Single chain alkali resistance in hemoglobin Rainier: beta 145 tyrosine-histidine

The mechanism of alkali resistance in hemoglobin Rainier, an adult human hemoglobin variant (beta 145 tyrosinie --> histidinie), has been investigated. Alkali denaturation kinetics, electrophoretic and hybridization study. and ultracentrifuge analysis provided evidence for a monomeric beta Rainiier chain resisting denaturation at alkaline pH. These data provide evidence for a previously unrecognized effect of a single amino acid substitution, that is, the change of the alkali denaturation properties of monomneric chains.     

Extended Oxygen Delivery from the Nerve Hemoglobin of Tellina alternata (Bivalvia)

An oxygen-binding hemoglobin localized in the nerves of Tellina alternata (Bivalvia) required 30 minutes to unload oxygen when excised nerves were exposed to pure nitrogen. Neural excitability under these conditions could be sustained only until deoxygenation of the hemoglobin was complete. When the oxygen-combining function of the hemoglobin was abolished with carbon monoxide, the neural excitability ceased within a few minutes of oxygen removal, a response identical to that of hemoglobinless homologous nerves of other bivalves. These results demonstrate that aerobic activity can be supported by the oxygen stored on hemoglobin in microscopic tissues for a considerable time under anoxic conditions.     

State-to-State Rates for the D + H2(v = 1, j = 1) rarr HD(v', j') + H Reaction: Predictions and Measurements

A fully quantal wavepacket approach to reactive scattering in which the best available H(3) potential energy surface was used enabled a comparison with experimentally determined rates for the D + H(2)(v = 1, j = 1) --> HD(v' = 0, 1, 2; j') + H reaction at significantly higher total energies (1.4 to 2.25 electron volts) than previously possible. The theoretical results are obtained over a sufficient range of conditions that a detailed simulation of the experiment was possible, thus making this a definitive comparison of experiment and theory. Good to excellent agreement is found for the vibrational branching ratios and for the rotational distributions within each product vibrational level. However, the calculated rotational distributions are slightly hotter than the experimentally measured ones. This small discrepancy is more marked for products for which a larger fraction of the total energy appears in translation. The most likely explanation for this behavior is that refinements are needed in the potential energy surface.     

Oxidation of a Polymer Surface with Gas-Phase Singlet (1Dgrg) Oxygen

Singlet molecular oxygen ((1)Delta(g)) produced by the microwave discharge of ground state oxygen in a flow system was passed over a film of cis-polybutadiene. This treatment resulted in the formation, at the surface, of hydroperoxides which were detected by internal reflection infrared spectroscopy.     

Increased Reproductive Effort with Age in the California Gull (Larus californicus)

Comparisons of reproductive behaviors of three age classes of California gulls demonstrate that reproductive effort increases with age in this seabird. These findings contradict the assumption that increased reproductive success with age results from increased experience and social status and demonstrate that selection for increased reproductive effort can occur in long-lived species.     

电位法测定化学耗氧量的研究

本文分别试用PVC膜HCrO_4~-离子电极和铂电极作指示电极研究了直接电位法和自动电位滴定法测定COD的方法及实验条件,并测定了部分纯有机物和水样的COD,其结果与经典的重铬酸钾法基本一致。直接电位法由电子计算机输出结果,该法方进一步改进,用于连续自动监测是可供考虑的方案。自动电位滴定法具有简便、快速、便于推广等优点。     

Amyloid beta protein precursor gene and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis (Dutch)

Human hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis of the Dutch type (HCHWA-D), an autosomal dominant form of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), is characterized by extensive amyloid deposition in the small leptomeningeal arteries and cortical arterioles, which lead to an early death of those afflicted in their fifth or sixth decade. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies have indicated that the amyloid subunit in HCHWA-D is antigenically related to and homologous in sequence with the amyloid beta protein isolated from brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and Down syndrome. The amyloid beta protein is encoded by the amyloid beta protein precursor (APP) gene located on chromosome 21. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms detected by the APP gene were used to examine whether this gene is a candidate for the genetic defect in HCHWA-D. The data indicate that the APP gene is tightly linked to HCHWA-D and therefore, in contrast to familial Alzheimer's disease, cannot be excluded as the site of mutation in HCHWA-D.     

四(4-溴)苯基铂卟啉荧光猝灭氧传感器的研究

研究了以PVC膜为支持体系，以四(4-溴)苯基铂卟啉为敏感物质的荧光猝灭氧传感器对分子氧的响应特性．该氧传感器敏感膜的最大激发波长为402nm，最大发射波长为664nm，分子氧可以有效地猝灭四(4-溴)苯基铂卟啉敏感膜的荧光．在100％N2和100％O2中的荧光强度之比大于40倍；在N2饱和和空气饱和的水中荧光强度之比大于14倍，有较高的灵敏度，其寿命大于3个月。     

Heliacus (Gastropoda: Architectonicidae) symbiotic with Zoanthiniaria (Coelenterata)

Eight species of Heliacus are obligate symbionts with Zoanthus and Palythoa, colonial zoanthid sea anemones. The gastropods live among Zoanthus polyps and under the edges of Palythoa incrustations, on which they feed and to which they and their egg masses are attached with sturdy but elastic mucous threads.     

Amyloid fibrils of the HET-s(218-289) prion form a beta solenoid with a triangular hydrophobic core

Prion and nonprion forms of proteins are believed to differ solely in their three-dimensional structure, which is therefore of paramount importance for the prion function. However, no atomic-resolution structure of the fibrillar state that is likely infectious has been reported to date. We present a structural model based on solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance restraints for amyloid fibrils from the prion-forming domain (residues 218 to 289) of the HET-s protein from the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina. On the basis of 134 intra- and intermolecular experimental distance restraints, we find that HET-s(218-289) forms a left-handed beta solenoid, with each molecule forming two helical windings, a compact hydrophobic core, at least 23 hydrogen bonds, three salt bridges, and two asparagine ladders. The structure is likely to have broad implications for understanding the infectious amyloid state.     

应用种特异性ITS引物(SS-ITS)鉴别新菠萝灰粉蚧

[目的]研究新菠萝灰粉蚧的种特异性ITS引物,以快速准确鉴定该虫,可为口岸快速通关提供依据.[方法]采用PCR扩增方法,首次测定分析了11种粉蚧39个样品的新菠萝灰粉蚧及其他粉蚧的rDNA ITS全序列.基于ITS区序列差异设计了针对新菠萝灰粉蚧的特异性引物,通过筛选引物退火温度、优化PCR反应条件建立了新菠萝灰粉蚧的快速分子鉴定方法.[结果]种特异性ITS引物只对新菠萝灰粉蚧有扩增条带,能有效扩增出约665 bp的DNA片段,其余种类均未有扩增条带.灵敏度试验结果显示该对引物灵敏度高,其检测限可达0.1 ng/μL.[结论]采用设计的ITS区种特异性引物可以对新菠萝灰粉蚧进行快速分子鉴定,该方法可为口岸一线检测鉴定提供参考.     

菜蚜茧蜂对4种蔬菜蚜虫的控制作用研究

菜蚜茧蜂(Diaeretiella rapae)是蔬菜蚜虫的重要天敌。为了明确菜蚜茧蜂对我国常见4种蔬菜蚜虫的控制作用,通过室内试验,研究了菜蚜茧蜂对萝卜蚜、甘蓝蚜、豌豆蚜和蚕豆蚜的寄生作用。结果表明:菜蚜茧蜂对萝卜蚜和甘蓝蚜具有较好的控制作用,放蜂后21 d,其寄生率多在20%以上;对豌豆蚜的寄生作用较弱,放蜂后21 d,寄生率最高不超过10%;对蚕豆蚜寄生率最低,多在1%左右,只有极少数蚜虫被寄生。     

Phase Transitions Between beta and ggr (Mg, Fe)2SiO4 in the Earth's Mantle: Mechanisms and Rheological Implications

The mechanisms of the phase transformations between the spinel (gamma) and modified spinel (beta) polymorphs of Mg(2)SiO(4) have been studied experimentally between 15 and 20 gigapascals and 800 degrees to 950 degrees C. The gamma to beta transformation occurs by a shear mechanism, whereas the beta to gamma transformation involves grain-boundary nucleation and interface-controlled growth. These contrasting mechanisms are a consequence of the number of independent slip systems that are available in the respective crystal structures. This result leads to the prediction that in subduction zones and perhaps also rising plumes in the Earth's mantle, the gamma to beta transformation should be accompanied by a transient reduction in strength.     

The IL-2 receptor beta chain (p70): role in mediating signals for LAK, NK, and proliferative activities

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces cytolytic activity and proliferation of human blood lymphocytes. Yet, prior to activation, these cells do not express IL-2 receptors recognized by monoclonal antibodies to the Tac antigen. A novel glycoprotein (IL-2R beta), identified on several lymphocytoid cell lines, has the ability to bind IL-2 alone and to associate with Tac antigen (IL-2R alpha) to form high-affinity IL-2 receptors. It is now reported that IL-2R beta is expressed on both circulating T lymphocytes and large granular lymphocytes in quantities approximately proportional to their responsiveness to IL-2. Studies of the responses of these cells to IL-2 suggest that IL-2R beta mediates the initial phase of induction of lymphokine activated killer (LAK), natural killer (NK), and proliferative activities. Subsequently, IL-2R alpha is induced and functional high-affinity IL-2 receptors are expressed.     

近地层臭氧浓度升高对常规稻颖花形成的影响：FACE研究

FACE(free air gas concentration enrichment)研究使用标准的作物管理技术,在完全开放的大田条件下运行,代表了目前人类对未来大气环境的最好模拟。利用独特的大型稻田FACE平台,以典型的常规水稻品种武粳15(粳稻)和扬稻6号(籼稻)为供试材料,研究近地层臭氧(O3)浓度升高(比大气背景臭氧浓度平均增高26%)对常规水稻颖花形成的影响。结果表明:(1)高浓度O3对供试品种全穗以及一、二次枝梗颖化分化数均无显著影响;(2)高浓度O3使供试品种全穗和二次枝梗颖花退化数和退化率均显著增加,颖花退化增多是由于现存一次枝梗上二次枝梗大量退化而引起的二次颖花退化所造成;(3)颖花退化数在颖花分化数中所占比例很低,故高浓度O3对两供试品种全穗和一、二次枝梗颖花现存数以及稻穗构成均无显著影响。结合前报可知,选用常规水稻品种以及增施保花肥可能是未来近地层高浓度O3环境下稻作生产重要的适应措施。     

(S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine: An Aliphatic Nucleoside Analog with Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity

(S)-9-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)adenine, a novel nucleoside analog, the sugar moiety of which is replaced by an aliphatic chain, inhibits the replication in vitro of several DNA and RNA viruses, including vaccinia, herpes simplex (types 1 and 2), measles, and vesicular stomatitis. It is also effective in vivo in reducing the mortality rate of mice inoculated intranasally with vesicular stomatitis virus.     

Cubic AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m): bulk thermoelectric materials with high figure of merit

The conversion of heat to electricity by thermoelectric devices may play a key role in the future for energy production and utilization. However, in order to meet that role, more efficient thermoelectric materials are needed that are suitable for high-temperature applications. We show that the material system AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m) may be suitable for this purpose. With m = 10 and 18 and doped appropriately, n-type semiconductors can be produced that exhibit a high thermoelectric figure of merit material ZTmax of approximately 2.2 at 800 kelvin. In the temperature range 600 to 900 kelvin, the AgPb(m)SbTe(2+m) material is expected to outperform all reported bulk thermoelectrics, thereby earmarking it as a material system for potential use in efficient thermoelectric power generation from heat sources.     

Pyrrhotites: Stoichiometric Compounds with Composition Fen--1Sn (nge8)

A new type of natural pyrrhotite, orthorhombic 11C type (a = 6.892, b = 11.952, c = 5.744 x 11 angstroms), and the hexagonal 6C type (a = 6.89, c = 5.76 x 6 angstroms) are described. Their compositions are Fe(10)S(11) and Fe(11)S(12), respectively. Pyrrhotites stable in nature have essentially stoichiometric composition, Fe(n)-(l)S(n) (n>/=8), with the structures of n/2C type for n even and of nC type for n odd. The solid solutions between Fe(11)S(12) and Fe(10)S(11), and between Fe(10)S(11) and Fe(9)S(10) are considered metastable in nature.