长期投喂黄芪多糖对黄颡鱼抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响

本文旨在探讨添加不同水平的黄芪多糖(astraglus polysaccharides,APS)对黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)抗氧化及非特异性免疫指标的影响.选取2龄健康黄颡鱼540尾,随机分成6组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼,分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0(对照组)、300、600、900...     

黄芪多糖对吉富罗非鱼生长和免疫功能的影响北大核心

试验旨在研究黄芪多糖(APS)对吉富罗非鱼生长性能和免疫功能的影响。选取外观正常、体质健壮、平均体重(19.32±0.23) g的吉富罗非鱼450尾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。对照组鱼投喂基础饵料,试验组在基础饵料中添加0.05%(0.05%组)、0.10%(0.10%组)、0.15%(0.15%组)和0.20%(0.20%组) APS。试验期28 d。结果显示,与对照组相比,0.10%组、0.15%组吉富罗非鱼的增重率显著提高(P<0.05),饵料系数显著降低(P<0.05)。试验第7 d,试验组吉富罗非鱼血清中的溶菌酶(LSZ)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。使用无乳链球菌攻毒10 d后,0.20%组罗非鱼的免疫护率最高(61.25%),0.15%组次之(56.41%)。研究表明,从生长性能、免疫指标和经济角度综合考虑,吉富罗非鱼生产中建议添加0.15%的APS。     

黄芪多糖和茯苓多糖对长江鲟幼鱼抗氧化指标、免疫指标和消化酶活性的影响

为了研究黄芪多糖(APS)和茯苓多糖(WCP)对长江鲟幼鱼抗氧化指标、免疫指标和消化酶活性的影响，试验将150尾10月龄长江鲟幼鱼随机分为5组，分别为空白对照组、APS0.1组(按体重添加黄芪多糖0.1 g/kg)、APS0.2组(按体重添加黄芪多糖0.2 g/kg)、WCP0.1组(按体重添加茯苓多糖0.1 g/kg)和WCP0.2组(按体重添加茯苓多糖0.2 g/kg),每组3个重复，每个重复10尾，各组在基础日粮中按照鱼体重量添加不同含量的黄芪多糖和茯苓多糖，用水稀释成糊状，每天灌服1次，连续投喂20 d。试验第20天每个重复随机选取5尾尾静脉采血，分离血清，检测抗氧化指标[超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、丙二醛(MDA)]、免疫指标[免疫球蛋白(IgG)、免疫球蛋白(IgM)、补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、溶菌酶(LZM)、抗菌肽(TP)]、抗应激指标[皮质醇(COR)、热休克蛋白-70(HSP-70)、褪黑素(MT)]、肠道消化...     

黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响

本试验旨在研究黄芪多糖对杂交鳢生长性能、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力的影响。选取720尾健康的初重为(24.5±0.5)g的杂交鳢,随机分成6组(每组4个重复,每个重复30尾),分别投喂在基础饲料中添加0(APS0组,作为对照组)、0.25(APS0.25组)、0.50(APS0.50组)、1.00(APS1.00组)、1.50(APS1.50组)和2.00 g/kg(APS2.00组)黄芪多糖的试验饲料,养殖周期为60 d。结果显示:饲料中添加不同水平的黄芪多糖后鱼体的增重率均有所增加,其中APS1.50和APS2.00组与对照组的差异达到显著水平(P0.05)。饲料系数随黄芪多糖添加量的增加呈先下降后升高的趋势,以APS1.50组最低。肠道蛋白酶、脂肪酶活性和微绒毛长度均随黄芪多糖添加量的增加先不断升高,至添加量为1.50 g/kg时达到最高,继续增加添加量则有所下降。血浆中溶菌酶(LSZ)活性与补体3(C3)、补体4(C4)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量以及全血呼吸爆发活力均随黄芪多糖添加量的增加先升高后降低,且最高值均出现在APS1.50组,显著高于对照组(P0.05),与APS1.00(C3含量除外)和APS2.00组差异不显著(P0.05)。血浆中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性的变化趋势与LSZ活性类似,但其最高值出现在APS1.00组。APS1.50组杂交鳢血浆和肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均显著高于对照组(P0.05),而丙二醛(MDA)含量则显著低于对照组(P0.05)。用嗜水气单胞菌攻毒,96 h内杂交鳢的累积死亡率最低的为APS1.50组,显著低于对照组及APS0.25和APS0.50组(P0.05),但与APS1.00和APS2.00组差异不显著(P0.05)。由此得出,饲料中添加适量的黄芪多糖能提高杂交鳢的生长性能、消化能力、免疫能力、抗氧化能力和抗病力;综合考虑各因素,杂交鳢饲料中黄芪多糖添加量以1.50 g/kg较为适宜。     

不同脂肪源对异育银鲫体脂沉积、内源酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响

<正>本试验旨在探讨饲料中不同脂肪源对异育银鲫体脂沉积、脂类代谢酶活性、消化酶活性和鱼体组织中脂肪酸组成的影响。选择尾均重(6.04±0.05)g的健康异育银鲫鱼种525尾,驯养1周后,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾鱼。     

花生粕替代豆粕对津新鲤2号生长性能、肌肉营养组成和生理生化指标的影响

试验旨在探究饲料中花生粕替代豆粕对津新鲤2号生长性能、肌肉营养组成和血清生化指标的影响.选取450尾体质健康、规格均匀的幼鱼,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼.试验鱼分别饲喂用花生粕替代0 (PNM0)、25％ (PNM25)、50％ (PNM50)、75％ (PNM75)和100％ (PNM100)豆粕的...     

植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响

本试验旨在研究植酸酶对斑点叉尾鮰生长性能、营养物质表观消化率及氮、磷排泄的影响,以确定植酸酶在斑点叉尾鮰饲料中的适宜添加量.选取初始均重为(1.74±0.02)g的斑点叉尾鮰幼鱼540尾,随机分成6个组,每组3个重复,每个重复放养30尾鱼.对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲料中添加300、500、1 000、l...     

饥饿胁迫对淡水石首鱼形体指标、肌肉脂肪酸组成及肝脏脂肪代谢基因表达的影响

本试验旨在研究饥饿胁迫对淡水石首鱼形体指标、肌肉脂肪酸组成及肝脏脂肪代谢基因表达的影响.选用淡水石首鱼(Aplodinotus grunniens)180尾,平均体重为(20.88±0.91)g,设置3个重复,每个重复60尾,分别在饥饿0、1、4、8、12、24、36、48 h及3、4、6、10、14、21、28、42...     

大豆粕替代鱼粉在吉富罗非鱼稚鱼实用饲料中的效果评价

本试验旨在研究大豆粕替代鱼粉在吉富罗非鱼稚鱼实用饲料中的效果.平均体重为(5.80 ±0.17)g的吉富罗非鱼稚鱼360尾随机分为6组(1个对照组和5个试验组),每组3个重复,每个重复20尾鱼.6组饲料按照等氮(33.8％)和等能量( 16.50 MJ/kg)原则配制,其中对照组饲料添加20％鱼粉(不含大豆粕),5个试...     

不同脂肪源对异育银鲫体脂沉积、内源酶活性和脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在探讨饲料中不同脂肪源对异育银鲫体脂沉积、脂类代谢酶活性、消化酶活性和鱼体组织中脂肪酸组成的影响.选择尾均重(6.04±0.05)g的健康异育银鲫鱼种525尾,驯养1周后,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复35尾鱼.在基础饲料中分别添加4%的鱼油、豆油、猪油、花生油和混合油(鱼油:豆油:猪油=3:4:3),制...     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.