被毛突变无毛小鼠皮肤及毛结构观察

对国内首次发现并培育成群的ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ突变小鼠的３种表型（无毛、全毛、中间态）的皮肤组织及毛结构进行了观察。结果表明，无毛小鼠仅具有非常短（１～２ｍｍ）、细且弯曲的绒毛，其毛于中心为空泡状，缺乏髓质。无毛小鼠表皮、真皮、皮下组织结构基本与全毛、中间态小鼠相同，但其毛生长周期不健全；毛球位置浅表，数目少，排列不规则；皮脂腺异常增生。推测其被毛结构异常是由毛自身结构异常所致。该小鼠外观似裸鼠，能在普通条件下生长繁殖，可望成为某些皮肤病等研究的动物模型。     

豫医无毛小鼠卵巢观察

为了探讨无毛基因的突变对小鼠卵巢的影响,采用病理组织学和流式细胞术研究豫医无毛小鼠卵巢的形态学以及卵巢颗粒细胞周期和凋亡的变化。结果显示6月龄无毛小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞Ap峰和G0／G1期显著高于2月龄无毛小鼠和2、6月龄昆明小鼠。该研究表明,无毛基因的突变诱发了小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞的凋亡,雌性突变小鼠怀孕困难。     

豫医无毛小鼠遗传特性

通过时遗传规律、G带核型、13个生化标记位点及毛色基因等的测定，观察了豫医无毛小鼠的遗传特性。结果：该突变小鼠遗传性状符合孟德尔定律，且无性别差异；G显带核型分析发现，大带带型与正常昆明小鼠基本相同；生化标记位点纯合；毛色基因型为AABBccDD。结论：该突变无毛小钉是常染色体上单一隐性基因突变所致，毛色基因纯合，遗传纯度达近交系的要求。     

豫医无毛小鼠分离近交系的繁殖学特征及HLC小鼠近交系的建立

对豫医无毛小鼠和有毛小鼠生殖器官的大体形态、组织学结构及其繁殖能力进行了比较研究。结果表明，无毛小鼠生殖器官的位置、形态、组织学结构及发情周期与有毛小鼠无明显差异；无毛雄鼠明显具有生育能力，但其生育期短；无毛雌鼠有生育能力，但繁殖能力下降，受孕率较低，乳腺功能受损辑性差，不能很好地护理幼仔，幼鼠很难成活，一般1～3d内死亡。杂合子有毛小鼠的生育能力正常。在昆明小鼠繁殖群基础上，采用全同胞兄妹交配方式培育建立了HLC小鼠近交系，应用生化标记检测、皮肤移植试验和毛色基因测试法对育成的HLC小鼠进行遗传监测，证实其基因位点高度纯合；对其基本生物学特性进行研究，结果表明其为具有新特性的近交系小鼠，现已近交繁育30代。     

影响小鼠皮肤及被毛结构的基因

本文对目前已发现的影响小鼠皮肤及被毛结构的９０多个突变基因的定位，在染色体上的分布，对小鼠生物学特性的影响及在生物医学中的应用进行了综述，为该类基因在生物医学中的应用及在其它动物上的发现与研究提供了参考。     

麝鼠皮肤形态结构与生理功能特点

麝鼠皮肤形态结构与生理功能特点郝丽平,马德慧,贾东平,李玲（黑龙江省教育学院职教部·哈尔滨·１５００８０）（哲里木畜牧学院动医系）（黑龙江省八一农垦大学动科院动医系）麝鼠（Ｏｎｄａｔｒａｚｉｂｅｔｈｉｃａ）属啮齿目仓鼠科,是一种水中活动、陆地栖居的大...     

氟致小鼠睾丸组织形态结构损伤的观察

选取20只20日龄的昆明小鼠,随机分为4组,分别给予含0,50,100和150 mg/L氟化钠的饮水120 d,通过石蜡组织切片观察氟对睾丸的损伤作用。结果发现,小鼠饮用含有氟化钠的水后,曲细精管管壁断裂、结构排列紊乱;生精细胞、次级精母细胞从生精上皮脱落;精母细胞胞质和胞核中出现大量的空泡样病变,且细胞的微核率增加;精子出现畸形。这说明氟对睾丸组织结构具有明显的损伤作用。     

柞蚕外部形态的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜的方法观察柞蚕卵壳、幼虫、蛹、成虫的表面构造,观察到柞蚕卵的钝端中央有卵孔,一般7—10个,周边有一层花瓣状纹,其外方有多边形卵纹,其三边之顶点有气孔,构成网状结构。柞蚕幼虫头部附器有触角、单眼、口器、吐丝器。发现了上唇内面,下唇表面有多数针状突起,下腭肢端部圆锥形突起及下腭瘤状体上分节突起上表面的微细构造。柞蚕幼虫、蛹、成虫的体表有多数体表衍生物,其中有细胞及非细胞性外突、毛丛突起及刚毛。体部附肢主要有气门、胸足、腹足。不同的发育阶段及幼虫不同时期,体表突起及附肢的形态构造不尽相同。     

12种百合属植物花粉形态扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对百合属4个野生种和8个栽培品种的花粉形态进行了观察和比较。结果表明,12个百合品种中4个野生种(细叶百合、兰州百合、卷丹和大花卷丹)和4个栽培种(布鲁赛尔、普瑞头、多安娜和红骑士)的花粉粒形状为椭球体,另外4个栽培种(阿尔格夫、耶罗林、萨莫和西伯利亚)为长椭球体。脊宽为1.20~2.78 μm,多由盘珠状颗粒或瘤状颗粒组成;网眼大小2.11~7.66 μm,多为不规则多边形至近圆形,大小不一,部分有刺状或粒状突起,少数无突起。大花卷丹和红骑士花粉的表面纹饰为单、双排基柱并存网纹,其他10个品种均为单基柱网纹。花粉粒均以单粒形式存在,极面观为椭球体,赤道面观为舟形,具单沟萌发孔,沟长达两端。通过对12个百合品种花粉形态特征比较及聚类分析表明,细叶百合与兰州百合、卷丹与大花卷丹、阿尔格夫与萨莫、普瑞头与多安娜亲缘关系较近,12个种大致可以划分为3大类群。     

小鼠空肠肥大细胞组织化学及超微结构研究

通过对小鼠小肠肥大细胞(MC)的分布特征及显微结构进行研究,揭示MC在小肠中可能的功能。将组织固定于Carnoy’s液中,常规包埋、切片,甲苯胺蓝染色法显示MC,采用透射电镜对MC的超微结构进行观察。结果显示:①MC主要分布于小肠的黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和浆膜,小肠绒毛上皮细胞间亦可见较多的MC存在;②透射电镜观察发现在上皮细胞间也可见有MC分布,MC颗粒未见特殊结构。MC广泛分布于小肠各层,尤其在上皮细胞间有大量MC存在,表明其可能是构成小肠黏膜免疫和调节小肠运动的重要细胞。     

鹅生长发育过程中小肠绒毛形态发育的扫描电镜观察

为探究鹅个体发育过程中小肠绒毛形态发育情况,通过扫描电子显微镜对鹅胚胎发育过程中和成体的小肠绒毛进行形态学观察。结果表明:鹅胚胎时期,小肠绒毛经历了由山脊状黏膜褶发育为“W”形板状黏膜嵴最后变为指状绒毛的过程;出雏后,鹅小肠绒毛形态由指状变回板状。其中,鹅胚胎发育18 d后(胚胎发育的60%阶段后),小肠表面黏膜由山脊状黏膜褶变为规则的“W”形板状黏膜嵴。发育25 d后(胚胎发育的83.3%阶段后),板状黏膜嵴均变为指状绒毛。鹅胚孵出8 d后小肠指状绒毛开始变扁,17 d龄鹅的小肠指状绒毛变成板状绒毛,成体鹅一直保持板状绒毛形态。     

Morphological and Biochemical Changes During Aging and Photoaging of the Skin of C57BL/6J Mice

The differences between the dorsal skin of 11- and 16-week-old C57BL/6J mice were examined morphologically and biochemically. The dermis of the 16-week-old mice was thinner than that of the 11-week-old mice due to decreases in the amounts of soluble collagen and elastin. Next, the changes in dorsal skin exposed to UVA irradiation for 8 weeks (576 J/cm(2)) were examined in 3 (younger)- and 8 (older)-week-old C57BL/6J mice. The thickness of the dermis was not significantly different between the UVA-irradiated and control mice in either the younger or older group. The increase in the amount of collagen was related to the increase in the level of soluble collagen in the younger mice. In contrast, it was related to the increase in the level of insoluble collagen in the older mice. In the UVA-irradiated older mice, the activity of the latent form of MMP-13 was significantly higher than that in the control mice. These results suggest that aging and UVA-induced photoaging in the skin are histologically and biochemically different phenomena.     

Scanning Electron Microscopic Changes of the Canine Uterine Luminal Surface during Oestrus and Late Metoestrus

In this study the endometrial morphology of four dogs in oestrus and 10 dogs in late metoestrus was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. In early oestrus the cells were slightly convex with fairly long microvilli and cell boundaries that were apparent but situated on a deeper level than the cell surface. In late oestrus the cells were clearly convex with long and numerous microvilli masking the cell boundaries. At the beginning of late metoestrus the cells became less convex with many but short microvilli and prominent but lower situated cell boundaries. At the end of late metoestrus the cells were flat with very short microvilli and protruding cell borders. These morphological findings were correlated with the cyclic variations of the steroid hormone levels.     

鸡侧脑室壁的扫描电镜观察

扫描电镜观察结果表明,鸡侧脑室的室管膜有构造分区,在侧脑室顶壁布满密集、细长并交织成网状的纤毛,其内侧壁纤毛较稀疏,主要呈簇样分布,室管膜细胞表面显露,有长短不一的微绒毛,底壁纤毛非常稀疏,直径及长度与顶壁的相似,但纤毛呈簇样分布,各簇纤毛之间存在无纤毛区,整个底壁室管膜细胞表面也分布有微绒毛.鸡侧脑室室管膜细胞可分为多纤毛细胞.少纤毛细胞和无纤毛细胞3种.同时还观察到,鸡侧脑室壁存在3种类型的室管膜上细胞,即神经元样细胞、神经胶质样细胞和类组织细胞.本文对上述各种细胞的功能进行了探讨.     

Hair Dye Effects on the Hair Coat and the Skin of the Dog: A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Eight healthy dogs of mixed breeds with short hair coats were used in this study. The skin and the hair of a small area on the left side of the saddle region were dyed 80 times once every day with a permanent hair dye, Clairol Hair Dye Flaxen Blonde. The dyed regions were red and dry toward the last two weeks of the experiment. None of the dogs had abnormal hair shedding. Four of the dogs were restless, and their epidermis were parakeratotic and hyperkeratotic.
The cuticular cells of the hair shafts of two dogs upon examination showed deep fractures at the lower part of the hair shaft. The fractures extended through the whole thickness of the cuticular cells leading to splitting of the hair shaft. Secondary hairs showed excessive peeling of their cuticle cells causing distortion and deterioration of the cortex of the hair. Cuticular cells of large numbers of hairs lost their apical parts and some of them were deformed due to partial dissolution attributed to the intensive use of the hair dye. The intensive usage of the hair dye on the compound type of hair coat of the dog caused damage to the hair shafts and to the skin in the form of irritation, dryness and parakeratosis of the epidermis. Also, some of the dogs became restless and hyperactive during the later part of the experiment.     

淡水鱼类线虫病的病原及其扫描电镜观察

从浙江省的窖湖、灵湖、凤湖等水库捕捞的大银鱼、花Hua、鸟鳢鱼、黄颡鱼、鲶鱼、沙塘鳢等6种鱼类体内获得大量的红色线虫，对其进行光镜和扫描电镜察，根据其形态特征和流行病学资料，鉴定为膨结科胃瘤线虫未定种(Eustrongylides sp．)。此线虫在大银鱼、花Hua、沙塘鳢体内寄生国内尚属首次报道。     

鸡中脑导水管及视叶脑室壁的扫描电镜观察

鸡中脑导水管及视叶脑室的底壁主要由多纤毛细胞构成.表面满布草丛状纤毛和微绒毛,无区域性差异;其顶壁的表面结构呈非均一性,主要由少纤毛细胞、无纤毛细胞及伸张细胞交错排列形成的嵌合体构成.在中脑导水管顶壁,除见有神经元样细胞、神经胶质样细胞和类组织细胞外,还发现了神经元样复合体.     

鹌鹑源火鸡隐孢子虫在小白鼠和雏鸡体内内生发育阶段的超微结构比较

用鹌鹑源火鸡隐孢子虫（Cryptos poridium meleagridis）卵囊分别感染昆明系小白鼠和固始雏鸡，用透射电镜和扫描电镜观察比较了C．meleagridis在两种试验动物体内的内生发育虫体超微结构和致病性的差异。利用扫描电镜观察发现，鹌鹑源火鸡隐孢子虫（C.meleagridis）在小白鼠和雏鸡体内的寄生部位有较大差异，在小白鼠体内寄生于十二指肠，但在雏鸡体内主要寄生于回肠；C．meleagridis深嵌于小白鼠肠微绒毛丛内，微绒毛较为完整；但在雏鸡回肠，C．meleagridis似黏附在肠黏膜表面，微绒毛脱落明显，对雏鸡致病性明显比对小白鼠的致病性强。利用透射电镜在两种试验动物的样品中均观察到不同发育阶段的滋养体、裂殖体和大配子体以及正在孢子化的卵囊。滋养体和裂殖体在发育过程中可明显见到粗面内质网结构，裂殖生殖中期阶段粗面内质网尤其发达；小白鼠体内的C．meleagridis虫体与肠黏膜接触处形成一凹陷，寄生部位较深，而在雏鸡体内无此现象。此外，利用透射和扫描电镜均观察到虫体寄生部位周围微绒毛密度高而且也比其它部位长。形成这些差异的原因有待于进一步探讨。