High-magnesian calcite: leaching of magnesium in the deep sea

The high-magnesian calcite fraction of a shallow-water carbonate sand was converted to low-magnesian calcite after transport to the deep sea; strontium was also leached from the carbonate. Oxygen isotopic ratios indicate that loss of magnesium and strontium took place during recrystallization of the carbonate in the deep sea; this process did not alter textures of skeletal fragments. Previously, high-magnesian, calcite was thought only to dissolve in the deep sea.     

Pelagic sedimentation of aragonite: its geochemical significance

The relative importance of the pelagic flux of aragonite, as compared to calcite, to the deep-sea floor has been evaluated by means of a quantitative x-ray diffraction study of samples collected from sediment traps and from an unusually shallow portion of the open Atlantic Ocean (the Rio Grande Rise). The results suggest that the aragonite flux constitutes at least 12 percent of the total flux of calcium carbonate on a worldwide basis. The presence of high-magnesium calcite in several samples suggests that some of the calcareous material falling to the deep-sea floor may be derived from the long-distance transport of debris from shallow-water beenthic organisms as well as from the settling of planktonic remains. This observation supports the contention that 12 percent represents a minimum value. Aragonite and high-magnesium calcite transported laterally from shallow-water regions, upon dissolution during settling into deeper water, may contribute to the neutralization of excess anthropogenic carbon dioxide added to the oceans.     

Authigenic potassium feldspar in cambrian carbonates: evidence of alleghanian brine migration

The shallow-water limestones and dolostones of the Conococheague Limestone (Upper Cambrian) of western Maryland contain large amounts of authigenic potassium feldspar. The presence of halite daughter crystals in breached fluid inclusions, low whole-rock ratios of chlorine to bromine, and thermochemical data suggest that the potassium feldspar formed at low temperature by the reaction of connate brines with intercalated siliciclastic debris. Analyses of argon age spectra indicate that the authigenic feldspar probably formed during Late Pennsylvanian to Early Permian time. These results may indicate mobilization and migration of connate brines brought about by Alleghanian folding. The widespread occurrence of authigenic potassium feldspar in Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks throughout the Appalachians suggests that this may have occurred throughout the entire basin.     

江苏省响水县浅水藕产业竞争力的分析

莲藕产业是江苏省农业的特色产业,响水县是江苏省发展浅水藕产业的典型县,其浅水藕产业具有较强的竞争优势。文章介绍了响水县浅水藕产业的发展概况,运用"钻石模型"对响水县浅水藕产业竞争力的影响因素进行了分析与总结,提出推进科技兴藕、开拓流通市场、发挥品牌带动、完善专业市场建设等对策建议。     

Middle mississippian blastoid extinction event

The Middle Mississippian blastoid (Phylum Echinodermata) extinction event (about 340 million years ago) was a rapid, habitat-specific extinction. Blastoids became rare or absent in shallow-water environments after the extinction, and this change was probably synchronous worldwide. Onshore-offshore habitat shifts have been recognized as an important historical trend among marine benthos. Unlike trends exhibited by other groups, blastoids appear to have repopulated shallow-water habitats after a period of diminished diversity and abundance.     

Investigation of horizon Beta

Horizon beta is a subbottom reflector in the North Atlantic deep ocean sediments that extends over a large portion of the North America basin. Cores from an outcrop of beta contained shallow-water Aptian-Albian sediments and deep-water Cenomanian sediments. A core near an outcrop of a deeper horizon, horizon B, contained shallow-water Lower Cretaceous (Barremian-Hauterivian) sediments. These cores can be interpreted to support extensive subsidence of the eastern portion of the basin in early Cretaceous time. It is equally likely that the shallow-water deposits are a result of sediments slumping into an already deep basin. A reconciliation of these interpretations depends upon the JOIDES project.     

Foraminiferal evidence of a shallow calcium carbonate solution boundary, ross sea, antarctica

In the Ross Sea, Antarctica, distributions of calcareous Foraminifera and other calcareous microorganisms are dominantly controlled by a shallow calcium carbonate solution boundary that occurs at depths of about 500 meters. Possible causes of substantial undersaturation of Ross Sea bottom waters in calcium carbonate are very low temperatures and high salinities, which favor the solution of calcium carbonate and, possibly, high concentrations of carbon dioxide.     

Radionuclides in mono lake, california

Several radioisotopes of the naturally occurring uranium and thorium decay series, in addition to fallout plutonium, have unusually high concentrations in the water column of Mono Lake, a natural alkaline, saline lake. Complexing by carbonate ions appears to be responsible for the enhanced solubility of actinide elements with oxidation states of IV to VI. In contrast, fallout strontium-90 has been largely removed from the water, probably as a result of coprecipitation with calcium carbonate. The daughter/parent activity ratios of thorium, radium, and uranium isotopes suggest that thorium is removed from the water column to the sediments on time scales substantially longer than a month and that the desorption of thorium from the sediments to the water column requires less than a few years.     

Diamonds, Eclogites, and the Oxidation State of the Earth's Mantle

The reaction dolomite + 2 coesite --><-- diopside + 2 diamond + 2O(2) defines the coexistence of diamond and carbonate in mantle eclogites. The oxygen fugacity of this reaction is approximately 1 log unit higher at a given temperature and pressure than the oxygen fugacities of the analogous reactions that govern the stability of diamond in peridotite. This difference allows diamond-bearing eclogite to coexist with peridotite containing carbonate or carbonate + diamond. This potential coexistence of diamond-bearing eclogite and carbonate-bearing peridotite can explain the presence of carbon-free peridotite interlayered with garnet pyroxenites that contain graphitized diamond in the Moroccan Beni Bousera massif at the Earth's surface and the preferential preservation of diamond-bearing eclogitic relative to peridotitic xenoliths in the Roberts Victor kimberlite.     

Calcium carbonate production of the mare incognitum, the upper windward reef slope, at enewetak atoll

Corals and algal pavement produce calcium carbonate more slowly on the windward reef slope of Enewetak Atoll than on the reef flat despite the high standing crop of reef-building organisms on the slope. The capacity of reefs to remain at or near sea level is therefore not determined primarily by growth on the seaward slope.     

大剂量磷肥对锰、铜、铁素营养的影响

用甘肃主要农业土壤进行盆栽试验，研究施磷对锰、铜、铁素营养的影响。结果表明：（１）施磷显著增加松结有机态锰、紧结有机态锰和松结有机态铁的含量；而降低碳酸盐结合态锰、铜和铁的含量。（２）施锰、铜显著增加松结有机态铜和碳酸盐结合态铜。（３）施磷降低了玉米幼苗的含铜量和含铁量。     

Growth Stasis and Limited Shell Calcification in Larvae of Cymatium parthenopeum During Trans-Atlantic Transport

Larvae of the shallow-water marine gastropod Cymatium parthenopeum show no appreciable shell calcification and no demonstrable growth as they disperse across the Atlantic Ocean. Evidence of what appears to be physiological specialization for prolonged delay of metamorphosis was found in larvae of this prosobranch gastropod.     

Tertiary climatic change in the marginal northeastern pacific ocean

Analysis of distributional patterns of shallow-water molluscan faunas of the middle latitudes of the marginal northeastern Pacific Ocean discloses a sharp reversal during the Miocene of the progressive climatic deterioration. A low point in the Tertiary cooling trend during the Oligocene was followed by climatic warming that culminated during the middle Miocene, as illustrated by a series of zoogeographic profiles.     

Reworked neritic fossils in upper mesozoic and cenozoic central pacific deep-sea sediments monitor sea-level changes

Upper Mesozoic and Cenozoic pelagic sediments in the central Pacific Ocean contain occasional horizons with reworked and displaced fossils produced by organisms that once lived in neritic shallow-water environments. The flux of neritic fossils was restricted to eight intervals of low eustatic sea level during Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic times. They were eroded from shoals along the flanks of volcanic highs which often supported tropical islands and which since then have subsided.     

High-speed cinematographic evidence for ultrafast feeding in antennariid anglerfishes

Analyses by means of high-speed, light cinematography at 800 and 1000 frames per second have shown that members of the shallow-water anglerfish genus Antennarius are capable of producing an enormous suction pressure for prey capture by means of an extraordinarily rapid expansion of the buccal and opercular cavities. Prey is totally engulfed at speeds considerably greater than those recorded for any other fish. The structural adaptations responsible for this rapid prey engulfment provide anglerfishes with one of the fastest known vertebrate feeding mechanisms.     

纳米CaCO3/橡胶复合材料的研究进展

介绍纳米、纳米技术和纳米粒子的特征,综述纳米CaCO3制备、表面改性及纳米CaCO3/橡胶复合材料的研究进展.     

Jurassic sandstone from the tropical atlantic

The oldest sediment yet sampled from the abyssal margins of South America, late Jurassic (or possibly very early Cretaceous) shallow-water, coarse-grained, calcareous sandstone containing palynomorphs and mollusk prisms, was recovered from a depth of 4400 meters on the seaward scarp of the Demerara Plateau. The sandstone was deposited in a shallow, late Jurassic epicontinental sea after the initial stages of rifting when the newly created Atlantic began to founder.     

添加无机碳酸盐对水稻土中Fe(Ⅲ)还原特征的影响

通过添加不同浓度碳酸盐,探讨厌氧泥浆培养过程碳酸盐对6种水稻土Fe(Ⅲ)还原特征的影响。结果表明,添加碳酸盐可显著提高宝坻和东宁水稻土中Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势及最大反应速率,降低最大反应速率所对应的时间;添加高质量摩尔浓度碳酸盐将显著降低上饶和汉中水稻土的Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势和最大反应速率;不同质量摩尔浓度碳酸盐对强酸性的奉化水稻土中Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势没有明显影响,但最大反应速率则表现为先增大后降低的趋势;对于强碱性的松原水稻土表现为Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势降低,但最大反应速率增大。整体比较,添加碳酸盐对酸性水稻土中氧化铁还原的影响程度低于碱性水稻土。典范对应分析表明,添加碳酸盐增加有机质对Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势的贡献,降低无定形氧化铁和游离氧化铁对最大反应速率的贡献。Fe(Ⅲ)还原潜势和最大反应速率与土壤有机质质量分数和培养体系pH有密切联系。     

碳酸钙原位沉积对单根竹纤维拉伸性能的影响

采用离子溶液原位反应法,研究了不同反应温度下碳酸钙在竹纤维上的沉积情况及其对单根竹纤维拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:温度对附着在竹纤维表面的碳酸钙晶粒尺寸及形貌有明显影响,随着温度的升高,碳酸钙由分散性较好的不规则四面体单晶逐渐团聚生长为球形或椭球形;25℃下碳酸钙粒径较均匀,附着量最高,纳米碳酸钙颗粒填充了纤维上的微孔。所有附着碳酸钙的单根竹纤维拉伸性能均有所改善,这可能与填充的碳酸钙颗粒承受纤维孔隙传递的应力有关。CaCO3沉积情况对竹单根纤维力学性能的影响显著,25℃条件下改性慈竹纤维的拉伸强度和弹性模量最高,与未改性纤维相比,分别提高了30.50%和32.71%。     

西南喀斯特石灰土中钙的形态与含量及其对土壤有机碳的影响

【目的】研究钙对喀斯特地区典型土壤有机碳积累与转化的影响。【方法】采取野外取样分析与室内培养相结合的方法,采集两种喀斯特典型土壤（棕色石灰土、黑色石灰土）和一种对照土壤（红壤）共54个样品,检测了土壤中钙的形态与含量及有机碳含量等理化指标。在此基础上,选取3种土壤类型具有代表性的样品,设置不添加外源物质（CK）、添加碳酸钙粉末（T2）和同时添加14C标记的稻草与碳酸钙粉末（T3）3个处理,通过室内培养试验,对培养过程中土壤CO2释放量和4种形态钙的含量进行了检测及分析。【结果】土壤中4种形态的钙以交换态和有机结合态与有机碳关系更为密切。添加碳酸钙显著影响土壤有机碳矿化,有机结合态钙含量的增量均值在红壤、棕色石灰土和黑色石灰土中依次为2.14%、4.66%、10.23%。土壤有机碳矿化对添加钙的激发效应在红壤中最强烈,其次为棕色石灰土,最后为黑色石灰土。【结论】西南喀斯特地区土壤有机碳的稳定性因土壤类型不同而存在差异。土壤有机碳的稳定性为黑色石灰土＞棕色石灰土＞红壤,因此,3种供试土壤中,黑色石灰土最有利于土壤有机碳的积累。