山药潜隐病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

<正>0引言山药(Dioscorea oppositifolia L．)是薯蓣科薯蓣属植物,可作为药用或食用材料^[1],广泛分布于全球热带及亚热带地区,在我国河南、山东、江苏、广西和江西等省份都有种植。山药生产中以块茎无性繁殖方式为主,导致病毒病发生严重^[2]。侵染山药的病毒主要包括马铃薯Y病毒属(Potyvirus)^[3]、杆状DNA病毒属(Badnavirus)^[4]、香石竹潜隐病毒属(Carlavirus)^[5]以及蚕豆病毒属(Fabavirus)^[6]的一些病毒。     

凤仙花花叶病的病原鉴定

<正>0引言凤仙花(Impatiens balsamina)为凤仙花科(Balsaminaceae)凤仙花属(Impatiens)一年生草本植物,在我国大部分地区均有分布。栽培过程中凤仙花真菌病害主要有白粉病、褐斑病、炭疽病和立枯病等^[1-2]。有关凤仙花病毒病的报道,如番茄斑萎病毒(tomato spotted wilt virus,TSWV)^[3]、凤仙花坏死斑点病毒(impatiens necrotic spot virus,INSV)^[4]、黄瓜花叶病毒(cucumber mosaic virus,CMV)^[5-6]、烟草花叶病毒(tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)^[7]、番茄花叶病毒(tomato mosaic virus,ToMV)^[8]、长叶车前花叶病毒(ribgrass mosaic virus,RMV)^[9]等均可侵染凤仙花。     

引起花生果腐病的新孢镰刀菌及其生物学特性

<正>0引言花生果腐病(俗称花生烂果病)是一种世界性土传病害,主要导致花生荚果腐烂。近年来花生果腐病在我国山东、河南、河北等花生主产区日趋严重,造成15%以上的减产甚至绝收^[1]。国内外已报道的花生果腐病病原菌有Sclerotium minor^[2]、Neocosmospora vasinfecta^[3,4]、N. striata^[5]、Fusarium sp.^[6]、Pythium myriotylum^[7]和Rhizoctonia solani^[8]。其中,我国不同地域的花生果腐病病原菌有N. vasinfecta^[3,4]、N. striata^[5]、Fusarium sp.^[6]、P. myriotylum^[7]和R. solani^[8]。     

广西地区的桑寄生科植物

 本科植物据资料记载^[1,2],共30属,850种,欧洲、亚洲、北美、南美、澳大利亚均有分布^[3],主要在热带与亚热带;产于我国的有6属、40余种。     

海南海芋叶斑病病原鉴定

<正>海芋(Alocasia odora)又名滴水观音，为天南星科海芋属多年生大型常绿观叶草本植物，主要分布于我国海南、福建、广西等热带和亚热带地区^[1-2],广泛用于城市园林造景工程，也可作为室内观赏植物^[3-4]。海芋常见的病害有叶斑病、枯萎病、基腐病等^[5], 其病原菌分别为海芋链格孢(Alternaria alocasiae)、尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)^[6-7]。     

椰枣叶斑病的病原鉴定

<正>椰枣树(Phoenix dactylifera L.)属多年生棕榈科热带植物，是阿拉伯国家重要的经济和粮食作物，果实被称为“沙漠面包”,具有较高的营养价值^[1-2]。 目前我国对椰枣的研究主要集中于椰枣化学成分分析^[3]、基因表达^[4]、植物组织培养^[5]、逆境胁迫^[6]等领域，对椰枣病害发生及病原菌种类鲜有报道。2020年11月—2021年6月，对海南省椰枣病害发生情况进行调查，     

玉米黄花叶病毒在河南省小麦玉米上的分布及其CP序列分析

<正>0 引言河南省是我国玉米小麦的种植大省,玉米和小麦的种植面积常年保持在3 800千公顷和5 670千公顷以上。玉米黄花叶病毒(maize yellow mosaic virus, MaYMV)是2016年在我国云南省玉米上首次发现的一种新病毒^[1],属于马铃薯卷叶病毒属(polerovirus),能够引起玉米植株叶片黄化、花叶、红叶等症状^[6],之后该病毒在亚洲^[1-2]、非洲^[3-4]、南美洲^[5]等地区禾本科作物上均有发现,     

河南丹参棒孢霉叶斑病病原菌的鉴定

<正>丹参(Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.),又叫活血根，为唇形科(Labiatae)鼠尾草属(Salvia Linn)多年生草本药用植物，干燥根入药，主要用于治疗心脑血管等疾病^[1]。近年来，随着丹参种植规模的扩大，丹参根腐病^[2-3]、枯萎病^[4]和茎基腐^[5]等病害的大规模发生，限制了丹参种植产业的发展。2019—2021年在河南省禹州、     

棉花黄萎病生物防治试验续报

 棉花黄萎病(Verticililum albo-aturm)在我国北部棉区分布很广,为害至烈^[1,4,5]。选育抗病品种并将它繁殖推广须有十年以上的过程,而最后尚有失去抗病力的可能^[1,7]。因此有必耍找寻新的防治途径。     

分离自我国北方玉米叶斑的链格孢和弯孢属真菌

<正>0引言国内由链格孢属(Alternaria)和弯孢属(Curvularia)真菌引起的玉米叶斑病在黑龙江、吉林、河南、海南等地都有报道^[1-8];在青海发生的玉米叶斑病多由Alternaria引起^[9];而在辽宁、内蒙古、北京、河北、山东、陕西和四川等地发生的玉米叶斑病多由Curvularia引起^[6,10-12]。根据多基因序列分析鉴定的种有A. burnsii[3];据rDNA ITS^[4,9]或多基因^[3]鉴定的种有A. alternata、A. tenuissima和Alternaria sp.;     

1981-2010年乌昌地区20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量变化原因分析

选用1981-2010年乌昌（乌鲁木齐-昌吉）地区20 cm蒸发皿蒸发量资料,采用气候趋势法分析其变化趋势,结果表明：30 a间中、高山带蒸发量呈增加趋势,其中高山带增加较明显;平原区、低山带蒸发量以减小趋势为主,其中平原区减小速率最大。四季中大西沟和天池蒸发量均为增加趋势,其中春季和夏季增加较显著,平原区、低山带蒸发量四季均为减小趋势,其中夏季减小最快,其次为春季和秋季,冬季减小趋势较弱。用累积距平法做突变检验,乌昌地区在过去30 a高山带蒸发量在20世纪90年代末发生了快速增加;中、低山带蒸发量突变不明显,平原区大部分站蒸发量80年代末发生突变性减少现象。[JP2]偏相关系数的显著性分析表明,高、中山带蒸发量增加的主导因子是气温升高;低山带蒸发量下降的主导因子是相对湿度增加;而平原区蒸发量减小的主导因子是风速减小。     

新疆哈密石城子河流域水文水资源分析

不同地区的自然地理环境塑造了不同特征的河流,同时,河流的活动也在不断改变着与自身有关的自然环境。我国暖温带干旱区除塔里木河流域的水文特征、水资源及其合理利用有较多的研究外,其余中小河流的研究甚少。哈密石城子河的水文特征基本反映了我国暖温带干旱区众多中小河流域的水文特征。利用石城子河流域水文气象站1956-2001年资料,对该流域径流形成、洪水、泥沙、水质等进行分析,以揭示我国暖温带干旱区中小河流域的基本特征,为科学利用该地带中小河流域水资源提供理论依据。     

四种不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成

为了解浙江省不同种植模式茶园节肢动物的群落组成,于2013—2014年对松阳县4种茶园的节肢动物群落数量、时空格局和茶丛上层益害生物比及其动态进行了调查。结果表明:林间茶园害虫、天敌物种数和总物种数显著大于其它3种茶园;林间茶园天敌个体数最多,丰产茶园害虫个体数和总个体数最多。在垂直分布上,天敌个体数在母穗园、林间茶园中以上层最多,在丰产茶园和两行密植茶园中以中层最多;害虫个体数在丰产茶园、母穗园和林间茶园以中层最多,在两行密植茶园以下层最多,分别占其全株的60%、56%、42%和51%;4种茶园益害个体数比皆以上层最多。在水平分布上,害虫个体数在丰产茶园、两行密植茶园、林间茶园皆以朝北方向最多,分别占其全株的35.0%、26.0%和26.3%;害虫个体数以茶丛内层较多,天敌个体数以外层较多;地上部分林间茶园益害个体数比约是丰产茶园的2倍。表明种植模式可改变群落空间格局和益害比。     

石羊河下游物候季节的水热分配及变化特征

基于物候季节,分析了石羊河下游地区1971-2000年各季节的水热分配状况及多年变化特征。结果表明,石羊河下游物候季节的更迭与气候的季节性演变相吻合,稳定通过物候四季的温度界限分别为春季≥2.9℃,夏季≥19.0℃,秋季<19.0℃,冬季≤4.5℃。水热资源最丰富为物候的夏季,其≥0℃的积温和降水分别占全年的55.8%和62.5%。多年来,温度的四季变化和年际变化具有明显的增加趋势,增长幅度依次为冬季>全年>春季>夏季>秋季。年均温的升高以1986年为突变年,而冬季和春季气温的升高分别以1985年和1991为突变年;降水变化的趋势不明显,年降水的波动形态与夏季基本一致,春季则与夏季相反,有春湿夏干或春干夏湿的趋势。     

奈曼沙地大型土壤动物调查及多样性分析

奈曼沙地大型土壤动物分属 2门、4纲、1 0目。半翅目、鞘翅目为优势类群。不同生境大型土壤动物在群落结构、密度、分布上不同。固定沙地类群多、密度高 ,流动沙地无分布。固定沙地生物量高。半固定沙地较低。从季节动态上看 ,夏季密度最低 ,秋季密度最高。固定沙地群落多样性指数较高 ,半固定沙地较差     

Organochlorine residues in aquatic environments in Iran, 1974.

Organochlorine pesticide residues in various organisms from different aquatic ecosystems in Iran were investigated in spring 1974. DDT levels were high in fish taken from two rivers in southern Iran, whereas low levels were detected in samples obtained from a freshwater lake in the same area. Fish from two of the reservoirs supplying Tehran with potable water contained moderate levels of DDT. The low residue level in pike collected in the Bandar-Pahlavi Mordab in northwest Iran indicates that only a small amount of organochlorine pesticides used in this area enters the pelagic food chain. Sturgeon collected at different places in the Caspian Sea showed similar accumulations of DDT in the muscles and in the eggs. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected only in samples of sediment from the drainage systems in Tehran.     

Occurrence of Proteocephalus percae and P. cernuae in the perch and ruff in northern Finland

The occurrence of two palearctic Proteocephalus species, P. percae and P. cernuae, in the perch and ruff, respectively, was studied in two areas of northern Finland in 1977-1983. In the Bothnian Bay, 243 perch (Perca fluviatilis) and 406 ruff (Gymnocephalus cernuus) were studied, of which 60% and 40%, respectively, were infected, while in Lake Yli-Kitka the prevalences were 10% in 213 perch and 24% in 307 ruff. Higher mean intensities of infection were found in the Bothnian Bay fish than in those from the lake, but no infected fish had as many as 10 worms. Proteocephalus infection in the perch and ruff did not vary significantly according to the length of the fish in either area, except that no P. percae were found in perch smaller than 70 mm in the lake. There was a prominent seasonal variation in the occurrence of P. cernuae in the ruff in both areas, but especially in the lake, where no proteocephalids were found in the ruff in July-October. Overlapping of generations was evident in P. percae in the sea perch, although only by virtue of the lack of mature worms at the end of the summer. Some mature proteocephalids were also found in winter in both fish species in the sea and in the ruff of the lake. The higher mean intensity values in winter, especially in P. cernuae infection in the sea ruff, may be explained partly by the active feeding of the ruff at this time in spite of very low water temperatures. Feeding activity in the perch is lower in the winter, and hence a lower mean intensity of P. percae infection was seen especially in the lake material at that time.     

The occurrence of Altemaria brassicicola, Altemaria brassicae and Leptosphaeria maculans in brassica seed crops in south-east England between 1976 and 1980

Surveys of brassica seed crops in Essex and Suffolk showed that Alternaria spp. occurred in many crops of Brassica oleracea in the years 1977–1980 affecting up to 100% of pods in each year. A. brassicicola was the only species present in 1976 and was the domioant pathogen in succeeding years but A. brassicae increased in frequency from 1977, causing 24% of the pod infections on B. oleracea in 1980. The latter fungus was the dominant species in crops of oilseed rape ( B. napus ), the mean incidence of infected pods increasing from 0.5% in 1977 to 2.9% in 1980. Leptosphaeria maculans was not found in horticultural brassica seed crops in 1976 but occurred abundantly in these crops and in oilseed rape crops in each of the following years.     

Studies on the biology of black mould (Aspergillus niger) on temperate and tropical onions. 1. A comparison of sources of the disease in temperate and tropical field crops

Aspergillus niger colonies were present on 60–90% of the leaves sampled from onion crops grown under hot, tropical conditions (Shambat, Sudan), but only on 21% of leaves in crops grown under temperate conditions (Wellesbourne, UK). The seed stocks used in the Sudan were naturally contaminated with A. niger , whereas the fungus was absent from seed used in the UK. Inoculation of seed with A. niger resulted in an increase in the incidence of the fungus on onion plants (mean 83% of plants with affected leaves) in the field and on bulbs in store in crops grown in the UK. In the UK, A. niger is infrequent in the soil and air, but it is a major component of the soil and air mycoflora in the Sudan. Most of the bulbs grown in Sudan were contaminated with A. niger at harvest because of the high incidence of the fungus in the field.     

1971—2016年河南省夏玉米生长季极端干旱时空特征

选用地表湿润指数,利用1971—2016年气象数据对河南省夏季极端干旱发生的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明：近46 a来,河南省夏季极端干旱发生频数在年均0.08～2.15月之间,总体上呈现微弱的下降趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生次数高于7月和8月。1970s发生频数最多,2000s最少,2010s呈现回升的趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生站次百分比明显高于7月和8月,且6、7月和9月的发生站次百分比在2010s也呈现回升趋势。各年代平均发生频数均以豫南地区最高,近46 a来极端干旱总次数呈现由南向北逐渐递减的分布特征,但6月份发生总次数高值区则主要分布在豫中和豫西地区。全省范围内极端干旱发生存在明显的4~8 a周期变化,2010s极端干旱发生频数和站次百分比均呈回升趋势,应引起夏玉米生产上的关注和重视。