皖西白鹅雌鹅生殖激素水平研究

本文研究了皖西白鹅雌鹅几种主要生殖激素在生殖期与非生殖期的变化情况.相关激素测定的结果表明血清中垂体泌乳素(PRL)、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)含量在生殖期和非生殖期呈现规律性变化.随着雌鹅进入生殖期,雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)含量都逐渐升高,特别是在生殖期的后期,二者都出现了峰值,然后随着雌鹅离开生殖期而逐渐下降.而垂体泌乳素(PRL)在血清中的含量变化情况却与雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)含量变化情况相反.在生殖后期含量下降,而离开生殖期后,含量反而升高.     

白香猪发情周期外周血清P4、E2和LH含量的变化

用放射免疫分析法(RIA)测定了10头白香猪发情周期外周血清孕酮(P4)、17β-雌二醇(E2)和促黄体素(LH)含量的变化。血清孕酮的含量,在发情周期的第2d逐渐升高,峰值为21.25ng/ml±2.00ng/ml;E2含量的变化较特殊,在发情当天出现一个峰值,但最高值却出现在发情周期的第11d～13d,为79.48pg/ml±10.77pg/ml;促黄体素的含量在发情当日达到最高值以后逐渐下降。     

圈养黑熊发情周期尿液雌二醇、孕酮含量变化研究

为了研究圈养黑熊发情周期尿液中雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)含量的变化规律,试验采用酶联免疫技术连续2个月测定了四川养麝研究所6只圈养黑熊在发情期间的E2和P的浓度变化。结果表明:经产圈养黑熊E2和P含量极显著高于未产仔圈养黑熊(P0.01);圈养黑熊尿液中E2和P浓度呈现波动式变化,且每头圈养黑熊的E2和P有2~3个峰值。说明圈养黑熊尿液中E2和P含量变化能直接反映其繁殖规律,E2对启动繁殖发情起重要作用;P含量的变化不能作为判断圈养黑熊妊娠的标准。     

共轭亚油酸对小鼠产子数及血清中4种生殖相关指标的影响

试验旨在研究共轭亚油酸(CLA)对小鼠生殖性能的影响。试验选用60只6~7周龄的昆明雌性小鼠,随机分为2组。对照组饲喂添加1.5%花生油的繁殖颗粒料,试验组饲喂添加1.5%花生油和1.5%共轭亚油酸的繁殖颗粒料。采用酶联免疫法测定间情期、发情期、妊娠5 d和妊娠9 d小鼠的血清瘦素、内脂素、雌二醇(E2)和孕酮(P)含量,并计胚胎数(妊娠5 d和9 d)及产子数,每组各6只。结果表明:共轭亚油酸可显著降低各阶段的血清瘦素、内脂素和雌二醇水平(P0.01或P0.05);可使血清孕酮水平升高,并在间情期、妊娠5 d和妊娠9 d时差异极显著(P0.01);显著增加窝产子数(P0.05)。综上所述,共轭亚油酸能够影响血清瘦素、雌激素和孕酮水平,提高小鼠的生殖能力。     

牦牛发情周期和妊娠早期乳脂孕酮水平的变化

采用放射免疫分析法对牦牛发情周期和妊娠早期的乳脂孕酮水平进行了测定,并对应用乳脂孕酮测定进行耗牛早期妊娠诊断的方法作了探讨。4头牦牛发情周期乳脂孕酮水平的变化类型与奶牛基本相似。发情期的乳脂孕酮含量低,为0.10±0.01(S.E.)ng/10μl;发情终止后4～5天,孕酮含量开始显著升高(P<0.01),并分别于周期第16,17,21和22天(周期长度分别为20、24、25、27天)达到峰值,平均为1.69±0.10(S.E)ng/10μl,下次发情前2天孕酮含量急剧下降到较低水平,于下次发情时重返到基础水平。15头牦牛妊娠12—30天的乳脂孕酮含量维持较高水平,平均为2.18±0.05(S.E)ng/10μl,妊娠18、20、22、24、26、28和30天的孕酮含量极显著高于8头未孕牛授精后相应各天的孕酮含量(P<0.01)。根据配后16和24天两份乳样的乳脂孕酮含量诊断怀孕与未孕的准确率分别为78.9%(15/19)和100%(11/11)。     

广西水牛唾液和血清生殖激素在发情周期的变化规律及相关性分析

[目的]对广西水牛发情周期唾液和血液中雌激素(E2)和孕酮(P4)的浓度变化规律及相关性进行了分析,为进一步探讨水牛发情规律来指导生产提供依据。[方法]采用酶联免疫分析方法(ELISA)测定发情母水牛血液和唾液中E2(雌二醇)和P4(孕酮)的浓度变化,并对血液和唾液的激素变化规律进行了相关性分析。[结果]广西水牛血液和唾液中的E2和P4呈波动性变化,结果表明,发情前期,唾液中P4浓度一直维持在6.57.1ng/mL,第13天达到11.09ng/mL以上,随后快速下降。唾液中E2浓度在发情前期第35天出现一个峰值178.528pg/mL,在1417d唾液中E2浓度显著升高,出现第二个峰值达到120.57pg/mL。唾液E2和P4浓度的变化趋势和血清E2和P4浓度的变化趋势基本一致,相关性较好。母水牛唾液和血清样品的P4浓度相关性显著(R=0.4080;P0.05),母水牛唾液和血清标本的E2浓度相关性显著(R=0.5113;P0.05)母水牛唾液E2和P4浓度相关性非常显著(R=0.7754;P0.01)。[结论]唾液和血液中的这两种激素水平起伏变化基本趋于一致,其相关性显著,可以作为监测水牛发情及预测排卵的可靠指标之一。     

海南黑毛和牛发情周期中生殖激素分泌规律研究

本试验以发情期、妊娠期、休情期的海南黑毛和牛母牛为试验动物,采用双抗体一步夹心法酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA法)测定其血清中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、催乳素(PRL)和孕酮(P4)的含量,对这些生殖激素的分泌规律进行研究。结果表明:FSH与LH分泌趋势基本一致,从发情期到妊娠期再到休情期呈现逐渐下降趋势;E2在进入妊娠期后分泌量显著减少,休情期时变化不大;PRL在妊娠期的分泌水平显著高于非妊娠期(P0.05);P4的分泌水平从发情期到妊娠期显著上升(P0.05),进入休情期逐渐下降。     

蛋壳形成过程中部分生殖激素及其受体基因变化规律的研究

为了解蛋鸡产蛋过程中相关激素和受体基因的变化规律,试验采用放射免疫技术(RIA)和荧光定量PCR技术对蛋壳形成过程中血清孕酮(P4)、雌二醇(E2)2种激素含量的动态变化和孕酮受体(PR)、雌激素受体(ERα)在输卵管子宫部的表达进行测定。结果表明:蛋进入子宫前1小时孕酮含量最高,与其他时间点相比差异极显著(P0.01),蛋进入子宫部后孕酮含量逐渐下降,直到产蛋后1小时孕酮含量开始上升;雌二醇含量在蛋进入输卵管子宫部15小时最高,蛋排出时最低,产蛋后1小时开始升高;蛋壳形成过程中PGRmRNA的变化趋势是下降-上升-下降,蛋进入输卵管子宫部15小时PGR表达量较蛋排出时有极显著提高(P0.01),之后PGR表达量开始下降;在蛋壳形成过程中ERα表达量呈先上升后下降的趋势,在蛋进入输卵管子宫部45分钟时ERα表达量最高,与蛋排出时、产蛋后1小时相比差异极显著(P0.01)。     

饲料着色剂加丽素红对蛋鸡内分泌激素水平的影响研究

为了研究饲料着色剂加丽素红对海兰蛋鸡内分泌激素水平的影响,试验采用化学发光法对饲喂添加加丽素红饲料的海兰蛋鸡血清中胰岛素(ISN)、生长激素(GH)、雌二醇(E2)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)、孕酮(P)、三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)含量进行测定。结果表明:饲料着色剂加丽素红对蛋鸡胰岛素、甲状腺素、促卵泡激素、孕酮、雌二醇等激素代谢水平有影响;生长激素、促黄体生成激素、三碘甲状腺原氨酸含量虽有一定变化,但无统计学意义。     

湘西黄牛发情周期生殖激素变化规律

为了了解生殖激素分泌规律,研究其作用机理,进一步提高家畜的生产性能,试验采集湘西黄牛母牛的血液样品,通过酶联免疫吸附技术测定其在发情周期中促卵泡素(FSH)、促黄体素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)、孕酮(P_4)等激素的水平。结果表明:湘西黄牛的发情周期中,FSH浓度水平为4.92~7.31 m IU/m L,呈先下降后上升的变化趋势;LH浓度水平变化相对平缓,浓度为4.23~6.98 m IU/m L;E2水平变化相对平缓,浓度为16.75~24.33 pg/m L;P4浓度变化非常明显,大致呈先上升后下降的趋势,浓度为0.36~14.85 ng/m L。说明在发情周期中湘西黄牛血清中FSH和孕酮变化规律较明显,而LH和E2水平较平稳。     

Non-structural protein 3A for differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease infected and vaccinated animals in Haryana (India)

There are severe international trade restrictions on foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) affected areas. Because of endemic nature of FMD, India started FMD control programme (FMD-CP) using mass vaccination in selected states including Haryana (year 2003). Although no significant incidence of the disease was reported after launching FMD-CP in the state but in order to participate in international trade of animal and animal products, veterinary authorities have to prove that there is no FMD virus (FMDV) circulation in the animal population, for which it is necessary to differentiate the FMD infected and vaccinated animals. For this purpose, an in-house indirect ELISA utilizing baculovirus-expressed FMDV non-structural protein (NSP) 3A was used to find evidence for virus circulation (prevalence of anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies) by examining serum samples that were collected either before start of FMD-CP or after completion of third phase (Pre-4th) of vaccination in Haryana (India). A significant reduction (P < 0.01) in prevalence of anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies (possibly carriers) was observed 2 years after launching FMD-CP in Haryana. However, in cattle the percentage of animals with anti-NSP 3A-specific antibodies was found to be significantly higher (P < 0.01) than buffalo, both before (P < 0.01) and after (P < 0.01) launching FMD-CP in the state. The findings of this study suggest that use of FMDV vaccine in cattle and buffaloes in endemic areas reduces virus circulation (carriers) in the vaccinated herds and that the current 3ANSP-ELISA can be successfully used to monitor the FMDV circulation in endemic areas.     

The effect of buparvaquone treatment on the levels of some antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase in cattle with theileriosis.

Plasma levels of vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were investigated in cattle naturally infected with Theileria annulata and treated with buparvaquone. There were two groups each containing 30 cattle. Naturally infected cattle were used in the second group. Buparvaquone (2.5 mg/kg body weight) was administered to animals in the second group. Blood samples were taken from control animals, and immediately before treatment, and from animals 10 days after the injection of buparvaquone. Detection of the infected animals was carried out by blood smears. Plasma vitamins A, E, beta carotene, both plasma and erythrocyte GSHPx, LPO and GSH levels were determined. The levels of LPO in plasma and erythrocyte samples were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) higher after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment. Plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and beta carotene were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) lower after treatment than in either control animals or before treatment, while the vitamin E level was found to be higher before treatment than in either the control group or animals after treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The levels of vitamin A in plasma and the activity of GSHPx and GSH in both plasma and erythrocytes in control animals after and before treatment did not differ significantly. In conclusion, we observed that there was a decreased plasma level of vitamin E and beta carotene and an increased level of LPO in cattle treated with buparvaquone. Buparvaquone might function in the treatment of Theileria annulata by forming free radicals.     

用EMA-1基因重组蛋白对马巴贝斯虫病的血清学调查

在寄生虫病的血清学诊断中 ,常用的虫体抗原有纯化难、制备有限和部分交叉反应等缺点。以重组蛋白作为诊断抗原具有特异性强、敏感性高、制备简单和易纯化等优点。本试验以EMA-1基因重组蛋白为诊断抗原 ,用 EL ISA方法对延边地区马巴贝斯虫病进行了血清学调查。结果表明 ,该地区马巴贝斯虫病的血清阳性率为 3 4.2 % ( 3 8/ 1 1 1 ) ,而血涂片染色镜检法的阳性率为 1 3 .5% ( 1 5/ 1 1 1 ) ,两者之间差异极显著 ( P <0 .0 1 )。不同牧地和不同年龄被检血清阳性率之间未见显著差异。     

Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin E during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites, and thermogenesis

Twin-bearing Targhee ewes (Exp. 1, 1 yr, n = 42) and 1,182 single- and twin-bearing whiteface range ewes (Exp. 2, n = 8 experimental units over 2 yr) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effect of supplemental energy source and level of vitamin E supplement on lamb serum metabolites and thermogenesis (Exp. 1) and on lamb growth (Exp. 2). During late gestation, ewes were individually fed (Exp. 1) or group-fed (Exp. 2) a daily supplement. Supplements were 226 g/ewe of daily safflower seed (DM basis; SS) with either 350 IU/ewe daily (VE) or no added supplemental (VC) vitamin E; or 340 g/ewe daily of a barley-based grain supplement (DM basis; GC) and either VE or VC. One hour postpartum in Exp. 1, twin-born lambs were placed in a 0 degrees C dry cold chamber for 30 min. Lamb rectal temperature was recorded every 60 s and blood samples were taken immediately before and after cold exposure. In Exp. 2, lambs were weighed at birth, at turnout from confinement to spring range (32 d of age +/- 7; turnout), and at weaning (120 d of age +/- 7). Ewes were weighed at turnout and weaning. In Exp. 1, a level of vitamin E x energy source interaction was detected (P < 0.10) for body temperature and change in NEFA and glucose concentrations. Lambs from SSVC ewes had the lowest (P = 0.01) body temperature and had decreased (P = 0.08) NEFA concentration. The SS lambs tended to have decreased (P < 0.11) concentrations of blood urea N (BUN) and thyroxine at 0 min than did lambs born to GC ewes. After 30 min of cold exposure, SS lambs had increased and GC lambs had decreased BUN, triiodothyronine, and triiodothyronine:thyroxine concentrations (P < 0.10). In Exp. 2, kilograms of lamb per ewe at turnout and weaning and lamb survival at weaning were greater (P < 0.07) for GC than SS lambs. Based on the decreased body temperature in SSVC lambs at birth, the greater change in BUN during the cold exposure for SS than GC lambs, and the decreased survival rate for SS than GC lambs, SSVC-supplemented ewes appeared to give birth to lambs with an apparently decreased energetic capacity. This may compromise the ability of the newborn lamb to adapt to extreme environmental conditions.     

高乌甲素对犬围术期血清β-EP、IL-2水平的影响

为探讨高鸟甲素对犬围术期血清β-内啡肽（β-EP）、白细胞介素-2（IL-2）水平的影响,了解犬术后镇痛、调节免疫、减少应激的方法与途径,选取健康本地犬20只,随机均分为4组（A、B、C、D组）,分别进行耳廓部分切除术。A组和B组在麻醉前分别于肌肉注射高鸟甲素注射液0．4、0．8mg／kg;C组在麻醉前于肌肉注射复方氨林巴比妥注射液2mL;D组不采取任何镇痛措施。各组动物分别于术前（T1）、术毕（T2）、术后4h（T3）、术后12h（T4）、术后24h（T5）无茵采集外周血液,测定血清中pEP、IL-2的含量,分析统计各数值的变化。结果显示,术后各组犬的血清β-EP含量均有不同程度升高,其中B组只在T2和T3与术前有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而A、C、D组术后各时间点β-EP含量与术前相比均有显著差异（P〈0．05）或极显著差异（P〈0．01）。各组犬的血清IL-2含量在T1后都有下降,并于T3后开始上升;B组在术后各时间点与术前相比均无明显差异（P〉0．05）,且变化幅度最小;A组只在T3和T4与术前相比有显著差异（P〈0．05）;C、D组术后各时间点与术前相比均有显著差异（P〈0．05）或极显著差异（P〈0．01）。结果表明,高鸟甲素能够有效抑制犬术后血清俨EP升高和IL-2降低的幅度,可以作为动物临床镇痛的有效药物使用,在本试验设定的剂量中,运用高鸟甲素0．8mg／kg对犬术后镇痛、调节免疫、抗应激的效果较好。     

Effects of Selenium Administration on Erythrocyte and Blood Plasma Glutathione Peroxidase Activity in Goats

The activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px, E.G. 1.11.1.9.) was determined in heparinized whole blood, blood plasma and washed erythrocytes from goats before and up to 4 weeks after the administration of selenium (0.4 mg/10 kg BW) and vitamin E (20 mg/10 kg BW) or only vit. E (20 mg/10 kg BW). It was found that Se administration caused a significant increase in enzyme activity in whole blood and washed erythrocytes first detected 2 weeks after the intramuscular injection of Se. No changes were observed in plasma from the treated animals. Minor and insignificant changes were seen in the vit. E treated control animals. It is concluded that GSH-Px activity in blood plasma or serum is of no value as a short-term indicator of the selenium status of goats but whole blood is a good indicator of the long-term status.     

Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins and its interdependence

Three main factors underlying the immunity state of newborn calves are evaluated. During the absorption of colostral immunoglobulins the immunoprotein profile of a newborn calf is influenced by the following factors (arranged according to importance): volume of the first colostrum taken in, time of the first drinking, and immunoglobulin concentration (IgG and IgM) in colostrum. When given 1.1 or 2.0 litres of colostrum of about the same quality (as to immunity), the calves of the compared groups had significantly different levels of total serum Ig measured 24 hours after birth: 10.7 and 18.6 U ZST (P less than 0.05) and 48 hours after birth: 11.7 and 19.7 U ZST (P less than 0.01). A significant difference in total serum proteins was observed only in the 48th hour post partum (54.4 and 63.6 g per litre; P less than 0.05). At the intake of 1.5 litres of colostrum within two and five hours after birth, with the same total intake of the sum of IgG and IgM in the groups, the calves exhibited, in the 24th hour, total serum Ig levels of 14.4 and 12.4 U ZST (P greater than 0.05) respectively, and 56.0 and 47.9 g per litre (P greater than 0.05) of total serum protein, respectively. With a different concentration of colostral IgG (122.0 or 77.0 g per litre) the statistically significant Ig absorption into blood was adequately different (17.2 and 10.0 U ZST, respectively, P less than 0.05). The differences in the concentration of total serum Ig and total proteins between the 24th and 48th hour after birth were only very small and statistically insignificant. Regression analysis proved a significant relation (P less than 0.01) between the level of total serum Ig 24 and 48 hours after birth and the total amount of IgG and IgM taken in with the first colostrum. The calves coming from primiparae had a lower immunity (P less than 0.01) in comparison with the calves of multiparae. A similar relation in the absorption of colostral Ig was observed when the spontaneously born calves were compared with those born by the Caesarean section (P less than 0.01).     

Cold stress reduces the acquisition of colostral immunoglobulin in piglets

One-hundred and fourteen piglets were utilized in two experiments designed to determine the effect of a single or intermittent exposure to cold air on the acquisition of colostral gamma globulin. Piglets were allotted before nursing according to weight and sex to a thermoneutral (36 C) or a cold (10 C) treatment group. After nursing, gamma globulin in serum increased in both thermoneutral and cold-stressed piglets. However, the single 2.5-hr cold exposure near birth lowered (P less than .01) gamma globulin concentrations in serum at 14.5 hr of age and tended (P less than .10) to lower immunoglobulin levels at 24, 36 and 48 hr after thermal treatment. In the second experiment, three intermittent 1-hr exposures to 10 C during the first 15 hr of life consistently lowered serum gamma globulin by comparison with concentrations in the serum of piglets held at thermoneutrality (36 C), but these differences were not significant. Piglets dying before 21 days had lower (P less than .10 and P less than .01, Exp. 1 and Exp. 2, respectively) gamma globulin concentrations in the serum during the first day of life than did those piglets that survived. These data indicate that a single 2.5-hr exposure to cold air temperatures at birth reduces the subsequent acquisition of colostral immunoglobulin. A reduction in the amount of antigen-specific antibody from colostrum may contribute to preweaning mortality among young pigs.     

Changes in pelvic conformation and peripheral estrone concentrations in pre- and post-partum beef cows

An experiment was conducted to investigate the temporal relationship of peripheral estrone (E1) concentration to changes in the size of the pelvic opening preceding and immediately following parturition. Twenty-six multiparous beef cows were observed from approximately 50 d prepartum to 7 d postpartum. Blood samples were collected at 7 d intervals preceding calving and at 1, 3 and 7 d following for E1 quantitation. Estimates of pelvic opening area were made at the time of blood sampling. Peripheral E1 concentrations were elevated beginning at approximately 25 d prepartum. Dams bearing male fetuses had greater (P less than 0.01) concentrations of E1 than did dams with female fetuses. Calf birth weight was correlated (r = 0.44, P less than 0.01) with E1 levels from 10 d prepartum through parturition. Postpartum pelvic area was greater for cows giving birth to male calves, with no significant differences for calf birth weights by sex. Correlations were observed between E1 concentration, and pelvic area measured from 50 d prepartum to 7 d postpartum (r = 0.26, P less than 0.01), 10 d prepartum to calving (r = 0.42, P less than 0.01), and from calving to 7 d postpartum (r = 0.33, P less than 0.01). Percentage increase in E1 concentration from 50 d prepartum to calving was significantly correlated (r = 0.75, P less than 0.01) to percentage pelvic area increase over the same period. A correlation also exists between maternal E1 concentrations and fetal sex and pelvic area. In summary, the increased estrogen concentrations in cows with male calves may facilitate pelvic spread, resulting in a larger pelvic opening.     

Clinical signs and hormonal changes in dairy heifers after induction of parturition with prostaglandin F2 alpha

Parturition was induced in 12 dairy heifers with prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha about 2 weeks before the expected time of calving. Eight animals gave birth after two injections (group 1), three animals needed more than two injections (group 2) and one animal (cow no. 740) required one injection. All animals in groups 1 and 2 had retained foetal membranes and the time needed to induce parturition was 59 +/- 7 and 149 +/- 10 h, respectively. As cow no. 740 did not have retained foetal membranes and calved 24 h after one PGF2 alpha injection, it was excluded from the results. Udder distension and relaxation of the pelvic ligaments could predict the calving to within 12 h. Furthermore, the pre-calving drop of body temperature could predict the time of parturition to within 16 h. The total white blood cells and polymorphonuclear cells were at their highest values on the day preceding parturition whereas mononuclear cells had a tendency to increase 3 days after calving. Increased levels of haemoglobin were found at the time of parturition, whereas, plasma-calcium levels significantly decreased after parturition (P < 0.001). Progesterone levels markedly decreased after the first PGF2 alpha injection and reached 2 nmol/l at the time of parturition. Plasma levels of oestradiol-17 beta reached the peak at the time of parturition, whereas, the highest levels of the PGF2 alpha metabolite and cortisol were recorded 16 h after calving.