山东省啤酒大麦生产现状的剖析

概述了山东省从 70年代至今 ,对啤酒大麦生产的发展和利用 ,进行了剖析 ,30多年来啤麦在我省啤酒工业生产中所起的作用 ,根据我地优越的环境条件 ,以发展春性啤麦生产为主 ,冬性啤麦为辅 ,提高土地复种指数和土地 (闲置地 )利用率 ,拓宽啤麦用途 ,使啤麦生产在我省占有一席之地     

宁夏啤麦基地建设发展途径探讨

宁夏啤麦基地建设发展情况的好坏，对增加本区农民种植啤麦的经济效益，提高宁夏们至西北地区啤麦与进口啤表的竞争力，无疑起着至关重要的作用。但是10几年来，由于基地建设规模偏小，一年一热种植的比较效益低，对啤麦基地建设发展不利，生产起伏波动大。有关部门曾就啤麦生产发展，提出一些对策、建议，使我区啤麦生产初具规模，但在新的形势下，随着国外啤麦向中国市场倾销，以及啤酒厂家对啤麦质量要求的提高，能否在继续发挥宁夏啤麦生产优势的同时，扩大生产规模，提高啤麦的质量和基地的经济效益呢？为此，笔者在对基地建设发展的优…     

对我国发展啤麦生产的回顾与思考

对20年来国内啤麦生产的发展历程分作三个阶段作了回顾，阐述了我国啤酒产量占世界第一位后进一步加强啤麦生产的必要性和现有基础，分析了当前发展啤麦生产的良好机遇。并对今后提高啤麦品质实行产业化等方面提出了建议。     

山东省啤酒大麦生产现状的剖析

概述了山东省从70年代至今，对啤酒大麦生产的发展和利用，进行了剖析，30多年来啤麦在我省啤酒工业生产中所起的作用，根据我地优越的环境条件，以发展春性啤麦生产为主，冬性啤麦为辅，提高土地复种指数和土地（闲置地）利用率，拓宽啤麦用途，使啤麦生产在我省占有一席之地。     

入世对江苏啤麦生产的影响及其对策

江苏是我国啤麦主产区之一 ,曾对全国麦芽和啤酒行业的发展发挥过重要作用。分析了入世对江苏啤麦生产的利弊影响以及江苏啤麦产业的独特优势 ,提出了通过不断更新品种、切实改善原料质量、提高麦芽加工品质、实施产业化经营从而促进江苏啤麦生产稳定发展的对策措施     

入世对江苏啤麦生产的影响及其对策

江苏是我国啤麦主产区之一，曾对全国麦芽和啤酒行业的发展发挥过重要作用。分析了入世对江苏啤麦生产的利弊影响以及江苏啤麦产业的独 特优势，提出了通过不断更新品种，切实改善原料质量，提高麦芽和加工品质，实施产业化经营从而促进江苏啤麦生产稳定发展的对策措施。     

啤麦产业化生产的有利因素、存在问题及对策

啤麦产业化生产是我国啤酒工业和市场化农业发展的需要 ,也是提高农业生产效益 ,增加农民收入的需要。以大型啤酒 (麦芽 )集团为龙头企业 ,参与啤麦基地建设 ,组织啤麦生产 ,提供技术、信息、管理等各种服务 ,将整个产业链相关行业通过利益关系结成风险共担、利润均占的利益共同体 ,有利于增强啤麦生产、啤酒工业的发展后劲 ,提高国际竞争能力。从啤酒产业化生产的内涵 ,啤酒工业和啤麦基础建设的现状入手 ,提出了推进啤麦产业化生产急须解决的问题及对策。     

对进一步开发盐城啤酒大麦市场的几点思考

盐城市是冬麦区啤酒大麦主要生产基地 ,曾对全国麦芽和啤酒行业的发展发挥过积极作用。要进一步开发盐城啤麦市场 ,重振盐城啤麦区域生产优势 ,抑制进口 ,提高国产啤麦自给率 ,必须不断更换优质品种 ,加强产业化模式开发 ,切实解决啤麦生产存在的主要质量问题     

“科场厂”联合 促进啤麦发展

发展啤麦生产，必须建立基地。省农科院、襄北农场、麦芽厂三家联合协作搞好啤酒人麦生产基地，使科研成果尽快转为生产力。使农场增产增收，麦芽厂扭亏为盈，产生较好的社会和经济效益，同时推动了科研的发展。1啤酒大麦生产基地的建立啤酒大麦专用性强，对质量要求非常严格，我省麦芽厂、啤酒厂长期来不用湖北大麦，原因之一尺质量问题：饲啤混用、籽粒不整齐、粒色深黄甚至霉变，影响制啤品质，关键是发芽率低，从而阻碍了啤麦生产的发展。因此，必须根据麦芽制啤生产‘的需求，建立相应的生产基地，提高鸣麦质量，是发展湖北啤麦的根本…     

全国啤酒大麦生产基地建设研讨会简报

1997年11月3日到5日巾国大麦专业委员会在北京召开我国啤酒大麦（下称啤麦）生产基地建设研讨会。出席会议的代表来自东北、黄淮、江浙麦区的大专院校、农业科研、国营农场等代表共23入。农业部粮油处和轻工总会（原轻工部）也应邀派员出席。大会围绕：①80年代以来我国啤麦生产基地建设；②我国啤酒工业发展和国产原料的供应；进口啤麦对我国啤麦生产与啤酒工业的影响；④如何发展国产啤麦等问题展开了深入的研讨。通过交流和深入讨论开阔了视野提高了啤麦国产化的认识：1、我国啤酒工业发展和连年粮食丰收，为在农业结构调正了‘业出生产…     

对黑龙江垦区啤酒大麦常规育种选择的探讨

着重对比了黑龙江垦区啤酒大麦与进口啤酒大麦的差距 ,以及该地区啤酒大麦现存在的主要缺点。根据黑龙江垦区的气候特点 ,提出了垦区啤酒大麦现阶段育种目标 ,即二棱大麦应在现有产量水平上 ,生育期减少 3d ,无水浸出率提高 2 %以上 ,降低蛋白质含量至 11 5 % ;多棱大麦增加千粒重 ,提高无水浸出率。对啤酒大麦的选择方法 ,提出了具体要求。试论了黑龙江垦区啤酒大麦的理想株型。     

Grain composition of Virginia winter barley and implications for use in feed,food, and biofuels production

Grain compositional components impacting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) use in food, feed and fuel products, must be combined with improved agronomic traits to produce a commercially viable barley cultivar. Little current information is available on grain composition and variability among winter barley genotypes. This study was conducted to determine the variability among modern hulled and hulless winter barley genotypes in grain composition. Barley types varied significantly in grain and kernel weight, starch, beta-glucan, oil and ash content, but not in protein concentration. Hulless barley had significantly higher grain test weight and starch concentration than hulled and malting types, and significantly higher beta-glucan than malting barley. Hulless barley had significantly lower kernel weights, oil, and ash concentrations than hulled and malting types. Higher starch and lower fiber and ash in grain of hulless barley versus hulled feed or malting type barley are characteristics that increase hulless barley desirability. Selection for high starch concentration among all barley types is feasible and will facilitate development of barley cultivars better suited for use in feed, malt, and ethanol production.     

Evaluation of malting barley quality using exploratory data analysis. II. The use of kernel hardness and image analysis as screening methods

This paper presents an exploratory investigation of the use of image analysis and hardness analysis of barley kernels for characterisation and prediction of malting quality. A sample set of fifty barley samples representing 15 spring barley and 10 winter barley varieties grown at two locations in Denmark was used. The samples were micro-malted and mashed and analysed for 13 quality parameters according to the official methods of the European Brewery Convention. A sub-sample of the barley samples was analysed on two different single kernel instruments: (1) Foss Tecator GrainCheck was applied for non-destructive recording of single kernel size and shape (width, length, roundness, area, volume and total light reflectance) and (2) Perten Single Kernel Characterization System 4100 was applied for single kernel hardness and weight determinations. The eight variables from these single seed analyses have been used in two different ways, either as means and standard deviations, or as appended histogram spectra representing 250 kernels from each bulk sample. By the two methods, it has been possible to obtain reasonable Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) models for the structural and physical part of the malting quality complex associated to malt modification, but it was as expected impossible to predict the biochemical parameters associated with nitrogen chemistry and enzymatic power. The best model was achieved for (1→3, 1→4)-β-D-glucan in barley. The hardness of the barley kernels is by far the most important variable for describing malting performance. The additional use of the morphological data as acquired by fast non-destructive image analysis, however, also reveals some malting quality information by improving the calibration models based on hardness alone. The brightness of the kernels is by far the most important GrainCheck variable but also kernel size and shape is associated to malting performance. In general, the utilisation of the single kernel readings (used as histogram spectra), compared to sample mean and standard deviation, did not provide additional information for an improved prediction of the malting quality parameters.     

大麦醇溶蛋白与麦芽品质关系的研究进展

综述了近年来有关大麦醇溶蛋白和麦芽品质之间关系的研究进展,分析了醇溶蛋白电泳条带模型与麦芽品质之间的关系。多数研究结果表明,二者之间没有关系,但是采用聚类分析发现,醇溶蛋白电泳模型以麦芽品质为依据进行分类是有效的;有关D醇溶蛋白与麦芽品质之间关系的研究结论也不一致,有研究认为D醇溶蛋白与麦芽浸出率之间呈显著负相关,并且这种关系不受品种和年份的影响。但有人利用Hor3缺失的近等基因系进行的研究结果则并不支持这一观点。另据研究,由D醇溶蛋白和B醇溶蛋白组成的凝胶组分含量与麦芽品质呈负相关。     

欧洲酿造大麦的品种分布与品质特性分述

详述了欧洲大麦品种情况 ,全球酿造大麦年产量约 16 2 0 0万t ,其中 37%产于欧洲。欧洲是世界上最大的酿造大麦产区 ,也是最大的酿造大麦和麦芽出口商 ,具有举足轻重的地位     

啤酒大麦籽粒蛋白质含量基因型与环境效应的研究进展

综述了目前国内外啤酒大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的基因型和环境效应研究的进展。内容包括蛋白质含量的遗传模型、一般配合力和特殊配合力 ,以温度、光照、水分、湿度为代表的气象因子和氮肥运筹方式作主导的栽培措施等环境条件对啤酒大麦籽粒蛋白质含量的效应 ,蛋白质含量与其它品质性状之间的相关性 ,生产中降低啤酒大麦籽粒蛋白质的调控措施。     

不同基因型啤酒大麦冠层光合生理特性的差异

为给啤酒大麦高光效育种及高产栽培提供理论依据,采用便携式光合分析系统测定和分析了不同基因型啤酒大麦冠层光合生理指标的变化。结果表明,从孕穗期到灌浆末期,基因型间光合速率(Pn)差异都达极显著水平(P<0.01),冠层光合速率阶段变化与产量呈现一定的正相关关系。各次测定Pn与蒸腾速率(Tr)无一致性表现。从抽穗开花期开始,基因型间Tr差异达到极显著水平。从挑旗期开始,基因型间气孔导度(Gs)都表现出极显著差异,并且与Pn保持相对的一致性。从孕穗期至灌浆末期,Pn一直较高的基因型,产量也相对较高,表现最突出的是引自欧美的主栽品种MERIT、Z090M066M和SCARLETT,其Pn分别较平均光合速率高9.70%、8.85%和10.14%,产量分别高8.24%、7.30%和6.63%。     

啤麦苗情对产量及穗粒结构的影响

通过对 10多年来啤麦苗情与单产和穗粒结构关系的计算分析 ,得出了啤麦在不同生育阶段影响单产及穗粒结构的主要苗情 ,并建立起其间的线性关系模式 ,为定量分析啤麦苗情对单产及穗粒结构的影响 ,根据可能的影响程度及时调整田间管理措施 ,为使群体结构向着高产的方向发展 ,提供了新的途径     

Evaluation of malting barley quality using exploratory data analysis. I. Extraction of information from micro-malting data of spring and winter barley

This paper presents an exploratory multivariate approach for analysis of malting barley quality data. By using principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) complex malting quality data are combined into functional factors which are used for malting barley quality characterisation. Fifty barley samples were used in this investigation, representing 15 spring barley and 10 winter barley varieties grown at two locations in Denmark. The samples were micro-malted and mashed and analysed for 13 quality parameters according to official methods of the European Brewery Convention. These data were combined and reduced into a few latent (functional) factors using PCA by which it is demonstrated that the modification of β-glucan plays a major role in both spring and winter barleys. Additionally, the spring barley and winter barley samples display different covariate latent structures, mainly in the nitrogen and diastatic power patterns. It is furthermore shown that graphic display as facilitated by exploratory data analysis, can be utilized in order to evaluate genotype-environmental interactions by considering the position and movements of the individual objects (genotypes in this instance) in the score plots. Thus, in contrast to the classical analysis of variance, the samples can be individually evaluated and the corresponding loadings can be used to validate the genetic and environmental effect of a given sample in a quality perspective.Several of the investigated malting quality parameters are highly intercorrelated. This fact is utilized by applying PLSR to barley and malt data for the prediction of wort quality in order to exclude the mashing step. This approach was successful for the modification-dependent wort parameters, extract, wort β-glucan and viscosity.