The Effect of Preceding Crop and Pre-Sprouting on Crop Growth, N Use and Tuber Yield of Maincrop Potatoes for Processing Under Conditions of N Stress

Factorial field trials were carried out on an experimental farm near Kassel, Germany, in two consecutive seasons (2003 and 2004) in order to examine the impact of leguminous and cereal preceding crops (i) on soil N availability under subsequent potatoes and (ii) the effect of preceding crop and pre‐sprouting of seed tubers on crop development, N uptake, N utilization efficiency and total and size‐graded tuber yields relevant for processing into either crisps or French fries. In addition, an approach to analyse complex field experiments using mixed models is discussed. Soil mineralized nitrate‐N at emergence of the potato crop was affected by the preceding crop and was highest when potatoes followed peas, while the short‐term alfalfa/grass/clover ley appeared too sensitive to environmental conditions in the preceding cropping season, and its efficiency in terms of N supply may be hard to predict. Pre‐sprouting advanced crop development and dry matter accumulation of the canopy, translocation of assimilates and N from canopy into tubers and allowed an increased N utilization efficiency. The positive effect of pre‐sprouting on total tuber yield was compensated up to the final harvest, but a higher percentage of marketable tuber yield for French fries (>50 mm) was found independently of the date of harvest. An increasing N supply (after peas and a following catch crop) may be efficient in terms of higher yields of the marketable size‐grades (40–65 mm) for crisps, but increase oversized tuber yields in seasons not affected by Phytophthora infestans. Average tuber fresh weight responded consistently and positively to seed‐tuber preparation (pre‐sprouting), cultivar (cv. Agria) and an increased N supply (after peas).     

水产品质量安全支付意愿影响因素分析——以上海市消费者为例

为研究消费者对水产品质量安全支付意愿的影响因素,通过对上海市消费者问卷调查数据,利用SPSS统计分析软件对消费者安全水产品支付意愿进行回归分析。结果显示：消费者的家庭月收入水平、每月在农产品上的花费、水产品的鲜活程度、质量安全以及性别因素对消费者的质量安全支付意愿有较大影响,并在此基础上提出相关建议：加大对水产品质量安全的宣传及推广;增加对认证水产品的补贴;健全质量安全保障体系。

     

无柄小叶榕容器苗形态和生理质量评价指标筛选

因其独特的园林景观和耐低温、耐盐碱的特征, 无柄小叶榕是热带、亚热带地区生态环境建设和泥质海岸防护林的重要树种之一。苗木质量直接影响到造林成活率及初期的长势。本研究以180 d的无柄小叶榕容器苗为研究材料,测定无柄小叶榕容器苗的形态、生理等共31个指标因子,通过主成分分析、综合评定,找出能够反映无柄小叶榕容器苗质量的关键指标以及辅助指标。研究结果表明：无柄小叶榕容器苗的苗木质量主要决定于苗木的总生物量、地下干物质、地径和根团。评定无柄小叶榕容器苗的质量应以苗木的地径、全株干（鲜）重、质量指数、根干（鲜）重、茎干（鲜）重等形态指标,结合光合指标（净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、蒸腾速率、水分利用率）、叶绿素含量（A、B及总叶绿素）、根系活力等生理指标为关键指标,并辅以苗高和高径比作为辅助指标来综合评价。