Changes in blood gas and acid-base values of bovine venous blood during storage

The stability of blood gas and acid-base values in bovine venous blood samples (n = 22) stored on ice for 3, 6, 9, or 24 hours was studied. Values studied include pH, PO2 and PCO2 tensions, base excess, standard base excess, bicarbonate concentration, standard bicarbonate concentration, total carbon dioxide content, oxygen saturation, and hemoglobin. The results indicate that, except for PCO2, changes in blood gas and acid-base values during 24 hours of storage and differences between cattle of differing ages, rectal temperatures, and acid-base status were too small to be of clinical significance. Therefore, bovine venous blood samples stored up to 24 hours on ice are of diagnostic utility.     

Effect of storage on measurement of ionized calcium and acid-base variables in equine, bovine, ovine, and canine venous blood.

The stability of blood ionized calcium (Ca2+) and acid-base variables in equine, bovine, ovine, and canine venous blood samples (n = 15, in each group) stored at 4 C for 3, 6, 9, 24, or 48 hours was studied. Variables included blood Ca2+ and standard ionized calcium (Ca2+ corrected to pH 7.4) concentrations, pH, blood carbon dioxide and oxygen tensions, base excess, bicarbonate concentration, and total carbon dioxide content. Results indicate that storage of blood samples at 4 C for up to 48 hours, despite appreciable acid-base changes, is associated with less than 1.5% change in equine, bovine, and ovine blood Ca2+ concentrations. Similar changes were observed in canine blood during the first 9 hours' storage. After 24 and 48 hours' storage, clinically relevant decrease (10.5 and 15.5%) in canine blood Ca2+ concentration was measured. Therefore, Ca2+ concentration in equine, bovine, and ovine venous blood samples stored up to 48 hours, and in canine blood samples stored up to 9 hours at 4 C is of diagnostic use.     

Studies on replicating patterns of bovine sex chromosomes using 5–bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU): I. The frequency of cell division and the length of cell cycle

Prior to the studies on the replicating patterns in bovine sex chromosomes, the frequency of cell division by the autoradiographic method of labeling with ³H-thymidine and the length of the cell cycle by the method of administration of 5–bro-modeoxyuridine (BrdU were examined in the cultured lymphocytes. The number of the cells labeled with ³H-thymidine increased punctually, and they almost attained their maximum number at 72 hours' labeling. In the cells to which BrdU had been added for over 36 hours, many cells passed through the cell cycle 3 times, and in the cells treated from 12 to 24 hours, almost all of the cells passed through the cell cycle two times. In the cells treated within 10 hours, almost none of the cells attained a full cell cycle. These results suggested that the length of the cell cycle in bovine cultured cells is about 12 hours .     

奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的克隆与特性分析

用组织块接种法分离培养奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,进行形态学观察、生长曲线的绘制和核型分析等生物学性状的检测,并进行酪蛋白基因的RT-PCR鉴定。结果显示,体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞生长旺盛,具有典型的上皮细胞形态特征;染色体数目为60;能够正常表达奶牛乳腺上皮细胞的2种特异性酪蛋白基因,即as1-酪蛋白基因和β-酪蛋白基因。表明成功获得了奶牛乳腺上皮细胞克隆。     

Effects of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on bovine peripheral blood neutrophil functions in vitro and in vivo

Effects of recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rboGM-CSF) on bactericidal activity of bovine peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro and in vivo were studied. In in vitro experiment, bovine blood neutrophils were cultured for 9 hr in media containing 0.005, 0.05 or 0.5 microg/ml of rboGM-CSF. Neutrophils treated with rboGM-CSF showed significantly higher luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) than control cells. In in vivo experiment, neutrophils isolated from cows injected 5.0 microg/kg of rboGM-CSF showed significantly higher Nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) reduction value than that from control cows 24 hr post injection. Total leukocyte counts of cows injected rboGM-CSF sharply decreased 6 hr post injection and recovered to normal level 2 days post injection. Body temperature of these cows rose 6 hr post injection and back to normal level at 24 hr post injection. It was suggested that rboGM-CSF enhanced bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ultrastructural and immunologic characteristics of mouse x cattle xenogeneic hybridomas originating from bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle

Nine percent of xenogeneic hybridomas originating from a bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected cow secreted monoclonal IgM antibodies with multispecific reactivity. Similar reactivity was evident in some antibodies with an unusually long (> 50 amino acids) third complementarity-determining region of the heavy chain. Electron microscopy of hybridomas demonstrated the presence of c-type virus particles consistent with polymerase chain reaction detection of BLV env gene. Some hybridomas contained dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and cisternae filled with moderately electron-dense granular substance compatible with plasma cells at presecretory stage. The number of chromosomes in xenogeneic hybridomas corresponded to the sum total of mouse and bovine chromosomes. None of the hybridomas showed polyploidy. The immunochemical and genetic analysis of stable bovine immunoglobulin-secreting xenogeneic hybridomas confirms that BLV infection causes polyclonal B cell activation regardless of antigen specificity. Presence of c-type particles in hybridomas suggests that T cell-derived cytokines are not required for sustained BLV expression.     

Duration of colostral antibodies to bovine leukemia virus by two serologic tests

The duration of detectable colostral antibodies to the glycoprotein antigen of bovine leukemia virus was studied in calves which were born to bovine leukemia virus-infected cows, but showed no serologic evidence of prenatal infection. Colostral antibodies detectable by an agar-gel immunodiffusion test (AGIT) persisted for less than 1 month to 6 months (mean 2.9 months) in the 139 calves examined. Colostral antibodies were detectable 1 to 5 months longer by radioimmunoprecipitation assay than by the AGIT in 22 of the 24 calves studied comparatively. The mean duration of colostral antibodies in those 24 calves was 3.8 months (min-max, 2 to 6 months) for the AGIT and 6.0 months (min-max, 4 to 9 months) for the radioimmunoprecipitation assay.     

Molecular genetic characterization of Robertsonian translocations in cattle

The chromosome fusion of acrocentric chromosomes, known as Robertsonian translocations, are the most common chromosome rearrangement in Bovidae. Cytogenetic studies revealed differences between the centromeres of Robertsonian translocations: the rob(1; 29) is called monocentric, whereas rob(14; 20) is a dicentric chromosome. To analyse the type of fusion, satellite sequences were hybridised to metaphase chromosomes of carriers of rob(1; 29) from different breeds and rob(14; 20) from the Simmental breed. A repeat element of the bovine 1.715 satellite was located in the centromeric regions of all 29 bovine acrocentric chromosomes. No signals were observed on either the X-,Y- or the rob(1; 29) chromosomes. In contrast, all rob(14; 20) chromosomes gave a distinct hybridisation signal. Microsatellite markers in the linkage group, originating from the fusion, revealed a characteristic allele combination for rob(1; 29) in all carriers and were able to confirm the screening of metaphases of 220 daughters of a heterozygote carrier of the rob(1; 29). The results indicate that rob(1; 29) lost parts of both centromeres and that the 1.715 satellite DNA is not necessary for the functioning of the centromere. Furthermore, rob(1; 29) appears to derive from the same mutation and is transmitted according to Mendelian law.     

牛体外受精时老化卵对受精率与染色体异常发生的影响

通过延长体外培养时间得到牛老化卵，对其体外受精率与染色体的异常发生进行了研究，体外受精48h后的受精率，46h培养组与22h和34h培养组之间差异显著（P＜0．05），随着老化时间的延长，受精率及胚胎发育速度明显降低。染色体分析结果表明，46h组的受精卵的染色体异常发生率为61．6％，22h组44．6％，2组之间差异显著（P＜0．05），单倍体（n=31)的发生率也随着老化时间的延长而增加，这些单倍体的性染色体的构成表明，含有X－性染色体的胚的出现率显著高于含有Y－染色体的胚的出现率（P＜0．05）。单倍体的发生是由卵的老化而引起单一配子的孤雌发生，体外培养时间的延长对正常的2倍体的性别无明显影响。     

Comparative genomic hybridization in detection of DNA changes in canine lymphomas

In this study, chromosomal imbalances in tumor tissues (lymphomas) and nucleotide changes in tumor suppressor TP53 were studied in a Bernese Mountain dog bitch and a cross breed bitch. Using comparative genomic hybridization, numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumor growth: in the cross breed bitch, a deletion on the chromosome 9, and duplications on chromosomes 5, 8 and 17 have been found. In the Bernese Mountain Dog bitch, losses on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 27, 29 and gains on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37 and 38 were identified. With the sequencing of the TP53 gene, one silent mutation, transition A/G at position 138 in exon 5 was detected, without changing the amino acid.     

Construction of Eukaryotic Expression Vector of GDF-9 Gene and its Effect on the Expression of Expansion-related Genes in Bovine Cumulus Cells

The objective of the study was to construct the eukaryotic expression vector of bovine GDF-9 gene,and investigate its effect on the expression of expansion-related genes in transfected bovine cumulus cells.Eukaryotic expression vector plasmid pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9 was constructed by insert GDF-9 in the multiple cloning site.pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9 was transfected into bovine cumulus cells by liposome.The expression of GDF-9 gene was detected by Western blotting and the expression of the expansion-related genes in bovine cumulus cells was detected by qRT-PCR.The results showed that GDF-9 could express in transfected bovine cumulus cells and the expression of expansion-related genes PTGS2,PTX3 and HAS2 in transfected bovine cumulus cells were significantly increased (P< 0.05).In a conclusion,the bovine pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9 could effectively transfected into bovine cumulus cells,which could help to study farther functions of the GDF-9 gene.     

GDF-9基因真核表达载体的构建及其对牛卵丘细胞扩展相关基因表达的影响

为构建牛生长分化因子9(GDF-9)基因真核表达载体,观察GDF-9基因真核表达载体转染牛卵丘细胞后对卵丘扩展相关基因表达的影响,试验在质粒pcDNA4 myc-his的多克隆位点插入GDF-9基因构建真核表达载体pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9,用脂质体转染牛卵丘细胞,利用Western blotting检测了GDF-9蛋白的表达量,同时利用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测牛卵丘细胞中卵丘扩展相关基因的表达量.结果发现,转染了pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9的牛卵丘细胞中检测到GDF-9蛋白的表达,且牛卵丘细胞扩展相关基因PTGS2、PTX3和HAS2的表达量显著提高(P< 0.05),表明牛pcDNA4 myc-his-GDF-9可有效地转染到牛卵丘细胞中,该试验结果为进一步研究GDF-9基因的功能奠定了基础.     

Studies on replicating patterns of bovine sex chromosomes using 5-bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU)

The replicating patterns of bovine sex chromosomes were examined using the method of the alternate administration of BrdU and dT throughout the DNA synthesis of the cell cycle. It was clear that two X chromosomes of the female complement behaved in a different replicating patterns and that these differences were markedly shown in the last stage of the S period. The X chromosome of the male behaved in a similar replicating pattern to one of the two female X chromosomes. It was suggested that at the beginning of the S period, the X chromosomes replicated the DNA at the end of the short arm, in the central region, and at the distal region of the long arm. It was clear that the entire Y chromosome replicated in the last S period .     

Somatic cell mapping and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bovine insulin-like growth factor I.

The DNA isolated from cow-hamster hybrid somatic cells segregating bovine chromosomes was analyzed by Southern blotting and hybridization with a heterologous [32P]-labeled porcine cDNA probe encoding insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Thirteen of 25 cow-hamster hybrid cell lines exhibited the bovine-specific IGF-I fragment. Analysis for the retention or loss of bovine IGF-I with markers previously screened against the same panel of hybrid cells revealed a 100% concordance with lactate dehydrogenase B of bovine syntenic group U3 located on bovine chromosome 5. Restriction fragment length analyses of genomic DNA from animals representing five breeds (Angus, Polled Hereford, Simmental, Gelbvieh, and Belgian Blue) and from seven half-sib Angus calves indicated that polymorphisms for the genomic composition of the bovine IGF-I gene may exist in cattle populations.     

Gene mapping in the river buffalo (Bubalus bubalis L.): five syntenic groups

SUMMARY: Forty-five somatic buffalo-hamster hybrid clones were analysed for the presence or absence of PCR products of 10 primers. Five syntenic groups were identified: CGA-D9S1; CD18-D1S4; OXT-PRNP; LDLR-D7S3; BSPN-D14S2. These same syntenic groups were reported to be syntenic in cattle and were assigned to U2 (BTA 9), U10 (BTA 1), U11 (BTA 13), U22 (BTA 7), and U24 (BTA 14), respectively. Based on chromosomal homology between cattle and river buffalo chromosomes, these syntenic groups are expected to be assigned to buffalo chromosomes BBU 10, BBU 1q, BBU 14, BBU 9, and BBU 15, respectively. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Genkartierung beim Flu?büffel (Bubalis bubalis L.): Fünf Synt?niegruppen Fünfundvierzig somatische Büffel-Hamster Hygrid Klone wurden bezüglich An-oder Abwesenheit von PCR Produkten von 10 primern analysiert. Es wurden 5 Synt?niegruppen identifiziert: CGA-D9S1; CD18-D1S4; OXT-PRNP; LDLR-D7S3; BSPN-D14S2. Dieselben Synt?niegruppen wurden in Rindern gfunden und zugeordnet zu U2(BTA 9), U10(BTA 1), U11(BTA 13), U22(BTA 7) und U24(BTA 14). Auf grund chromosomaler Homolgie zwischen beiden Arten sollten die Synt?niegruppen auf den Büffelchromosomen BBU 10, BBU 1q, BBU 14, BBU 9, und BBU 15 liegen.     

促黄体素对牛卵母细胞体外核成熟的影响

为了研究促黄体素(luteinizing hormone,LH)在牛卵母细胞成熟培养体系中的时间依从性,试验通过向牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养的不同时间段添加LH来观察其核成熟的情况。首先用无LH的基础成熟液I和添加LH的成熟液Ⅱ分别培养,在成熟的不同时间点(3、6、9h)用醋酸地衣红染色观察各自的生发泡破裂率。然后在体外成熟培养的不同时间段(0～3、0～6、0～9、0～24h)添加LH,24h后统计各自的第一极体率。结果表明,添加LH组在6h的生发泡破裂率显著低于对照1组(P0.05),24h添加LH组的第一极体率显著高于对照2组(P0.05)。因此,添加LH能延迟牛卵母细胞的核成熟,成熟培养中24h全程添加LH较不添加组能显著提高核成熟率。     

Purification of the ninth component of the bovine complement cascade.

Conditions for purification of the ninth component of bovine complement (C9) were established. The conditions for binding and elution from diethylaminoethyl cellulose and hydroxylapatite were different than for human C9. Serum albumin, a frequent contaminant of bovine C9 preparations, was removed by chromatography on reactive-red agarose. The calculated molecular weight of bovine C9 was 66,000, and reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol affected its migration on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Some preparations of bovine C9 migrated as 2 bands when partially reduced, but extensively reduced preparations had a single band.     

Characterization of a Cell Line Derived from Inconnu

Abstract

Little is known about the diseases of the northern piscivorous salmonid inconnu Stenodus leucichthys (also known as sheefish). Fish health concerns surrounding transport and culture led to initiation of a cell line, now designated INEM-1, from inconnu embryonic tissue, to be used primarily for viral testing of inconnu. Cells were cultured at 16°C in Eagle's modified minimum essential medium with 10% fetal bovine serum. The fibroblastlike cells have now been passaged 57 times. Optimum growth occurs at 20°C, and doubling time is 1.5 d. Good growth also occurred at 16 and 24°C, but 30°C was rapidly lethal. Optimum density was 100,000 cells/ 35-mm-diameter plate, or 11,000 cells/cm². Chromosome analysis revealed a modal number of 76 chromosomes, two more than has been reported for blastulas of inconnu. The karyotype consists of 16 metacentric, 8 submetacentric, and 52 acrocentric chromosomes. Nucleolar organizing regions were identified on one chromosome pair. The INEM-1 cell line is susceptible to infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. No mycoplasmal contamination or indigenous viruses were detected.     

牛乳腺上皮细胞β-酪蛋白的检测及核型分析

本试验用Western-blotting检测奶牛乳腺上皮细胞培养液中的β 酪蛋白，鉴定该细胞的生理功能是否正常；通过分析染色体数目及核型以鉴定体外培养的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞是否发生转化。结果显示：培养液中含有β 酪蛋白，说明该乳腺上皮细胞生理状况良好；染色体数目正常，染色体数目为60，核型与哺乳动物染色体图谱一致，说明该细胞系在体外培养条件下未发生转化。     

山西一例牛病毒性腹泻病例病原分离鉴定及测序分析

为查找引起山西某牛场疑似牛病毒性腹泻病例的病因,对送检的9份牛鼻腔棉拭子样品,经处理后进行了多病原PCR或RT-PCR检测、病原分离、特征性细胞病变观察、效价测定、RT-PCR鉴定及基因测序分析.结果 显示:从9份样品中检出6份BVDV核酸阳性,IBRV、BRSV、BPIV3、支原体均阴性,病料上清接种MDBK细胞进行...