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由于中华寿桃有贪青晚熟的生长特性,因此每年有7%—10%,桃树被冻伤或冻死,给果农造成较大损失。针对这一情况,本人自2001年至2002年采取相应措施,成功地控制了中华寿桃冻害,并使受害程度较轻的植株在一年内恢复树势。现将其关键技术介绍如下。 相似文献
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近几年来,由于气候原因使果树连年不同程度地受到冻害,在本地区尤其是中华寿桃受害最为严重,大幅度地造成果树减产或绝产,甚至大面积树体死亡,给果农造成了不可估量的经济损失。为了更好地总结经验,降低经济损失,现将中华寿桃冻害症状、原因及防治措施介绍如下。1、冻害的类型1.1枝干冻害时期与症状:枝条冻害是中华寿桃受害最常见、最普遍的一种,发生时期一般在休眠期,3~5年生的盛果期树受害比较严重,冻害部位多在距地面20~40cm主干和主 相似文献
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中华寿桃的冻害调查及遭受冻害的临界低温 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
2002年秋,我国北方地区气温较常年明显偏高。12月上旬,山东泰安气温骤降至0℃以下,山西清徐降至0℃~-5℃持续2~3天,两地中华寿桃根颈和主干部位均发生冻害。2003年春节前,山东泰安低温达-18℃,持续2天;山西清徐达-21℃,持续3天,冻害程度进一步加重。由于采取了一系列保护措施,山东泰安基本避免了春季晚霜危害,而山西清徐由于未采取保护措施,冻害更为严重。调查表明,受冻桃树有一定的自然恢复能力;中华寿桃的抗冻能力低于一般桃品种,其受冻的临界低温为-18℃~-19℃。 相似文献
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枣树冻害调查及预防补救措施 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
枣树在天津地区能耐 - 2 5℃的低温 ,但 2 0 0 0年冬至 2 0 0 1年早春在静海地区枣树遭受了历史上罕见的冻害 ,给果树生产带来很大损失。为进一步了解冻害发生的原因及危害情况 ,在 2月初和 3月底 ,对全县 10余个乡镇的 30余万株枣树的冻害进行了调查。1 冻害原因及分析1 1 气象因素 温变大、持续低温时间长 ,是产生冻害的主要原因。今年 1月 6日至 8日 ,全县普降大雪 ,田间积雪厚达 11~ 16cm ,降雪前后气温较高 ,其日最高气温都在 0℃以上 ,降雪融化 ,雪水在树干上积聚 ,使枣树树干细胞吸水 ,同时 ,由于树体温度较高 ,树干周围降雪的… 相似文献
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1品种来源及性状中华寿桃是由莱西市从民间栽培品种引选的一个优质极晚熟桃新品种。该品种果实硕大,平均单果重在250g以上,500g以上果比例可达20%以上,最大果重达1100g。果形近圆形,果面光滑,茸毛极少,果顶圆微尖,梗洼深而狭,缝合线浅而明显,果... 相似文献
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2003年1~2月份,受低温的影响,蒙阴县北部山区桃树普遍发生冻害。调查发现,不同品种、树龄、树势和立地条件下,冻害轻重程度不一。总结了冻害的预防和受冻害树株的补救措施。 相似文献
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Several factors contributing to the successful rooting of stem cuttings of four peach clones and one almond × peach hybrid under intermittent mist were tested. With the almond × peach cross, leaf-bud cuttings were also tested.Severe cutting back of adult peach mother trees in winter favoured rooting of the cuttings, but less severe cutting back induced maximum roots per cutting.For short periods vermiculite was found to be a suitable medium. Sand alone or mixed with vermiculite or gravel gave poor results. Gravel alone or mixed with vermiculite was intermediate. For growing the rooted cuttings for a longer period, a mixture of perlite and peat was very suitable.A period of illumination of 3 h starting at midnight with incandescent light improved rooting of peach cuttings in August and October, but not in June.With cuttings obtained from old fruit-bearing peach trees highest rooting rates were obtained in July, but best root development occurred when rooting was carried out in October. In July rooting rate of basal cuttings was much higher than that of terminal ones. Success with leaf-bud cuttings (including a small branch piece) obtained from young mother trees of the almond × peach hybrid was only achieved at the end of May or in June.Dipping the base of peach cuttings in water before rooting was of advantage with one cultivar rooted in September, but of no advantage with another cultivar rooted in June.When the base of stem cuttings was dipped for a prolonged period in IBA solutions of various concentrations, highest rooting rates were obtained with 25–50 ppm IBA for peaches and with 200 ppm for the almond × peach hybrid. The addition of Phygon XL to this solution was of some advantage for peach cuttings. The concentration inducing maximum root development was higher than that required for maximum rooting and callusing. The optimal IBA concentration for rooting of almond × peach leaf-bud cuttings was 100 ppm.Penetration of the IBA into the leaf-bud cuttings reached a maximum 45 min a after floating them on a 100 ppm solution.Transplanting cuttings which had been rooted under mist was somewhat difficult; however, high rates of survival were obtained with cuttings planted in September which had developed a good root system. 相似文献
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采后玉露桃果实冷害发生与ROP基因的表达调控 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以软溶质玉露桃果实为材料,于8℃、5℃、0℃和LTC(8℃锻炼3d再转到0℃贮藏)下贮藏30d后转至货架(20℃)2d,对各个处理果实的腐烂和冷害程度、果实品质变化规律以及ROP基因的表达模式进行了比较,以探讨ROP基因与低温胁迫的关系。结果表明,经5℃和0℃贮藏30d的玉露桃果实在货架期间褐变加重,经5℃处理的果实褐变最重,经0℃处理果实表现后熟障碍;经8℃贮藏30d以及后续2d货架期的果实不出现冷害症状,但果实腐烂严重;LTC处理果实经冷藏后在货架期后熟正常,且果实冷害和腐烂均被明显抑制。各处理桃果实在采后低温贮藏过程中总可溶性糖和总有机酸质量分数均趋下降,其中5℃处理果实总可溶性糖质量分数下降幅度最大。结合应用EST检索和RT-PCR克隆扩增,分离出桃ROP基因(PpROP)。实时定量PCR结果显示,PpROP在5℃下表达迅速增强,第5天达到高峰,其丰度明显高于其他处理,LTC处理使PpROP表达维持较低水平。 相似文献
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桃果实采后生理生化及冷害研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《果树学报》2017,(9)
桃果实采后极易发生腐败变质现象,低温可延长果实的贮藏保鲜期,但长期的不适低温冷藏易使果实产生木质化、絮败、果肉褐变、果肉变红、糖酸比失调、固有芳香成分丧失或有害挥发性物质生成等品质劣变症状。不同类型桃果实甚至不同品种桃果实的采后品质劣变规律不同,低温的敏感度及冷害的发生时间点、综合表现特征亦有较大差异,其保鲜技术一直是国际上的难题。笔者对果实品质劣变发生的症状进行归纳,并从酶学、分子生物学和蛋白质组学等方面进行了相关机制阐释。建议对不同肉质类型桃采后生理特性和贮运特性进行系统性研究,制定相应的采后品质劣变调控技术,开发高效、安全的保鲜技术并应用于实践,为桃果实采后处理及保鲜贮运技术的应用提供一定的理论支撑。 相似文献