奶牛胎衣不下病因及防治效果

奶牛分娩后,胎衣在8￣12h内不能自然完全脱落者称为胎衣不下或胎衣滞留。我国的发病率通常在12%￣30%,有些报道高于50%以上。随着集约化规模化养殖的不断发展,该病的发生呈逐年上升趋势。如何降低胎衣不下发病率和正确处理胎衣不下,无疑是一个值得探讨和重视的问题。本文通过对     

奶牛胎衣不下的治疗

胎衣不下又叫胎衣停滞.是指母牛产犊后的一定时间内,胎衣不能自行脱落而滞留于子宫内.经过近十年调查130头黑白花奶牛胎衣脱落时间统计,产犊后5h内脱落占55.5%,6～10h脱落占41.6%,10h内脱落者,共占97%.胎衣不下发病率11.3%.由于胎衣不下易引起子宫内膜炎,导致产后发情时间延迟,配种次数增加,极大的影响繁殖率.     

奶牛胎衣不下的治疗与预防

胎衣不下又叫胎衣停滞。指母牛产出胎犊后,在一定时间内,胎衣不能脱落而滞留于子宫内。根据对479头奶牛产后胎衣脱落时间的统计,10h内胎衣脱落者占95％以上,故可以认为,超过此时限的为胎衣不下。     

奶牛胎衣不下的预防措施

胎衣不下又叫胎衣停滞。指母牛产出胎犊后,在一定时间内,胎衣不能脱落而滞留于子宫内。根据对479头奶牛产后胎衣脱落时间的统计,10h内胎衣脱落者占95%以上,故可以认为,超过此时限的为胎衣不下。     

乳牛胎衣不下的病因调查及分析

通过３年调查研究,对１０２０头次分娩奶牛的统计,胎衣不下的平均发病率为１９．４％。在相同的饲养管理条件下,各年度的差别不大;与胎次呈正相关;双胎、难产、流产、死产的发病率远高于正常分娩。文章还对胎衣不下的原因和机理做了分析与探讨,并提出了预防措施。     

奶牛胎衣不下的预防措施

胎衣不下又叫胎衣停滞。指母牛产出胎犊后,在一定时间内,胎衣不能脱落而滞留于子宫内。根据对479头奶牛产后胎衣脱落时间的统计,10h内胎衣脱落者占95%以上,故可以认为,超过此时限的为胎衣不下。     

奶牛胎衣不下的病因探讨

通过对牡丹江市三道畜牧场1994－1997年1021头次分娩母牛的配种、产房及兽医记录的统计、分析，调查结果表明该场四年来，年平均胎衣不下发病率为20．86％；夏秋（5－10月）产犊的胎衣不下发病率略高于冬春季（11－4月）。经产母牛的胎衣不下发病率极显著高于初产母牛。从第六胎起胎衣不下发病率明显增高，产双胎时胎衣不下发病率极显著高于产单胎的母牛，单产的胎衣不下发病率显著高于足月分娩母牛，单产死胎的胎衣不下发病率最高。产死胎时胎衣不下发病率显著高于产活犊的母牛。上胎胎衣不下的母牛再次分娩时的胎衣不下发病率，显著高于上胎胎衣自落的母牛。在原床位或运动场上分娩时胎衣不下发病率亦显著高于产房分娩的母牛。     

针对奶牛胎衣不下的防治

胎衣不下又叫胎衣停滞。指母牛产出胎犊后,在一定时间内,胎衣不能脱落而滞留于子宫内。根据对479头奶牛产后胎衣脱落时间的统计,10h内胎衣脱落者占95%以上,故可以认为,超过此时限的为胎衣不下。胎衣不下以年老而高产牛多发,夏季比冬春季多发,其发病率在12%～18%。本病虽不引起死亡,但使产奶量降低,也是子宫内膜炎发生的主要原因,导致久配不孕。1病因1.1日粮不平衡,营养不全面饲料单一,品质不良,矿物质、维生素缺乏或不足,或精饲料喂量过多,机体过肥。1.2产后子宫收缩乏力、弛缓难产时由于长时间子宫的强烈收缩,使子宫肌肉疲劳而继发子宫乏力…     

奶牛胎衣不下的病因初探

对148头次奶牛分娩四年（2000～2003年）来的配种、产后及兽医记录胎衣不下情况进行统计、分析,调查结果表明,年平均胎衣不下发病率达22．97％;夏秋（5～10月）产犊的胎衣不下发病率略高于冬春季（11～来年4月）。经产母牛的胎衣不下发病率极显著高于初产母牛。从母牛产犊的季节、胎次、胎数、环境等方面进行分析,探究发病原因。     

奶牛胎衣不下的处理措施

奶牛胎衣不下是指奶牛分娩后，不能在正常的时间内（4～12小时）将胎膜排出。临床上根据胎衣垂钓于阴门外的多少，将其分为部分胎衣不下和全部胎衣不下。笔者通过在奶牛基地十多年的实践统计，有5％-10％的牛产后胎衣不下，必须对其进行治疗处理。     

奶牛产后胎衣不下原因调查分析及防治

在奶牛养殖领域有不少牛因为长时间胎衣不下滞留在子宫中造成终身不孕,使奶牛利用年限极大缩短,养殖场淘汰率显著升高。为进一步探明青海省门源县奶牛产后胎衣不下的主要原因,于2020年对门源县养殖的奶牛胎衣不下进行深入调查,并明确了造成胎衣不下的主要原因,提出相应的防治措施。     

Efficacy of Ozone and Other Treatment Modalities for Retained Placenta in Dairy Cows

Retained placenta is a worldwide recognized clinical condition in puerperal cows, which can significantly affect their health and fertility. Available treatment modalities are often of questionable efficacy or associated with time constraints, practicality or monetary considerations for their wide application in a routine dairy practice. The objective of this study was to compare and assess the efficacy of different treatment options, including a novel ozone treatment, for the retained placenta. Two hundred cows diagnosed with retained placenta were divided into five treatment groups, each receiving a different treatment option. Group A (n = 40) was given a combination treatment of intrauterine ozone and parenteral cephalexin; group B (n = 40) was given intrauterine ozone; group C (n = 40) was given a combination of parenteral cephalexin and intrauterine antibiotic tablets; group D (n = 40) was given only parenteral cephalexin and group E (n = 40) was given parenteral prostaglandins in 11‐day intervals. The control group (group Z, n = 200) included cows that gave birth without assistance and were not diagnosed with a retained placenta. The ozone treatment (groups A and B) was found to be the most effective modality resulting in the shortest period of days open, the smallest number of artificial inseminations until pregnancy, the smallest number of animals diagnosed with fever within 10 days post‐calving, the highest percentage of animals pregnant within 200 days after calving and the smallest number of animals culled because of infertility, when compared to the other treatment groups. The intrauterine ozone flush therefore has a potential as an efficacious and cost‐effective treatment option for retained placenta, with an overall positive effect on puerperal health and fertility in cows.     

奶牛胎衣不下发病机理研究进展

奶牛胎衣在产后12h内应排出体外,未排出者称之为胎衣不下。奶牛胎衣不下已成为影响奶牛繁殖的主要疾病之一,其发病机理十分复杂。奶牛胎衣不下的发生与奶牛产后子宫收缩无力、胎盘组织结构发生异常、围产期营养代谢紊乱、生殖内分泌激素紊乱、机体免疫状态失调等关系密切。文章对奶牛胎衣不下的发病机制进行了综述,供同仁参考。     

胎衣不下奶牛胎儿胎盘中IL-2含量的测定

通过对胎盘组织中IL-2的含量检测,探讨奶牛发生胎衣不下的免疫学机制。将20头奶牛分为健康对照组和胎衣不下组,采集健康奶牛和胎衣不下奶牛的胎儿胎盘,制备胎盘组织匀浆液,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测其中的IL-2的含量。结果表明,胎衣不下组奶牛胎盘组织中IL-2的含量极显著高于健康组(P0.01),说明胎盘组织中IL-2含量与奶牛发生胎衣不下有密切关系。     

奶牛流产的原因及对策

奶牛流产给养牛生产造成了严重的损失,研究者很难找出问题的症结所在,普通养殖者对流产更是束手无策。笔者综述奶牛流产的原因、诊断及防治,供奶牛生产者参考。1流产的原因传染和非传染性的因素都可能引起流产,传染性的因素包括,细菌、霉菌、病毒和原虫,传染性流产中感染细菌、真菌和病毒的几率分别为50%~65%、20%~25%和15%~25%。在美国西部送到实验室的流产诊断样本中45%是由细菌引起的,31%是由霉菌引起的,15%是由病毒引起的。非传染性的因素包括,日粮营养、化学物质、药物、毒素、有毒植物和激素。另外应该提示的是,接种过疫苗的牛群如发…     

Profile of Bovine Proteins in Retained and Normally Expelled Placenta in Dairy Cows

Tissue‐specific protein profile is determined by its function, structure, intensity of metabolism and usefulness. This profile remains under hormonal control. Any disturbance in the general metabolism may be reflected in changes in both protein quantity and quality. These changes can be of low or high specificity, and some can be used as clinical markers of pathological conditions. The aim of this study was to describe and to compare the protein profile of caruncle and foetal villi of bovine placenta that was either properly released or retained. Placental tissues were collected from healthy cows, divided into releasing and retaining foetal membranes, homogenized and subjected to 1D and 2D electrophoresis. Computer‐aided analysis of gel images showed essential qualitative and quantitative alterations in protein profile between tissues that were properly released and retained. Alterations concerned both the number of fractions and spots as well as the intensity of staining. This preliminary study provides a general overview of the differences in the protein profile between released and retained foetal membranes. It may allow for selecting the group of proteins or single molecules, which should be further analysed in detail as possible markers differentiating the retention of foetal membranes in cows from placentas that were released spontaneously. The continuation of the study for the identification of particular spots detected in 2D gels is necessary.     

奶牛胎衣不下的诊断和治疗

奶牛在产后经常会患上胎衣不下的疾病,可能引发子宫内膜炎和败血症等严重并发症,甚至危及其生命。因此,如果不及时治疗,会对养殖业造成巨大的损失。在奶牛场实习期间,治疗了四头患有胎衣不下的奶牛。采用促进子宫收缩、手术剥离和药物治疗等方法让胎衣成功排出,并防止了感染腐败化脓情况的发生,均取得了比较良好的治疗效果。进一步探索并优化诊断与治疗方案,这对于进一步探究奶牛胎衣不下的诊断和治疗方法具有很大意义。