寄主有效性对四纹豆象雌虫(鞘翅目、豆象科)生殖行为的影响

四纹豆象单头雌虫的产卵量通常取决于它们唯一可以利用的豇豆量。巴西品系的雌虫和也门品系的雌虫在40粒豇豆上比在5粒或10粒豇豆上所产的卵多。但是,当给它们提供100粒或140粒豇豆时,其产卵量也不会再增加。在给尼日利亚品系的雌虫提供5粒或更多的豇豆时,其产卵量并无明显的不同。单头雌虫在不同数量的豇豆上所产的卵孵化而成的成虫数因豇豆的数量与雌虫所属的品系而变化。也门品系大约平均每粒豇豆产生一头成虫,其每粒豇豆上至少着一粒卵。因此,每头雌虫产生的后代成虫数便随着着卵的豇豆数目稳定增长。当尼日利亚品系的每头雌虫可以利用来产卵的豇豆是40粒,而不是50粒或10粒时,它就会产生更多的成虫。但是,如果它们有更多的可以利用的豇豆,成虫的数量也不会再增加。巴西品系每头雌虫产生最大数量的成虫后代所需的豇豆量为100粒。由此,可以得出结论,即决定最大限度产卵力和成虫后代产生的条件在品系内及品系间是不同的。如果把这些材料用于种群模拟,其意义就特别重要了!其原因在于它说明了这一害虫对生态因素的种内差异。     

小麦超高产育种栽培筛选方法的研究与应用

为克服传统试验方法的局限性，通过研究形成的小麦超高产育种栽培筛选方法，由建立亩产≥６００ｋｇ的土肥水技术指标，拟定超高产水实施方案，选定对各参试品系共同适宜的播种期和分品系确定相应的合理基本苗等４部分组成，运用该法前后两年对１６个参试品系（以烟农１５做对照）进行了比较筛选，从中选出８０１７－２，９２４４０２，０２５３－４，９０－６等超高产品系，将中选品系用于高产攻关或大面积开发均获成功，尤以８０１     

2004年豇豆品种比较试验

为了进一步鉴定我院蔬菜所选育的豇豆新品系的丰产性以及更全面地了解各品系的生长习性,为豇豆新品系报审认定提供依据,同时筛选适合当地种植的豇豆新品系,提高社会经济效益,确定其推广使用价值,2004年在我院试验基地对8个豇豆品种(系)进行了比较试验.     

矮生起立早熟高产豇豆品种中豇1号

中豇1号是中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所从尼日利亚引进的豇豆品种中的矮生早熟抗病单株选育的特异直立早熟高产新品系。1999年河北省农作物品种审定委员会审定定名中豇1号。1999年被认定为河北省农业名优产品。它是食用籽粒为主的普通豇豆。1选育经过1987年笔者在鉴定的100多份国外引入的豇豆品种（系）中选出早熟、直立、较抗病的优良单株,经1988～1990年连续3年系统选育获得优良品系F0753－1。1992～1994年在北京、河南省郑县、安徽省合肥及陕西省榆林4个鉴定点,先后7次优异种质观察鉴定、8次产量鉴定和4次大田生产试验,均表现较…     

四纹豆象对具有抗虫性的豇豆品种的反应差异

尼日利亚的豇豆品种曾被公认为比常规品种更能抵抗四纹豆象本地品系的发育。本研究比较了四纹豆象的三个品系的未成熟虫态在敏感品种和抗性品种上的发育历期与存活数的差异。在具有抗虫性的豇豆品种中,所有的甲虫品系都一样能存活下来生长为成虫的幼虫很少。而且,其发育历期又显著地延长。巴西品系里能生长为成虫的最少,而尼日利亚品系里平均发育历期最长。从各种调查数据来看,好象也门阿拉伯共和国的品系受到的影响最少,而巴西品系受到具有抗虫性的豇豆的不利影响最大。本研究表明,如果把抗虫品种与敏感品种比较,豇豆和甲虫本身的因素都可能对豆象的行为产生微弱的影响。     

小麦新种质龙88－10881

小麦新种质龙８８－１０８８１随着小麦育种水平的不断提高，已有的小麦种质资源不能满足育种的要求，必须创造育种所需的新种质资源。利用远缘杂交是实现这一目的重要手段。龙８８－１０８８１就是通过两个属间杂种的再杂交而获得的。该品系配合力较好，抗病，优质，矮秆...     

若干小麦抗白粉病品系的有效抗病基因的测定

采用具有不同毒性基因的白粉菌菌株进行苗期接种，通过与已知抗病基因材料抗谱的相似性比较，对１７个抗白粉病育种品系的有效抗病基因进行了分析，其中３个阿拉拉特小麦杂种后代品系、４个Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｍ系统的杂种后代品系及另外１个杂交组合的后代品系含主效抗病基因Ｐｍ２；４个具有Ｖ．Ｐ．Ｍ或Ｃ３９血缘的品系及另外１个品系含主效抗病基因Ｐｍ４ ｂ；１个品系含Ｐｍ２＋６；２个普通小麦－黑麦６Ｄ／６Ｒ代换系的抗谱相似，且不     

贺研系列豇豆新品种制种技术

长豇豆是我国栽培历史悠久、范围广、种植面积大的一种常食蔬菜，其营养丰富、蛋白质含量高，富含粗纤维、碳水化合物、维生素和铁、磷、钙等多种元素。上世纪80年代我国在完成国内豇豆资源的调查与收集工作以来，相关科研单位在育种方面也取得了很大进展，湖南省贺家山原种场种业科学研究所在广泛收集农家资源的基础上，从2003年着手豇豆育种科研工作，现已选育出贺研系列新品种2个，2008年3月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会认定。     

2009-2015年北京市冬小麦区域试验品系的DNA指纹分析

以2009-2015年参加北京区域试验的小麦品系为材料,利用SSR标记进行指纹分析,旨在为小麦品种管理和品种改良提供参考。在130个参试品系中,共检测出一致性和稳定性较差的品系30个、疑似品系28个、两年度间更换样品的品系2个,其中2013-2015年检测出的有问题品系相对较少。遗传多样性分析结果显示,参试品系间存在着一定的遗传差异,但骨干亲本的高频率使用降低了群体的遗传多样性;不同年度间的遗传多样性无明显变化。在今后小麦育种工作中,应尝试在育种资源、育种模式以及育种方向上进行改变,提高北京市小麦品种的遗传多样性,拓宽品种的遗传基础。     

蚕豆和豇豆品种耐盐性鉴定初报

1986～1989年我们将已编入《中国食用豆类品种资源目录》中的66.3份蚕豆品种和785份豇豆品种进行了耐盐性的鉴定、筛选,初步选出一批耐盐性较好的蚕豆、豇豆品种,可提供育种或生产利用。     

影响平坝华山松种子园结实量的土壤因子及对策研究

本文通过对平坝华山松种子园土壤肥力，针叶养分状况与华山松无性系开花结实相关性的研究，寻找出种子产量低的原因，结果表明低产的原因之一是营养生长差，表现在该园土壤缺Ｐ少Ｋ，缺Ｂ，针叶养分状况反映出Ｂ的缺乏，同时Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ也偏低，故而施肥是解决的措施之一，施Ｐ提高雄花量，是对照的１３．５倍，施Ｂ提高雌花量和座果量，为对照的１．２倍，２倍。     

轮回选择在烤烟品种改良中的应用探讨

笔者在国外学者研究文献的基础上,归纳了轮回选择在烤烟品种改良中的应用价值,并结合烤烟作物自身特点,分析了烤烟育种应用轮回选择的优势,最后结合育种实践经验,指出创建烤烟轮回选择基础群体应注意亲本的选配、亲本的数目及基础群体的合成方式,提出多目标烤烟育种采用改良混合选择法结合S1选择法的轮回选择程序,同时建议采用开放式的轮回选择方案、适时引入适当遗传比率的优异种质或基因,根据基础群体所包含的种质状况、选择性状的遗传模型及遗传复杂性确定轮回选择后代种植群体规模,依据轮回选择群体的规模、轮回选择实际进程和目标性状遗传方式确定对后代的选择强度,采用约束指数对多个目标性状同时进行选择。     

A comparison of several procedures for mass selection in winter rye I. The relative quality of the procedures

Summary The HS-family offspring from each of 463 plants occurring in a population of winter rye were grown in a randomized complete block design. According to 4 sets of requirements, 4 groups of HS-families were created. The HS-families belonging to a certain group were considered to be superior with regard to the specified requirements.Independently from this, selection among the 463 parental plants was simulated. The selection was according to 3 methods (truncation selection, grid selection and honeycomb selection) applied with regard to a single plant trait or with regard to two plant traits. Altogether 9 different single-trait and two-trait criteria were studied for each selection method.The quality of some selection procedure or the other, i.e. a combination of a selection method and a selection criterion, was measured on the basis of the frequency of plants giving rise to a superior HS-family among all plants selected by the procedure.It is concluded that grid selection and honeycomb selection are more effective than truncation selection. Further it is tentatively concluded that honeycomb selection is more reliable than grid selection.     

Accelerated pedigree selection: An alternative to individual plant selection in the normal pedigree breeding method in the self-pollinated cereals

Summary Accelerated pedigree selection (APS) involves initial selection based on the assessment of lines rather than individual plants. These lines can be derived by accelerated generation procedures. Unlike single seed descent (SSD), line selection can begin in an early generation. This minimises the risk of differential mortality or sterility. Brief outlines of APS for spring and winter cereals are given. The length of the APS breeding cycle is shorter than that of either pedigree selection (PS) or SSD. In addition to higher efficiency of selection for yield, which must be offset against the need for greater resources, it is expected that APS should result in valuable genotypes being retained and better selection for desirable combinations of characters.     

Decision Model for Location Selection of the Resident Project

Started with studying the evaluation standard, which are influencing the decision for location selection of the resident project, this paper set up a decision model for the location selection. It confirmeds evaluation rule of the location selection according to the characteristic of the resident project and selects all the location by fuzzy mathematic and AHP. After this selection, AHP is used again to taxis all the suitable location to build in the most suitable place. This model is provided with a scientific and rational decision result in the location selection for companies of the real estate.     

Aspects of unconscious selection and the evolution of domesticated plants

Summary Unconscious selection may be defined as non-intentional human selection. The term was introduced by Darwin and its modern concept was developed by C.D. Darlington. Unconscious selection, or automatic selection as it is sometimes called, could have been responsible for most of the differences that distinguish domesticated seed crops from their wild progenitors, including loss of natural dispersal mechanisms, even and rapid seed germination, larger propagules, simultaneous ripening, and loss of mechanical protection as well as changes in the breeding system. Some differences, such as those in seed or fruit colors, may have developed from conscious selection at an early time. For unconscious selection to operate in the development of domesticated plants there would have to have been a deliberate planting of seeds by people.     

植物育种的株选技术方法研究

结合豇豆育种实践阐述了植物育种中株选的重要性和目的、株选的策略和株选方法等。笔者新提出了改良加权评分法和同工酶辅助株选法。认为（1）通过对易观察、遗传力高且与育种目标相关性大的性状选择可尽快实现育种目标。（2）把各性状看作灰选性状，单株级别则视为灰选等级，根据灰选等级进行株选，以各经济性状与产量的灰色关联度作为各性状的权重，计算得到各单株综合评价值，确定等级标准值，并划分等级结果，变权重主观赋值为客观求值，有利于提高株选的准确性和效率（3）利用同工酶生化标记辅助株选，可克服株选中仅从表现型出发而导致的偏差，也有利于改变过去只有在品种选育成功后，才研究其生化或遗传基础，藉此可大大缩短育种年限。本研究可资豇豆育种利用和其他植物育种借鉴。     

The effect of interplant distance on the effectiveness of honeycomb selection. II. Results of the second selection cycle

Summary For a second consecutive generation, the efficiency of the honeycomb selection procedure was observed at low and at high density, i.e. interplant distance being 100 cm and 15 cm respectively. Progress due to selection was determined for each of the two plant densities applied by comparing the performance of offspring from selected plants with that of offspring from plants taken at random. The relation between selection intensity and selection response was observed to study the relation between competing and yielding ability in presence and in absence of interplant competition.Compared to results obtained in a previous generation, it is now dared to be more positive about the perspectives of selection in absence of interplant competition. It is tentatively concluded that single plant selection for yield at wide spacing gives a higher progress and allows a better identification of outstanding genotypes. However, the superiority of selection at low density is not confirmed neither by any estimator of a quantitative genetic parameter nor by the correlation between single plant yield and plot yield of their offspring. The disturbing factors found already in the former generation, namely variation in seed quality and a biased sample of random plants, exerted a less important role in the estimation of the progress. Nevertheless, it is believed that only when they can be reduced more reliable results can be achieved.     

Bi-level Programming Model and Genetic Algorithms for the Selection of Vendors

The traditional vendor selection model often pay attention to the profit of the buyers and the selection behavior of vendor is ignored,but the vendors only trade with the buyers according with their rational selection,so the vendors selection bi-level programming model is presented with constraint of minimal batches,the ability of supply,product matching etc.A solution of the model based on genetic algorithm is proposed.The buyers' vendor selection of minimum cost is realized in the upper programming and the allocation of requirements is proposed in the lower programming.The application of the model and its algorithm are illustrated with a practical example.     

太谷核不育小麦应用研究—两种轮回选择方案对小麦群体改良的效应

以显性雄性不育小麦为材料,采用改良半姊妹和混合轮回选择两种方案,对同一基础群体C_0进行了四轮选择.结果表明,对主穗粒数、单株粒重和百粒重等主要产量性状,两种方案均有较显著的改良效果.遗传进展比较,改良半姊妹方案所取得的进展较大,但两方案间差异未达到显著水准.对降低群体植株高度,用改良半姊妹方案的效果极显著,而混合轮选较差.同一方案逐轮间各性状的增进值较小,呈波浪式进展趋势.群体变异程度比较表明,两种方案逐轮群体的变异系数皆呈下降趋势,改良半姊妹方案的下降幅度略大于混合轮选.