春育桤木苗的方法

桤木是河滩、堤坝、丘陵和山区的绿化造林成活率高的树种,又可改良土壤和提供绿肥.几年来,通过桤木育苗实践,认为抓好以下几个技术环节,能培育出桤木苗.适时播种期冬季采种,种子纯度75～90%,发芽率30～50%,种子干燥贮藏.立春前10天到雨水节后10,即1月下旬至2月中旬播种.宜早不宜迟.过早,气温低,种子易腐烂;过迟,在夏天幼苗不易抗高温,高湿,容易死苗,且苗木当年不能出圃造林.     

贮藏温度对川滇桤木种子发芽能力的影响

3种不同贮藏温度下川滇桤木种子发芽试验的结果表明:川滇桤木种子采收后冷藏(4±1℃)贮藏是最适宜的贮藏方法,对种子发芽能力的影响最小;冷冻(- 18±1℃)贮藏的种子发芽率与冷藏的种子没有显著差异,但发芽势随着贮藏时间的推移与冷藏的种子存在显著差异;常温贮藏下的种子发芽率与冷藏的种子差异显著,发芽势和高峰值差异极显著。用冷藏和冷冻的方法贮藏种子可以较好的保持其发芽率,但贮藏时间过长种子会出现一定程度的腐坏霉变。     

土壤质地和种子成熟度对水翁种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

文章研究了不同土壤质地、种子成熟度和果肉对水翁Syzygium nervosum种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:不同质地的土壤对水翁种子的最终发芽率影响不大,但对种子发芽的速度和幼苗的株高有显著影响,种子发芽速度为砂土壤土砂壤土,幼苗株高为砂土砂壤土壤土;种子的成熟度对种子的发芽率和幼苗的株高有显著影响,幼苗株高为成熟种子未成熟种子过熟种子;果肉对种子的发芽率和幼苗的株高影响不大,但对早期发芽的速度有影响。     

重金属镉对4种林木种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

为筛选适宜的乡土植物在四川境内开展镉污染土壤修复,选择4种乡土木本植物(云南松Pinus yunnanensis、桤木Alnus cremastogyne、红椿Toona ciliata、五小叶槭Acer pentaphyllum)的种子,分别设置不同浓度梯度,研究重金属Cd胁迫对植物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,就发芽率而言,镉对云南松的萌发没有明显影响,对桤木种子的萌发具有抑制作用,对红椿和五小叶槭的萌发具有一定的促进作用。就幼苗生长而言,镉处理对云南松的苗长和根长均具有促进作用;对桤木和五小叶槭总体表现为促进苗长,抑制根长;对红椿表现为抑制苗长,促进根长。耐受性综合评价结果显示,这4种植物镉耐受性强弱为红椿云南松五小叶槭桤木。     

不同处理对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

试验采用室内培养法,研究了不同浓度的硝酸钾(KNO3)、高锰酸钾(KMnO4)、赤霉素(GA3)、聚乙二醇(PEG)对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,以探讨促进其种子萌发及幼苗生长的有效途径,为菘蓝的规模化栽培及生产提供理论依据。结果表明:与对照相比,2g/L KNO3处理的幼苗根长提高61.35%,10g/L KMnO4处理的幼苗保水力提高81.58%,3种浓度GA3处理幼苗根系活力分别提高17.88%、21.85%、13.82%,0.2g/L GA3处理使种子发芽势和发芽率分别提高38.90%、79.18%,幼苗鲜重和苗长分别提高84.38%、24.24%;3种浓度PEG处理的幼苗根系活力分别提高14.08%、19.32%、13.57%,鲜重分别提高75.00%、106.25%、87.50%,200g/L PEG、300g/L PEG处理的种子发芽率分别提高68.15%、46.93%。综上所述,以GA3溶液处理效果最好,其中,以0.2g/L GA3处理效果最佳,能显著提高种子发芽率及发芽势,促进幼苗生长。     

PEG胁迫对红丁香种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

采用聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱,研究干旱胁迫对红丁香种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,红丁香种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数,在2.5%的处理时分别为54.44%、27.78%、13.11和0.72,之后,随着PEG浓度增加逐渐下降;随着胁迫程度的增加,PEG对红丁香种子幼苗生长的抑制作用增强,在2.5%胁迫时红丁香种子的胚根、胚芽、鲜重及干重最大,分别为2.97cm、1.48cm、48.27mg和2.37mg;与对照组相比,红丁香种子的胁迫指数与抗旱指数随着PEG浓度的增加逐渐下降,在2.5%时最大,分别为0.97、1.62;红丁香种子的PEG半致死浓度为10.0%,从抗旱等级来看,红丁香种子能耐10.0%浓度的干旱胁迫。     

五种桤木属植物的光合特性初步研究

对1999、2000年从加拿大、中国台湾等地引进的台湾桤木、日本桤木、欧洲桤木等5种桤木属植物进行引种试验,研究发现,除我国特有的桤木外,欧洲桤木基本能够适应我国南方气候和立地条件,种子发芽率较高,生长迅速,还具有抗盐碱能力.日本桤木光饱和点曲线为明显的双峰型结构,其最大光饱和点分别在900μmol/m2和2 000μmol/m2.研究结果表明,五种桤木属植物间的光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量等性状差异达到显著或极显著.     

美国红桤木苗期生长规律研究

美国红桤木在我国南京周边地区的引种栽培研究结果表明:光照、温度和水分等环境条件是影响红桤木幼苗死亡率的关键因素.红桤木1 a生播种苗的苗高生长呈"S"形曲线,整个生长经历了一个慢一快一慢的过程.对比南京江宁和六合两试验基地1 a生红桤木播种苗的苗高和地径表明,2个试验地的环境因素对地径的生长量影响不大,红桤木在南京地区具有生长快、适应性广等特点.     

聚乙二醇对鸡冠花种子发芽特性的影响

采用不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG)处理两个品种的鸡冠花种子进行发芽试验,研究结果表明,不同浓度的PEG溶液对鸡冠花种子发芽势、发芽率有显著的促进作用,其中100mg/L与200mg/L的效果较好;不同浓度的溶液在一定程度上可提高种子的简化活力指数;PEG浸种能明显提高单株幼苗的质量,其中,以100～300mg/L为适宜浓度;100mg/L的效果最好;在300mg/L以下能够提高萌动鸡冠花种子的呼吸速率,但高浓度时对萌动种子的呼吸速率具有抑制作用。     

鸡血藤种子催芽试验研究

比较不同成熟度与不同处理方式对鸡血藤种子发芽率的影响。结果表明:成熟果实的种子发芽率为71%,未成熟果实的种子发芽率为32.3%;用温水浸泡处理种子发芽率为73.3%,用直接湿沙贮藏处理种子发芽率为71.0%。因此鸡血藤应采摘成熟果实的种子,催芽方式为40℃温水浸泡处理后,捞出置于温暖处催芽,或直接湿沙贮藏催芽均可。     

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol on germination of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica seeds from natural and plantation forests on sandy land

Effects of drought stresses induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0.0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, with four replicates) on germination of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) seeds produced in plantations (southern Keerqin sandy land) and natural forests (Hulunbeier sandy plain) were observed. The results indicated that the seeds from both provenances did not germinate when PEG concentration was more than 25%. The time of initial germination and that of its completion of stressed seeds from both provenances were delayed when compared with the unstressed seeds. The germination capacity and germination rate of natural seeds were significantly higher than those of plantation seeds for all treatment levels (P < 0.05). The mean growth rates of radicle and hypocotyl from natural seeds were significantly higher than those from plantation seeds at all treatment levels below 20% PEG treatment (P < 0.05). The ratios of radicle to hypocotyl of 20% PEG treatment were significant higher than those of the corresponding controls for both provenances (P < 0.05). These results suggested that Mongolian pine seeds/seedlings had stronger resistance to PEG drought stresses; 10% PGE stress did not significantly influence germination. Natural seeds exhibited more resistance to PEG stress than plantation seeds. It was concluded that drought stress on seed germination might be one cause of obstructed natural regeneration of Mongolian pine plantations on sandy land. It is recommended that natural seeds be used for afforestation, and light drought stress (e.g., 10% PEG stress) may be useful in improving seed germination and the growth of radicles and hypocotyls.     

不同植物生长调节剂对高山红景天种子萌发的影响

研究了赤霉素和吲哚丁酸处理对高山红景天种子萌发的影响。结果表明,赤霉素和吲哚丁酸处理均能显著地提高高山红景天种子的发芽率和发芽势,以赤霉素处理的促进效果最为明显,赤霉素以400mg/L处理的发芽率和发芽势最大,分别为62.41%和48.24%;IBA以100mg/L处理的最大,分别为55.48%和36.84%。赤霉素和IBA不同浓度处理间高山红景天种子的发芽率和发芽势存在极显著性地差异。     

不同光照和温度处理对杉木种子萌发的影响

为探求不同光照和温度对杉木种子萌发的影响,该研究以杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种子为试验对象,设置红光、蓝光、白光3个光照处理条件,每个光照处理条件设0,5,20μmol/(m2·s)3个光量梯度,并测量了萌发率、萌发指数和发芽势.结果表明:白光5μmol/(m2·s)、红光20μmol/(m...     

油松种子“引动”处理对发芽效果的影响

试验测定了不同化学药物、浓度、浸泡时间和单纯用水浸泡渗透处理对油松种子发芽的影响。结果表明,阿司匹林、赤霉素、聚乙二醇对油松种子发芽有显著的促进作用,经过3种药物处理的种子在室温11~14℃的情况下,第6天或第7天开始发芽,对照第9天发芽;发芽势（第10天的发芽率）经过处理的在22%以上,高者可达31%,而对照仅为8.3%。单用自来水做渗透引动处理也能提高油松种子的发芽势和发芽率。     

Germination of stratified and non-stratified seeds of red alder at two germination temperatures

Two- to four-week stratification of red alder seeds slightly increased the speed of germination but did not improve total germination under alternating warm temperatures (30°C/20°C), yet significantly improved speed and total germination under cool temperatures (15°C/5°C) that simulated early spring outdoor nursery bed conditions. Only seeds that received four-week stratification achieved complete germination at the cooler temperatures. Strong seed source variation in response to seed treatments was observed at the cool regime. The Yacolt source germinated well regardless of seed treatments, even without stratification, while five other sources needed two to four weeks of stratification to achieve above 50% germination. Possible reasons for this variation are discussed.     

不同药剂处理对闽楠种子萌发的影响

通过4种药剂浸种对闽楠(Phoebe bournei)种子进行发芽对比试验,结果表明:4种药剂浸种可以促使闽楠种子提前萌发,提高种子发芽势和发芽率;其中,萘乙酸(NAA)浸处理的种子发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数均高于其它处理,分别为93.33%、31.67%、2.59,其次为KH2PO4(83.33%、30.00%、2.39);萘乙酸和KH2PO4处理的胚根(均为4.3 cm)和胚芽(均为1.5 cm)长度最长,显著高于对照(胚根3.3 cm,胚芽1.1 cm)(P<0.05).研究表明萘乙酸和KH2PO4不仅能促进闽楠种子萌发,对闽楠芽苗的生长也有显著促进作用.     

低温处理对缬草种子萌发与生理活性的影响

研究不同温度梯度(0℃、5℃和10℃)及不同处理时间(10d、20d和30d)对缬草种子萌发及过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性的影响。结果表明:5℃30d条件下发芽率为39.7%,且种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶活性最高;0℃10d和0℃20d条件下发芽率仅分别为13.3%和19.3%,种子中过氧化物酶和淀粉酶酶相对较低。在同等低温条件下,种子的发芽率和发芽势随着处理时间的延长而增高,过氧化物酶和淀粉酶的活性也越高。低温处理能有效的提高缬草种子的发芽率和发芽势,不同处理会造成缬草种子发芽指标和酶活性的差异。     

Physical attributes as indicator of seed maturity and germination enhancement in Himalayan Wild Cherry (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Prunus cerasoides</Emphasis> D. Don.)

Prunus cerasoides has poor regeneration in its natural habitat due to its hard seed coat. The information about maturity time of fruit/seed is scanty and studies on seed germination enhancement lacking. In the present study, the main focus has been given to the physical fruits/seeds attributes which are reliable indicators of maturity and seed pretreatments which help to enhance germination. The fruits/seeds were collected from low and high elevational sites covering the altitudinal range of the species during the period of fruit/seed development (last week of February–mid April) for two consecutive years (2003–2004). The change in fruit colour from dark green to pale red or red was a useful indicator of seed maturity in P. cerasoides. Fruit moisture content between 46.57 ± 0.45% and 56.81 ± 1.14% and seed moisture content between 29.8 ± 1.35% and 34.13 ± 1.50% coincided with maximum germination (41.11 ± 13.96% and 59.99 ± 12.05%) across sites. The removal of seed coat (mechanical treatment) enhanced the germination of seeds to 70 ± 0% at low elevation and 100 ± 0% at high elevation in comparison of control or untreated seeds (germination range between 5.83 ± 0.83% and 31.68 ± 25.02%). Positive correlation existed between seed size and germination (r = 0.280; P < 0.01).     

红豆树开花结实规律及种子发芽试验

定株观察红豆树开花结实的发育节律，掌握红豆树生物学特性等。多地点、多处理的重复催芽试验，发芽率差异极显著。机械破皮与始温80％温水自然冷却浸种1d的催芽处理对发芽率效果显著，但二者的Q检验差异不显著。机械破皮催芽处理的田间发芽率可达到94．7％，始温80％温水自然冷却浸种1d的催芽处理发芽率可达到82．3％。多次重复温水催芽处理的发芽率在85％以上，温水催芽处理高效、便捷、实用性强。种子宜干藏。     

处理方法对杏种子发芽率的影响初报

对不同成熟期杏品种的种子进行了常规层积和鲜种低温保鲜贮藏（简称鲜种鲜贮）两个处理。结果表明：供试极早熟杏品种的种子常规层积均不发芽,而对其鲜种进行长达１９０ｄ左右的低温保鲜贮藏,均有一定的发芽率。无论哪种方法处理,种子的发芽率均随其果实发育日数的增加而提高,但常规层积这种规律表现更为明显。鲜种鲜贮不同成熟期的杏种子,果实发育日数越少,需时间越长,果实发育日数在６０ｄ以内的极早熟品种,需要比中晚熟品