共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
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水稻对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
《杂交水稻》2015,(3):2-8
日益严重的稻田镉污染威胁着中国生态安全和食品安全,培育低镉积累品种以降低稻米镉含量或者培育耐镉品种以用于植物修复是治理稻田镉污染的理想手段,阐明植物对镉的吸收和转运的分子机理是培育低镉品种和耐镉品种的前提。综述了水稻等植物对镉的吸收和转运的生理机制以及镉吸收、转运、隔离及外排过程中参与的各种镉诱导转运蛋白功能的研究进展有利于低镉积累水稻品种的培育,并促进水稻作为植物修复模式植物在降低土壤镉污染的生态治理中的应用。 相似文献
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综述了大田生产中氮肥运筹对重金属污染土壤中水稻对镉的吸收与转运的影响,从不同形态氮肥耦合灌溉对土壤理化环境、水稻根表铁膜、水稻各器官亚细胞结构以及镉元素在植株体内转运特点的影响进行分析,并阐述了氮肥对植物镉吸收的影响机制。今后研究的侧重点应当结合复杂的环境变量条件,选择适合不同地区实际生产的水稻品种,进一步探索不同的氮肥种类和施用方式与水稻吸收富集镉之间的关系,并注重寻找调控相关过程的关键基因及其表达产物,明确镉胁迫环境中水稻产生应答的相关生理过程,进一步在生产实践中指导镉污染稻田中的肥料精确释放。 相似文献
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为探讨镉(Cadmium, Cd)在籽粒Cd积累量差异较大的2个常规籼型水稻品种‘黄华占’(Cd低积累)和‘IR68144’(Cd高积累)幼苗中的吸收和转运特性,分析了在不同浓度Cd胁迫下2个水稻品种幼苗的生长发育和Cd在根系及地上部的积累特征,以及随着时间推移Cd在根系和地上部的富集动态。结果表明:(1)与‘IR68144’相比,‘黄华占’更易受到高浓度镉胁迫的毒害,但低浓度镉对其生长的促进作用也更强;(2)在不同浓度Cd胁迫下,‘黄华占’根系对Cd的吸收能力强于‘IR68144’;低Cd条件下,‘黄华占’地上部的Cd含量也高于‘IR68144’,但高Cd浓度时,‘IR68144’的地上部Cd转移系数远远高于‘黄华占’,导致其地上部Cd含量高于‘黄华占’;(3)除Cd处理初始阶段外,‘黄华占’根系的Cd含量都高于‘IR68144’;在Cd处理早期,2个品种地上部的Cd含量相当,之后‘IR68144’的Cd含量更高,其原因可能是其地上部Cd转移系数上升。 相似文献
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目的 低磷胁迫是限制水稻产量的主要因素之一。水稻淹水条件下产生H2S,然而,H2S作为信号分子是否参与调节水稻响应缺磷胁迫还未可知。方法 在正常磷和低磷条件下测定水稻H2S含量,揭示H2S在水稻响应缺磷胁迫中的作用。用2 μmol/L H2S前体物质NaHS预处理水稻1 d,然后在加磷和低磷条件下培养6 d,测定水稻体内总磷含量、酸性磷酸酶活性、抗氧化酶活性、木质部汁液磷含量、磷转运子基因表达以及根系构型变化,从而探究H2S参与调节水稻响应缺磷胁迫的生理和分子机制。结论 低磷胁迫下,水稻根系和地上部H2S含量显著增加。NaHS预处理水稻显著增加低磷条件下水稻体内有效磷和总磷含量,提高根系酸性磷酸酶活性,提高抗氧化酶活性、木质部汁液磷含量和磷转运子基因表达水平,同时还改变水稻根系构型,增加总根长、总根表面积、总根体积和总根尖数,从而促进低磷条件下水稻对外界磷的吸收和转运,最终缓解缺磷胁迫。 相似文献
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LIU Jian-guo XU Hai CAI Guo-liang QIAN Min WANG De-ke ZHU Qing-sen 《水稻科学》2006,13(4):278-282
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic pollutants, which can easily enter into food chain through cereal. Excessive intake of Cd by human body may damage kidney and has several other chronic effects [1]. Though plants do not require Cd for growth and development, but the bioaccumulation index of Cd in plants is high and may exceed many essential elements [2]. Moreover, Cd may pose a risk to human and animal health at plant tissue concentrations that are not generally phytotoxic [3]. Therefore… 相似文献
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锰-镉互作对水稻生长和植株镉、锰含量的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
在水培条件下,设置不同水平锰、镉处理,研究了锰对镉胁迫下水稻生长及植株镉、锰、铁、锌含量的影响。在镉胁迫下,正常锰处理(约0.50mg/L)可显著缓解镉对水稻生长的抑制,表现为株高、根长、叶绿素(a、b)含量等参数均高于低锰处理。随着镉处理水平的提高,水稻根系与地上部的镉含量随之上升;在同一镉处理水平下,植株地上部和根系镉含量因培养液中锰水平不同而异:随着锰处理水平的增加,水稻根系中的镉含量下降,而地上部镉含量则显著增加。随着锰、镉处理水平的提高,水稻植株地上部和根系中的铁、锌含量显著下降。此外,还对锰控制水稻镉积累的机理及其利用价值进行了讨论。 相似文献
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低植酸水稻种质资源筛选、遗传生理调控与环境生态适应性研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提高或维持水稻产量的同时,提高稻米品质已成为目前水稻育种的首要目标之一。其中,通过降低籽粒中植酸等抗营养因子,增加锌、铁生物有效性以提升水稻营养品质,是目前水稻品质改良的一个重要方向。本文主要综述了水稻籽粒中植酸合成的代谢路径、低植酸水稻的筛选及相关功能基因的遗传特点、植酸生理代谢的调控网络、低植酸水稻农艺性状劣变和生态适应性降低的生理原因、籽粒植酸合成的环境调控效应等相关研究进展。可为低植酸水稻品质改良以及栽培调优提供借鉴。 相似文献
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Influences of Cadmium on Grain Mineral Nutrient Contents of Two Rice Genotypes Differing in Grain Cadmium Accumulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Cd on grain Cd, K, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn accumulation in two rice genotypes (Xiushui 63 and Xiushui 217) differing in grain Cd accumulation under four Cd levels, i.e. 0, 0.5, 2.5 and 12.5 mg/kg. Rice genotype greatly affected the grain K content, but not significantly for P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents. There were remarkable effects of additional Cd on the contents of P, Mg and Zn in grains, while not significant for K, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents. No significant differences were found in the interaction of genotype by additional Cd on these nine element contents. The low grain Cd accumulation genotype Xiushui 217 had significantly higher grain K, Mg, Cu and Mn contents than the high grain Cd accumulation genotype Xiushui 63, but the case was opposite for Zn, Pb and Fe contents. It also showed that Cd addition levels significantly influenced the K, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe and Mn contents in rice grains. Grain K, P, Mg, Zn, Fe and Mn contents reduced with the increasing rate of Cd addition. 相似文献
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ZHOU Li-Jun Ao Guang-Hui XIAO Yi Wu Xian-Jun LI Shi-Gui 《水稻科学》2005,12(4):249-254
The mechanism of early generation stability (EGS) in rice was studied via genetic analysis. Three types of crosses were made, namely between EGS varieties, EGS and conventional rice variety, and conventional rice varieties. The genetic analysis was based on the stable lines in F2 population. The stable lines may appear from some combinations of EGS rice crossing with each other and EGS rice crossing with conventional varieties at different frequencies, but stable lines didn't appear in conventional varieties crossing with conventional varieties. Genetic analysis results indicated that the EGS phenomena should just exist in special rice materials, and the frequency of stable lines was closely related to the EGS traits of parents. The EGS traits were neither qualitative nor quantitative traits, and they were controlled by neither dominant genes nor recessive genes. The EGS traits might be inherited by F1 single plant, and the traits of F3 and F4 were corresponded to those of F2 population, i.e. F3 and F4 lines derived from non-segregating F2 showed uniform agronomic traits, and those from segregating F2.did not. The agronomic traits of EGS lines were consistent with those of F1 single plant. On the other hand, when EGS lines occurred, the segregating lines in Mendelian manner were also observed in all F2 population of the same combination. It was suggested that the reason why the stable strains occurred might be a special factor to control (open/close) gene at the beginning of cell division in zygote, resulting in closing mitosis and opening somatic reduction. The somatic reduction of zygote resulted in recombination and homozygosity forming in F1 single plant, and some lines with uniform agronomic traits were observed in some lines of F2 population. 相似文献
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水稻粒型基因克隆和调控机制研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水稻粒型是影响其产量和品质的重要性状,阐明其遗传调控机理,有助于提高水稻单产和改良品质。水稻粒型性状主要包括粒长、粒宽、粒厚、长/宽比,属于数量性状,受胚、胚乳及母体植株等不同遗传体系的控制。随着水稻功能基因组学和重测序技术的快速发展,目前已经定位超过400个与水稻粒型相关的数量性状位点(QTL),并已克隆了60个水稻粒型基因,涉及植物激素、泛素-蛋白酶体通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路、G蛋白信号通路及表观修饰等多个调控通路。本文对水稻粒型基因克隆及其调控机制的研究进展进行了系统总结和梳理,并对这些基因在育种上的利用价值进行了评价。 相似文献
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水稻籽粒灌浆速率的发育遗传机制研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以小穗小粒型水稻Milyang 46和大穗大粒型FJCD建立的包含130个家系的F10重组自交系为研究材料,分析福建省武夷山和莆田环境下灌浆期5个阶段灌浆速率的性状表现,并结合已构建的遗传图谱进行QTL动态定位及环境互作研究。QTL分析共检测到10个加性QTL,位于1、2、4、5、8、10号染色体上,对表型变异贡献率为4.52%~17.39%。其中,qGR-5-5、qGR-4-2、qGR-10-1分别在灌浆第2、4、5阶段存在显著的环境互作效应,体现了一因多效。qGR-2-1加性效应可解释表型变异的15 相似文献