结构的分类学价值

本文采用形态观察及GMA半薄切片法深入研究了毛茛科18属,37种,及5变种的雄蕊形态结构。结果显示雄蕊表面无毛或被非腺毛及腺毛。花丝呈丝状、条状、棒状、长三角形或短柱状,其薄壁组织胞间隙不明显或发达。花药侧面观为∞形、椭圆形、近圆形或条形;幼嫩花药横切面形状变化较大,为V形、Λ形、椭圆形、方形、∞形或蝶形;花粉囊间薄壁细胞排列呈V形、Λ形或直线形。成熟花药的花粉囊间薄壁细胞消失。部分幼嫩时横切面∞形的花药,成熟时变为椭圆形,而蝶形和方形的花药则变为∞形。花药及花丝的特征在属及种内是稳定的,可作为毛茛科属及组的分类学证据。本文完善了毛茛科花形态学研究,为进一步研究毛茛科系统学提供了新的形态学基础。     

动物精子遗传研究进展

动物精子遗传研究是从其形态大小遗传性的研究入手的。动物精子形态主要是受遗传(种、品种及个体)控制的,非遗传因素,如动物年龄、体重、营养状况等的影响较小。动物精子形态性状与其后代的生产力性状有一定的关系。把动物精子形态特征纳入动物早期选种;预估生产力和后裔测定具有一定的实践意义。随着血液、蛋白质多态性的深入研究及其在动物育种上的广泛运用,游离体细胞 (红细胞、精子、卵子)的遗传及其在动物育种上的应用越来越受到人们的高度重视。本文综述最近三十年来精子形态遗传研究进展。     

骆驼科动物的比较生物学特性

对骆驼科的3属6种动物,双峰驼、美洲驼、羊驼、原驼和骆马的地理分布、形态特征、饮食习性、行为学、生殖特性及生存环境等进行了系统的阐述,以期为人们在研究骆驼科动物的生物学特性时提供参考.     

动物疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗的研究进展

疱疹病毒是一类具有相同形态和较大囊膜的双链DNA病毒,它不仅能引起原发性感染,还能引起潜伏性感染和复发性感染.此外,某些疱疹病毒是哺乳动物和禽类等动物肿瘤的病原因子,因此防制此病毒病不容忽视.疫苗的免疫接种是预防、控制该病毒病的主要手段.文章在简单介绍动物疱疹病毒常规疫苗的基础上对动物疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗进行了综述,并对动物疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗今后的发展方向进行了总结,以期为动物疱疹病毒基因工程疫苗的深入研究提供借鉴.     

中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草解剖结构的扫描电镜观察

运用扫描电镜观察了中间偃麦草Elytrigia intermedia和长穗偃麦草E. elongata的根、茎、叶以及根茎的形态解剖结构,结果显示：2种植物的根形态均由表皮、皮层和中柱组成,表皮着生大量根毛,内皮层细胞壁5面加厚,在横切面上呈马蹄形;茎与根茎的维管束分内外两圈分布,中央有髓腔;叶片形态由表皮、叶肉和叶脉3部分构成,表皮细胞包括长细胞、附属物、气孔器细胞和泡状细胞。中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草的叶片表皮微形态上存在显著差异,其中长穗偃麦草叶脉上分布3～4列乳突,而中间偃麦草叶脉上则分布3～4列刺毛,另外在根皮层细胞中发现了发达的类似通气组织的结构,产生原因亟待进一步研究。     

鱼类剥制标本制作的新技术

剥制标本是再现动物前死亡形象的一门工艺,实际上就是利用工艺和材料将死去动物的皮张进行加工处理后,重新对其进行填充并整形,重塑它们活着时的形态,既让它们栩栩如生,同时又能永久保存.     

穿山甲心脏的组织结构研究

探讨野生穿山甲心脏的组织结构及特征,以便为其人工驯养和理论研究提供依据。取野生穿山甲心脏制成石蜡组织切片,进行显微观察和摄影,研究其组织结构和特征。结果表明:穿山甲的心肌纤维较长,而分支相对较少;心肌纤维间的间隙较小,肌肉组织结构相对紧密。     

不同遗传型鸡肌纤维超微结构的研究

电镜观察红宝鸡,苏北地方鸡及杂种鸡肌纤维超微结构表明,不同遗传型肌原纤维在直径、肌节长度、Ⅰ带、A带长度不仅存在差异,而且在肌原纤维间肌质、线粒体、肌糖元、脂肪滴含量亦存在差异。分析表明,鸡肌纤维的超徼结构与鸡生长速度,肉质有密切关系。     

Simultaneous histochemical determination of three fiber types in single sections of ovine, bovine and porcine skeletal muscle

Classification of muscle fiber types involves tedious comparisons of serial muscle tissue sections. Procedures that would incorporate pertinent histochemical properties into one simplified assay for the successful differentiation and determination of fiber types were evaluated using muscle samples from three different species (ovine, bovine and porcine). For ovine and porcine muscle tissue, the best staining procedure involved initial preincubation of the tissue section at 4.35 (for ovine) and 4.30 (for porcine) followed by incubating for succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, then staining for myofibrillar adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity after an acid preincubation and, finally, counterstaining with hematoxylin. For bovine muscle tissue, the procedure involves first incubating for SDH activity, after which the section is incubated at pH 4.15 and then stained for myofibrillar ATPase activity after an acid preincubation, with a concluding counterstaining using hematoxylin. These procedures permit successful differentiation and identification of three fiber types (beta R, alpha R and alpha W) from a single section of muscle tissue with approximately a 65% saving in time and materials. The results of histochemically typing muscle fibers in a single tissue section stained with these techniques were similar to those obtained with the traditional methods comparing serial sections.     

辽宁庄河奶山羊“腰麻痹病”病原学及病理形态学研究

5例自然感染“腰麻痹病”奶山羊的病灶均局限在脑脊髓系统,其中1例脊髓腔中发现1条活泼的指状腹腔丝虫幼虫,在另一例脊髓实质病变部发现了与指状腹腔丝虫断面相似的虫体断面.各例病变性质均属虫伤性液化坏死性非化脓性脑脊髓炎变化.由此认为,指状腹腔丝虫幼虫是本病的病原.病灶的超微结构观察表明,病变无特异性,主要呈退行性病理变化:神经元、神经胶质细胞及细胞器呈严重的细胞病变,有髓神经纤维脱髓鞘,无髓神经纤维变性溶解,神经毡形成坏死性空洞及出血等变化.     

Demonstration of rotavirus antigen in trypsin-digested paraffin tissue sections by immunofluorescence

Trypsin-digested paraffin tissue sections were used to demonstrate rotavirus particles in small intestinal epithelial cells of dirrheic neonatal calves, using direct fluorescent-antibody assay. The results were compared with other techniques to demonstrate rotavirus particles in tissue sections by immunofluorescence. Enzyme treatment of deparaffinized tissue sections gave excellent results with distinct specific fluorescence and minimal background. Prior staining of the tissue section with Mayer's hematoxylin made simultaneous observation of the same tissue section by light and ultraviolet microscopies possible.     

汉沽黑猪和北京黑猪肌肉组织学特性的研究

用冰冻切片测定了汉沽黑猪和北京黑猪背最长肌单位面积内肌纤维所占比例、单根肌纤维横截面积和肌纤维密度,并与大约克夏猪和长白猪做对照。结果：单根肌纤维横截面积,北京黑猪小于长白猪和大约克夏猪（Ｐ＞００５）;汉沽黑猪接近于长白猪和大约克夏猪;肌纤维密度北京黑猪大于长白猪和大约主克夏猪（Ｐ＜００５）,汉沽黑猪小于大约克夏猪而与长白猪相近;单位面积内肌纤维所占比例从大到小依次为长白猪、大约克夏猪、汉沽黑猪和北京黑猪。用剪纸称量法测定了它们肌肉肌纤维、结缔组织和脂肪组织所占面积比。结果表明：肌肉结缔组织所占面积比,汉沽黑猪明显小于大约克夏猪和长白猪,北京黑猪小于大约克夏猪和长白猪;肌纤维所占面积比汉沽黑猪明显大于大约克夏猪（Ｐ＜００１）和长白猪（Ｐ＜００５）,北京黑猪大于大约克夏猪和长白猪（Ｐ＞００５）;肌肉脂肪组织所占面积比四个猪种间结果相近。     

Three-dimensional structural analysis of mitochondria composing each subtype of fast-twitch muscle fibers in chicken

In a previous study, the three-dimensional structures of mitochondria in type I and type IIb muscle fibers of chicken were analyzed. The study reported differences in the shape of the mitochondria and the distribution of lipid droplets. In this study, we three-dimensionally analyzed mitochondria and lipid droplets of type II muscle fiber subtypes IIa, IIb, and IIc of chicken lateral iliotibial muscle in the same field of view using correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) and array tomography methods. The reconstructed images showed that the mitochondria of type IIa muscle fiber were thick and aligned along the myofibrils, and many lipid droplets were embedded in the mitochondria. The mitochondria of type IIb muscle fibers were intermittent, aligned along the myofibrils, and showed contact between adjacent horizontal mitochondria. No lipid droplets were observed in type IIb muscle fiber. In type IIc muscle fiber, we observed irregularly shaped mitochondria with small diameters aligned along the myofibrils. Lipid droplets not only were embedded in the mitochondria but also existed independently in some cases. The combination of array tomography and CLEM methods enabled three-dimensional electron microscopic observation of mitochondria in different subtypes of type II muscle fibers. The subtypes of type II muscle fibers differed in mitochondrial occupancy and morphology and in lipid droplet distribution, and characteristics that had been demonstrated biochemically were also demonstrated ultrastructurally.     

不同钼铜水平对肉牛纤维物质降解率影响的研究

用4头年龄、体重相近(340±10)kg的装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的利木赞×鲁西黄牛杂交公牛,研究在不同钼、铜水平下饲料纤维物质在瘤胃中的降解率,以及在不同时间点的瘤胃纤维物质消失率。试验采用3×3拉丁方设计。分两期进行。试验结果表明:钼铜水平的高低对纤维物质降解率有极显著的影响。在低钼水平下,添加铜10mg/kg纤维物质降解率最高;高钼水平下,添加25和50mg/kg的铜纤维物质降解率较高,但考虑到经济因素,以添加25mg/kg的铜最为适宜。     

Variation of fiber types in the triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris of horses

The distribution of type-I and type-II fibers in 9 different parts of the musculi triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris was studied to determine whether biopsies from these muscles give reliable information. All 4 investigated muscles were not homogeneous in their fiber-type distribution. Large differences existed among different muscle parts. The percentage of type-I fibers increased toward the deeper and cranial parts of the muscles. In the same zone of the gluteus muscle, differences of 30% were found for type-I fibers. Therefore, results obtained by biopsies of muscles must be interpreted with caution.