New cell line establishment of a cell line from embryos of Dendrolimus superans

lntroductionCytopIasmicpolyhedrosisviruseshavebeeniso-I8tedfrommorethan15Ospeciesofinsects.Someofthemhavebeenusedas,potentiaIinsecticidestocontrolforestryinsectpests(ShenHongjianetaI.1994).Investigatorshavebeeninterestedinvirusesasanaltemativeforchemicalinsecticidestocontrolforestryinsectbecauseoftheirsafetyandspecificity(Pu1992).ButonlyafewoftheseviruseshavebeencommercialIyd6veIopedforthecontroIofinsectpest.OnereasonfortheIimitedcommerciaIizationofvi-rusesisthattheyareusuaIIyproducedin…     

Population characteristics ofDendrolims superans in Daxing’an Mountains

Dendrolims superans produced one generation every two years. Large larvae and small larvae exist at the same time. It broke out in Daxiang an Mountains in 1990, and seriously destroyed growth ofLarix gmelini Rupr. In order to controlD superans, the population properties ofD superans were studied from 1991 to 1992, including sexratio, age distribution, pattern etc.. The sex ratio ofD. superans population is ♀∶♂ − 1.06:L. The larvae age distribution indicates that larvae over 5 instar is less than younger larvae under 4 instar in Yongqing forest farm, but the younger larvae under 4 instar is more than larvae over 5 instar in Hanjiayuanzi Forest Farm. The population ofD. superans in Yongqing Farm has been declining. and mereasing in Hanjiayuanzi. Pupae and eggs are mainly distributed in middle and lower crowns layer of trees respeetively account for 66% and 59.5% of total individuals. The pupae in higher crown layer is lightly regular distribution and clumping distribution middle and lower crowns layer of trees. The eggs in higher crown is light clumping distribution and random in middle and low crown of tree. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

The influencen of stand state on the occurrence ofDendrolimus superans (Butler) in Daxing’an Mountains

Dendrolimus superans (Butler) occurred in the vast areas of Daxing’an Mountains forest, in Heilongjiang Province, in 1990. Stands damaged byI). Superans seriously, intermediately and lightly show patch shape distribution within damaged area. By ordination analysis and correlation analysis between ordination factors and coordinate axis. It was found that occurrence ofD Superans in different extent is owing to the effect of forest age, composition and exposure. The tended young pure forests grown on the sunward slopes are most seriously damaged and non-tended middle-age mixing stands grown on the sunless slopes are most lightly damaged. Therefore, in order to preventD. superans from seriously damaging larch forests, relatively large crown density (P > 0. 7) should be kept, and broadleaf trees should be also properly preserved. This research project was supported by Scientific and Techndogical Committee of Heilongjiang Province     

Development, manufacture and application of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension

The optimal formula of Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension was screened out through the experiment,preparation and manufacture of basic formulas, which has no sedimentation, suspended drops of oil, peels and agglomerating and the diameter of capsule is in range of 10-30μm, conformed to the technical requirement. The aftereffect of the 3.3% Beta-Cypermethrin aqueous capsule suspension which was manufactured according to the optimal formula was up more than 25 days. The experiments on controlling the larvae of Dendrolinmus superans Butler and the adults of Xylotrechus rusticus L were carried out with different concentrations of this chemical. The death rate reached 80% when 250 times solution of the chemical was sprayed on stem to control the larvae of D. superans. For control of the adults of X. rusticus, 200, 400 and 600 times solution of the chemical were applied and their control effects (death rate) reached 85.23%, 74.21% and 66.59% respectively. Two kinds of solution (200 times and 300 times) of the chemical were used to control the larvae of D. superans in large area, and the control effect for both concentrations was over 90%.     

Study on Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus onDendrolimus superans

A strain of Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) was separated from the infected larva during the research of integrated pest management ofDendrolimus superans. The morphology, bioassay, histopathology and field-test for this CPV were studied. The size of CPV is 0.16 μm×1.57 μm and the virion is 16.0 nm×58.1 nm. The L_C50 to the 3rd and 5th instar larva ofDendrolimus superans were 2.81×10⁴ PIB/mL and 7.17×10⁴ PIB/mL respectively. The polyhedrosis were formed after midgut of larva were infected for 72 h. A large amount of polyhedrosis was formed after 144 h. The mortality was more than 82% and average mortality was 84.62% when using 1.17×10⁸ PIB/mL virus suspension to control the pest in field test. The project was supported by the Natural Sciences Foundation of Heilongjiang Province. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

The effect ofDendrolimus superans breakout on growth of trees

The effect ofDendrolimus superans on growth of trees was investigated after the breakout in Shibazhan forest area in 1990. Stem analysis was conducted for determining the tree increment loss. The result showed that the current annual increment for extreme heavily damaged, heavily damaged, moderately damaged and lightly damaged stands is 14%, 39.8%, 64% and 82% of that of the control forest respectively. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

Establishment of cell suspension line of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus tomentosa</Emphasis> Carr.

Leaves of fine Populus tomentosa genotype TC152 were used as explants to establish cell suspension lines. The effects of plant growth regulators on callus induction and establishment of cell suspension lines were studied. The callus induction rate was the highest on a MS solid medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D. A cell suspension line could be obtained by inoculating calli which were not subcultured into a MS liquid medium supplemented with 1.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D. The best subculture medium was MS ＋ 0.8 mg＇L-1 2,4-D ＋ 30 g·L^-1 sucrose with a subculture cycle of seven days.     

Characteristics of senescent straw cell walls of dwarf, semidwarf, and normal strains of rice (Oryza sativa) plants

A normal variety of rice (Oryza sativa L.cv. Taichung 65, T65c), its isogenic dwarf line (T65d ₁), and a semidwarf variety of a different line (Oryza sativa L.cv. IR8, IR8) were studied. The results were compared with those of an isogenic dwarf line (Rh _i) of wheat straw, which was previously reported. Expression of the dwarf gene,d ₁, on the chemical composition and the structural features of lignin present in rice internodes differs from that in an isogenic dwarf line of wheat. The differences include the lignin content, total yield of alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation products, and distribution of wall-bound hydroxycinnamic acids. There was, however, no difference in the syringyl/ guaiacyl nuclei (S/V) molar ratio and neutral sugar composition. The lignin composition of rice straw cell walls, particularly that of the dwarf variety, contained more of the condensed structure and fewer syringyl nuclei than lignin in wheat straw cell walls. It is suggested that crosslinking between lignin and polysaccharides by ester-ether bridges via ferulic acid contributes to the mechanical properties of the cell walls of rice straw. Thus the chemical and structural characteristics of lignin in rice straw differ to some extent from those of other temperate grasses, such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) and phalaris (Phalaris aquatica), as reported previously. This can probably be attributed to the water environment of rapidly growing rice seedlings, but it also depends on the genetic variety of the rice plant.     

Effects of Pinus massoniana bark extract on the adhesion and migration capabilities of HeLa cells

Pinus massoniana Lamb is a Chinese red pine species used in traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of human health disorders. Recent studies have shown that P. massoniana bark extract (PMBE) has an anti-proliferation effect on cancer cells. However, it is not clear if PMBE affects cancer cell migration and/or invasion. We tested the effect of PMBE, which has B-type procyanidin as its main constituent, on the adhesion and migration capabilities of HeLa cells, a human cervical cancer cell line, cultured in vitro. Our results showed that PMBE has no significant effect on the adhesion capability of HeLa cells, but strongly inhibits their migration. This finding suggests that PMBE could be a potential therapeutic agent for metastatic cancer.     

Effect ofCronartium quercuum on cell chromosome of Xingkai Lake pine

The microscopical observation and karyoltype analysis of embryo root cells of healthy Xingkai Lake pine and Xingkai Lake pine infected byCronartium quercuum were conducted. The results showed that the dividing phase of embryo root cells decreased and the viscidity of cells in dividing phase increased when Xingkai Lake pine was infected byC. quercuum. The karyoltype changed from the contract 4A to 4B, but the number of cell chromosome and karyoltype component did not change. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

Biological activity of extracts fromCupressus lusitanica cell culture

Ethyl acetate extracts ofCupressus lusitanica suspension cell cultures were examined for their biological activities (viz., tyrosinase inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities). The extract from elicitor-treated cells showed all of the biological activities, whereas the extract from cultures without elicitor was not bioactive to a discernible extent. The biological activities shown by the cell culture extracts were almost solely accounted for by-thuj aplicin contained in the extracts. These results suggest that the ethyl acetate extract ofC. lusitanica cells treated with the elicitor is a valuable bioactive source without isolation or purification of-thujaplicin.     

Irbic acid, a dicaffeoylquinic acid derivative from Centella asiatica cell cultures

3,5-O-dicaffeoyl-4-O-malonilquinic acid (1) (irbic acid) has been isolated for the first time from cell cultures of Centella asiatica and till now it has never been reported to be present in the intact plant. Evidence of its structure was obtained by spectroscopic analyses (MS/NMR). Besides 1, cell cultures produce also the known 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid, and the triferulic acid 2 (4-O-8′/4′-O-8″-didehydrotriferulic acid). Biological activities were evaluated for compound 1, which showed to have a strong radical scavenging capacity, together with a high inhibitory activity on collagenase. This suggests a possible utilization of this substance as a topical agent to reduce the skin ageing process.     

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF LARCH CASEBEARER

The nucleopolyhedrosis virust(NPV)of larch casebearer(Dendrolimus superans)is inquadrangle or irregular form. It’s diameter is ranged from 1.21um to 2.33um.There is one ormany vrions in each envelope.The size of the virion is about 29.1--60.5nm×244.2--325.6nm     

Programmed cell death of Ulmus pumila L. seeds during aging

The programmed cell death (PCD) characteristics of Ulmus pumila L. seeds were investigated. The seeds were treated at a high temperature of 37°C and 100% relative humidity for six days. DAPI (4′6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining revealed that the aging treatment induced condensation and margination of chromatin, as well as the formation of apoptotic bodies. DNA electrophoresis results of U. pumila seeds on an agarose gel showed a characteristic “ladder” pattern. Levels of electrolyte leakage of seed cells showed that membranes retained their integral form during almost the entire aging time. There was an immediate increase in the production rate of superoxide anion (O₂ ⁻) and in the amount of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), which remained at a μmol level. All of these common characteristics indicate that seed aging can be classified as PCD. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2007, 29(3): 8–14 [译自: 北京林业大学学报]     

Large electro-fused protoplasts ofPopulus alba selected by a micromanipulator: Techniques and some characteristics of cells and their regenerants

An improved method for selection of large electro-fused protoplasts ofPopulus alba by a micromanipulator was developed. The conditions for electric cell fusion treatment were optimized. For the best result, protoplasts with a cell density of 5 × 10⁵/mL were treated with an alternate current (1 MHz, 200 V/cm) and pulsed with a direct current (2 kV/cm) for 100μs in 2.5 mM CaCl₂ and 0.55 M mannitol. The electo-fused protoplasts were cultured in NH₄NO₃-free Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 0.6 M of mannitol, 0.09 M sucrose, 1μM of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.1μM of benzyladenine, the same medium used for protoplast culture, but at a very low cell density of 5–10 × 10²/mL in a well of a 96-well culture plate. When cell aggregates derived from individual fused protoplasts were transferred to fresh medium with 0, 0.3 or 0.6 M mannitol, large colonies developed. In the shoot differentiation medium, the reaction of the calluses derived from large fused protoplasts towards the growth regulators differed from the non-fused ones. In medium containing 1μM each of naphthalene acetic acid andN-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea, growth of callus from electro-fused ones was not reduced by much compared to the control, but shoot differentiation was inhibited. Gibberellic acid (0.1–10μM) was beneficial to shoot regeneration; however, irregularly shaped leaves appeared at high gibberellic acid concentrations. Shoots regenerated were rooted in Murashige and Skoog’s medium containing 4μM of indole-3-butyric acid. Some plantlets obtained had a varied morphology. Based on the characteristics of growth, some cells derived from electro-fused protoplasts appear to be physiologically different from the non-fused one.     

Study on histopathology of nuclear polyhedrosis virus ofZethenia rufescentaria Motsch

This paper reports the histological observation of larvae ofZethenia rufescentaria Motsch. after infection by ZrNPV. Histopathologic study revealed that ZrNPV were multiplied within the nuclear of fat body, epidermis cell, midgut cell, tracheal matrix and blood cell. These cells showed obvious cytopathic effects. The nucleus of infected cells underwent swelled. Under electron microscope, virus and polyhedral of ZrNPV were clearly observed in these nucleus of infected cells. The nucleus of susceptible tissues were fulfilled with polyhedra after 70–140 h. This project was supported by the Natural Sciences Foundation of Heilongjiang Province Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

Transmission of mitochondrial plasmids in protoplast cell fusion between compatible monokaryons of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lentinula edodes</Emphasis>

Electrophoretic analysis of the transmission pattern of mitochondrial plasmids in protoplast cell fusion between compatible monokaryons of Lentinula edodes indicates that three of the four plasmids carried in parental monokaryons are effectively transferred and replicated in the protoplast fusants. The two monokaryons, 1158a and 1569a, carried different plasmids that could be distinguished by a single restriction digest. Electrophoresis of intact plasmids and restriction analyses indicate that all but one of the fusants carry three of the four possible plasmids, indicating that transmission of plasmids in protoplast fusions is principally biparental in L. edodes. Thus, heterocytoplasmic cells of L. edodes can be effectively constructed by protoplast cell fusion. In addition, plasmids of the same homology group cannot coexist in the heteroplasmic cells after protoplast cell fusion. Contribution No. 382 of the Tottori Mycological Institute     

Structural features of a new heteropolysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Melia azedarach and its effect on cytotoxic activity

Water-soluble polysaccharides were extracted from the fruit pulps of Melia azedarach and some columns were undertaken to isolate the major polysaccharide (MPS-III). Its structural features were elucidated by IR analysis, carbohydrate analysis, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, methylation analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Then it was evaluated for the cytotoxic activity in vitro against four human cell lines, using the sulphorhodamine B assay. The data obtained indicated that MPS-III contains a α(1→4) main chain backbone composed of arabinose, mannose in a molar ratio of 1.31:1.0 and has α(1→6) branch structure. And MPS-III showed a strong cytotoxic activity in the BGC-823 cell line.     

Electroantennogram responses of Dendrolimus superans (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) to six volatiles of Larix gmelinii

Dendrolimus superans is one of the important pests feeding on the needles of Larix gmelinii. Six standard compounds, (1R)-(−)-α-pinene, (1S)-(−)-α-pinene, ocimene, (1S)-(−)-β-pinene, R(−)-α-phellandrene and camphene, the main volatiles of L. gmelinii were used to test the electroantennogram (EAG) responses of moths. The results show that the order of the EAG responses of moths to seven concentrations of these six compounds were as follows: mated females > virgin females > unmated males, except for 0.1 μL/μL R(−)-α-phellandrene, where the order was: virgin females > mated females > unmated males. There are statistically significant differences between the EAG responses of virgin females and unmated males (p < 0.05), and also between mated females with virgin females and mated females and unmated males (p < 0.01), which suggests that the mated females are more sensitive to the volatiles of host plant. The results of EAG responses of the mated females, virgin females and unmated males indicate that they are more sensitive to R(−)-α-phellandrene than to the other volatile components. The active time for the EAG responses of both mated females and unmated males occurs during the night, i.e., from 20:00 to 04:00 hours. This is consistent with their eclosion, mating and oviposition periods. __________ Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007, 43(7): 55–60 [译自:林业科学]     

白蜡虫蜡酯合酶在昆虫细胞Sf9中的表达

[目的]本研究欲利用Bac-to-Bac表达系统,在Sf9细胞中表达WS.[方法]将WS编码序列克隆到质粒pFastBac^TMHT B后,转化大肠杆菌DH10Bac^TM,经抗性和蓝白斑筛选,获得重组杆粒rBacmid/EpelWS.将rBacmid/EpelWS转染Sf9细胞.[结果]免疫荧光标记检测表明:WS在受感染细胞的细胞质中表达.[结论]本研究成功表达了白蜡虫WS,为白蜡虫WS的生化特性研究奠定了基础.